This project contains a comprehensive project of accountign. It also contain a law project on famous cases i.e. Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball and Balfour vs Balfour. And this project also contain a supply and demand of thermometer during corona virus.

1. Submitted by :- Anjali yadav
submittedto:- dr. vinay nagpal

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincere thanks to Dr. Vinay nagpal, my
teacher who guided me throughout the project
and also gave me valuable suggestions and
directions for completing this project. He has
helped me to understand the topic completely. My
project has been a success only because of his
guidance.​
I would like to thank my classmates and friends
also for their encouragement and help in designing
and making my project creative.​

3. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Anjali Yadav, a student of
B.com honors (FSG) has successfully completed
her project of business plan under the guidance
of Dr. Vinay Nagpal, during the academic year
2020-2021 as prescribed.

4. Case study
of freezing hub

5. Ms. Swasti Tak after completing her MBA in Marketing from
Parul University Gujrat decided to open a ice cream parlor
in nearby popular market. She was short of capital, so she
discussed her business plan with her family members.
They all encourage her and help in setting her small scale
business. Her father and mother help her financially. She
had her saving of around 800000 and also manage to raise
funds from others. From all these resources she manages
to have 2000000 as capital.
They started their business on 1st April 2017. A shop at
prime location of the city was taken on a monthly rent of
Rs.8000, Furniture and fixtures of Rs.150000, Decoration
and lightning of Rs.50000 and air conditioner of Rs.50000
was installed. Machinery requires for making ice cream
was installed for Rs.400000. Two computer were also
purchased for Rs.50000 each. Out of the total capital
invested Rs.5000 was retained by the firm for petty
expenses and the balanced amount was deposited into
bank. All the payments were made through banks.

6. The following payments are done during the year and
made through banks.
PARTICULARS RUPEES
PARTICULERS RUPEES
CARRIAGE INWARD 20000
SALARY AND WAGES 360000
ELECTICITY EXPENSES 50000
WATER EXPENSES 30000
ADVERTISEMENT AND PAMPLETS EXPENSE 50000
TELEPHONE CHARGES 20000
INSURANCE 30000
INTERNET AND WIFI CHARGES 30000
ICE CREAM VENDING MACHINE 400000
CONSUMABLE STORE 320000
SALES 1500000

7. DURING THE YEAR FOLLOWING ARE THE CREDITOR OF
COUNSUMABLE STORE:-
At the end of the year petty cash balance in hand was Rs. 2000.
The actual amount of general and petty expenses amounted to
Rs. 25000 and the cash requires to meet the petty expenses
was withdrawn from bank closing stock of consumable store
was valued at Rs.80000. Depreciation is to be charge on
machinery and furniture and fixtures @5%p.a. and on
computer and air conditioner @10%p.a. Electricity expenses
were outstanding for Rs. 15000. Insurance of Rs. 25000 was
prepaid and hence is to be carry forward to next year.
D-ESSENCE AND Company
ATUL DAIRY
MAWAN SUGAR Company
G AND Company
12000
100000
60000
8000

8. Rent for the last quarter was outstanding during the
year Rs. 70000 and 60000 were with drawn by swasti
for personal use. Out of the total bank balance
Rs.1200000 was kept as fixed deposit.
Prepare the final account for partnership firm

9. Transaction

10. Transaction
• Started business with cash rs.2000000
• Open a bank account in ICICI bank and deposited rs. 200000
• A monthly rent of Rs.8000
• Paid for Furniture and fixtures of Rs.150000
• Paid for Decoration and lightning of Rs.50000
• Paid for air conditioner of Rs.50000
• Machinery requires for making ice cream was installed for
Rs.400000
• Purchased Two computer for Rs.100000
• Rs.5000 was retained by the firm for petty expenses
• Paid salary and wages for Rs. 360000
• Electricity bill paid for worth Rs.50000
• Water bill paid for Rs. 30000

11. XII. Advertisement and pamplets expenses are paid for
Rs.50000
XIII. Telephone charges paid for Rs. 20000
XIV. Insurance paid for Rs. 30000
XV. Internet and Wi-Fi charged for Rs. 30000
XVI. Paid for ice cream vending machine of Rs. 40000
XVII. Paid for consumable store for Rs. 320000
XVIII. Sales done for Rs. 1500000
XIX. Depreciation is to be charge on machinery and
furniture and fixtures @5%p.a
XX. machinery and furniture and fixtures @5%p.a
XXI. Electricity expenses were outstanding for Rs. 15000
XXII. Balance Rs.1200000 was kept as fixed deposit.

