In this presentation, i'll explain communal violence, its causes and laws to control it.

1. PRESENTED
BY-
ANJALI YADAV
LLM 2ND SEM
COMMUNAL VIOLENCE VS
PREVENTIVE LEGAL
MECHANISM

2. INTRODUCTION
 A communal violence is defined as violent conflict
between non-state groups that are organized
along a shared communal identity.
 Violence or conflict between two different
communities or identities.
 The violent parties use violence to gain control
over some disputed and resources, such as a
piece of land or local political power.
 The term includes conflicts, riots and other forms
of violence between communities of different
religious faith or ethnic origins.

3. CHARACTERSTICS OF
COMMUNAL VIOLENCE
 Communalism is an ideological concept, which
evolved through three broad stages in India:
 Communal Nationalism
 Liberal Communalism
 Extreme Communalism

4. REASONS FOR COMMUNAL
VIOLENCE
 GENERAL