12. JOURNAL

13. Journalinthebooksof swasti fortheyearended31st march2018
DATE PARTICULAR LF Dr. Cr.
2017
1 APRIL BANK A/C Dr 1995000
CASH A/C Dr 5000
TO SWASTI CAPITAL 2000000
1 APRIL FURNITUR AND
FIXTURS A/C Dr
150000
DÉCOR AND LIGHT Dr 50000
AIE CONDITIONAR Dr 50000
MACHINERY Dr 400000
COUMPUTER Dr 100000
TO BANK A/C 750000

14. DATE PARTICULAR LF Dr Cr
1 APRIL CARRIAGE INWARD Dr 20000
SALARY AND WAGES Dr 360000
ELECTICITY EXP Dr 50000
WATER EXPENSE Dr 30000
TO BANK A/C 460000
MARCH
31
ADVERTISMENT AND
PAMPLETS Dr
50000
TELEPFONE CHARGE Dr 20000
INSURANCE Dr 30000
RENT Dr 30000
PURCHASES Dr 72000
TO BANKS 202000
MARCH
31
CASH A/C Dr 22000
TO BANK 22000

15. DATE PARTICULAR LF Dr Cr
MARCH
31
GENRAL AND PETTY
CASH Dr
25000
TO CASH A/C 25000
MARCH
31
SWASTI DRAWING Dr 130000
TO BANK A/C 130000
MARCH
31
BANK A/C Dr 1500000
TO SALES Dr 1500000

16. LedGER POSTING

17. ledger
Furniture and fixtures account:-
DÉCOR AND LIGHT ACCOUNT:-
DATE PARTICULAR L
F
AMOUNT DATE PARTICULAR LF AMOUNT
2017
APRIL1 TO BANK A/C 150000
2018
MAR31 BY BALC/D 150000
DATE PARTICULAR L
F
AMOUN
T
DATE PARTICULAR L
F
AMOUN
T
2017
APRIL1 TO BANK A/C 50000
2018
MAR31 BY BAL C/D 50000

18. AIR CONDITIONAR ACCOUNT:-
CASH ACCOUNT:-
SALARYAND WAGES ACCOUNT:-
DATE PARTICULAR L
F
AMOU
NT
DATE PARTICULAR L
F
AMOU
NT
2017
APRIL1 TO BANK A/C 50000
2018
MAR31 BY BAL C/D 50000
DATE PARTICULAR L
F
AMOU
NT
DATE PARTICULAR L
F
AMOU
NT
2017
APRIL1 TO BANK A/C
TO CAP A/C
22000
5000
2018
MAR31 BY PETTYCASH
BY BALC/D
25000
2000
DATE PARTICULAR L
F
AMOU
NT
DATE PARTICUALR L
F
AMOU
NT
2017
APRIL1 TO BANK A/C 360000
2018
MAR31 BY BAL C/D 360000

19. ELECTRICITY ACCOUNT:-
WATER EXP. ACCOUNT:-
ADVERTISEMENT ACCOUNT
DATE PARTICUALR L
F
AMOU
NT
DATE PARTICUALR L
F
AMOU
NT
2017
APRIL1 TO BANK A/C 50000
2018
MAR31 BY BAL C/D 50000
DATE PARTICUALR L
F
AMOU
NT
DATE PARTICUALR L
F
AMOU
NT
2017
APRIL1 TO BANK A/ 30000
2018
MAR31 BY BAL A/C 30000
DATE PARTICUALR L
F
AMOU
NT
DATE PARTICUALR L
F
AMOU
NT
2017
APRIL1 TO BANK A/C 50000
2018
MAR31 BY BAL C/D 50000

20. MACHINERY ACCOUNT:-
COUMPUTER ACCOUNT:-
CARRIAGE INWARDACCOUNT:-
DATE PARTICULAR L
F
AMOUN
T
DATE PARTICULAR L
F
AMOUN
T
2017
APRIL1 TO BANK A/C 400000
2018
MAR31 BY BAL A/C 400000
DATE PARTICULAR L
F
AMOU
NT
DATE PARTICUALR L
F
AMOU
NT
2017
APRIL1 TO BANK A/C 100000
2018
MAR31 BY BAL C/D 100000
DATE PARTICULAR L
F
AMOUN
T
DATE PARTICULAR L
F
AMOUN
T
2017
APRIL1 TO BANK A/C 20000
2018
MAR31 BY BAL C/D 20000

21. BANK ACCOUNT:-
DATE PARTICULAR L
F
AMOUN
T
DATE PARTICULAR L
F
AMOUN
T
2018
MAR31
TO SWASTI CAP
TO SALES A/C
2000000
1500000
3500000
2017
APRIL1 BY FURNITUR
BY DÉCOR
BY AIR COND.
BY MACHINERY
BY COMPUTER
BY SALARY
BY ELECTRICITY
BY WATER EXP.
BY ADV.
BY TELEPHONE
BY INSURANCE
BY INTERNET
BY PURCHASE
BY RENT
BY CARRAGE IN.
BY CASH
BY SWASTI’S D.
BY BAL C/D
150000
50000
50000
400000
50000
360000
50000
30000
50000
20000
30000
30000
22000
72000
22000
22000
80000
2012000
3500000

22. TRIAL BALANCE

23. Trialbalanceas on31st march2018
PARTICULAR RF DR. BALANCE CR.BALANCE
CAPTAIL :
SWASTI
SALES
PETTY CASH IN HAND
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
DÉCOR AND LIGHTINING
AIR CONDITONAR
COUMPUTER
MACHINE
SALARY AND WAGES
ELECTRICITY EXP
WATER EXP
ADD AND PAMPLETS
TELEPHONR CHARGES
INSURANCE
INTERNET AND WIFI CHARGE
PURCHASE
CREDITOR FOR COUNSUMABEL STORE
RENT
2000
150000
50000
50000
100000
400000
360000
50000
30000
50000
20000
30000
30000
500000
72000
2000000
1500000
180000

24. PARTICULAR RF DR. BALANCE CR. BALANCE
CARRIGE INWAR
CASH AT BANK
DRAWINGS:
SWASTI
GENERAL AND PETTY EXP
20000
1611000
130000
25000
3680000 3680000

25. FINANCIAL
ACCOUNT OF
FREEZINGHUB

26. FINANCIALACCOUNTOF FREEZINGHUB
TRADINGACCOUNTFORTHEYEARENDED31ST MARCH2018
PARTICULAR AMOUNT PARTICULAR AMOUNT
TO PURCHASE : CASH
CREDIT
TO CARRIGE INWARD
TO GROSS PROFIT
320000
180000
20000
1030000
1550000
BY SALES
BY CLOSING ACCOUNT
1500000
50000
1550000

27. PROFITANDLOSSACCOUNTFORTHEyearENDED31ST
MARCH
PARTICULAR AMOUNT PARTICULAR AMOUNT
TO RENT A/C 72000
(+)OTS RENT 24000
TO SALARY AND WAGES
TO ELECTRICITY 50000
(+)OTS ELECTRICITY 15000
TO WATER EXP
TO ADD AND PAMPLETS
TO TELEPHONR CHARGES
TO INTERNET AND WIFI
TO INSURANCE 30000
(-)INSURANCE 5000
TO DEPRICIATION
MACHINE 20000
FURNITURE 75000
COUMPUTER 5000
AIR CONDITONAR 5000
TO PETTY CASH
TO NET PROFIT
96000
360000
65000
30000
50000
20000
30000
25000
37500
25000
291500
1030000
BY GROSS PROFIT 1030000
1030000

28. BALANCESHEET
(ASON31ST MARCH, 2018)
LIABILITIES AMOUNT ASSETS AMOUNT
CAPITAL:-
SWASTI 2000000
CREDITOR:-
D-ESSENCE AND CO.
ATUL DAIRY
MAWAN SUGAR CO.
G AND CO.
OUTSTANDING RENT
OUTSTANDING ELE. EXP.
2000000
12000
100000
60000
8000
24000
15000
2219000
MACHINE
FURNITURE
LIGHTINING
AIR CONDITONAR
COUMPUTER
CLOSING STOCK
PRE INSURANCE
FIX DEPOSIT
CASH AT BANK
CASH IN HAND
380000
142000
50000
45000
45000
80000
5000
1200000
130000
9000
2219000

29. Adjustment entries

30. Adjustment entries
• Closing stock is valued at 80000
• Rent outstanding 24000
• Electricity outstanding 15000
• Insurance of 5000 has been prepaid
• Depreciation charged on machinery and
furniture and fixtures @5%p.a
• Depreciation is to be charge on computer and
air conditioner @10%p.a

31. DATE PARTICULARS L
F
DR. CR.
CLOSING STOCK A/C DR
TO TRADING A/C
RENT A/C DR
TO OUTSTANDING RENT
ELECTRICITY EXP DR
TO OUTSTANDING ELE
PREPAID INSURANCE DR
TO INSURANCE A/C
DEPRICIATION A/C DR
TO MACHINERY
TO FURNITURE
TO COUMPUTER
TO AIR CONDITIONAR
80000
24000
15000
5000
37500
80000
24000
15000
5000
2000
7500
5000
5000

32. Ratio analysis

33. Current ratio
Current ratio= Current asset
Current Liabilities
Current assets = Cash+ Bank+ Sundry Debtors+ Closing stock+
Accrued commission+ Prepaid insurance+ Security deposits
=200000+10000+90000+80000+25000+5000
=410000
Current liabilities = Sundry Creditors+ outstanding salary+
outstanding rent
=180000+25000+15000
= 220000
Current ratio= 410000 = 1.87:1
220000
The ideal current ratio should be 2:1. But in this case the current
ratio is 1.87:1 which is less than the ideal ratio. Therefore, it can be
said that short term financial position of the firm is not satisfactory.​

34. Grossprofit
Gross Profit Ratio= Gross Profit * 100
Net Sales
= 1030000 *100
1500000
=68.66%
gross profit Ratio of this business is higher than
the normal fixed for this type of business. It
may be due to high selling prices, efficiency of
employees, and owner.

35. Netprofit ratio
Net Profit Ratio= Net Profit * 100
Net sales
= 291500 *100
1500000
= 19.43%
This ratio is near to norm set for this type of
business. It indicates that Ms. Swasti Tak is
successful in attaining the desired level of
profit in the very first year.

59. Types of thermometer
Digital thermometer:-Digital thermometers work by using
heat sensors that determine body temperature. They
can be used to take temperature readings in the
mouth, rectum, or armpit. When assessing digital
thermometer readings, keep in mind that armpit
(axillary) temperature runs about ½ to 1°F (0.6°C)
cooler than oral readings. Rectal thermometers run
½ to 1°F (0.6°C) warmer than oral readings.

60. Mercury(liquid in glass) thermometer:-
Mercury thermometers were
once the only option available for
taking temperature. Due to safety
concerns, they’re no longer
widely available and may even be
illegal where you live.
Mercury thermometers provide
accurate temperature readings
and can be used orally, rectally,
or under the arm.
They don’t require batteries.

61. infraredthermometer:-
An infrared thermometer is a
thermometer which infers
temperature from a portion of the
thermal radiation sometimes
called black-body radiation
emitted by the object being
measured. ... This permits
temperature measurement from a
distance without contact with the
object to be measured.

62. Thermometersare used in the House:-
Help to measure the temperature of the
skin surface over the forehead. It
displays large and easy-to-read numbers
and beeps when a temperature reading
is complete . It is advisable for parents
to use a thermometer to check the
temperature of slides, swings and other
playground equipment's in a sunny day
before letting the kids touch it.
usage of thermometer

63. Thermometers are used in Restaurants
Big restaurants use
thermometers to keep track of
the oil and dish’s temperature to
achieve perfection and customer
satisfaction. Simply using an
infrared thermometer to test the
sample will give you the result of
the whole batch. Whether it is a
fresh batch are leftovers, it
should be heated up to 165
degrees for 15 seconds in order to
eat. Nowadays thermometer are
use because of corona to check
the temperature of people

64. Uses of thermometer in Industries:-
In some industries, it is very
important to check for air leaks
and poorly insulated areas to
ensure safety standards are
maintained. For example, the
need of insulation can be checked
by comparing the temperature of
the interior and the exterior
surface of the walls and if the
difference is large, then the walls
need proper insulations. Some
industry's use infrared
thermometry to check the
temperature of their employees.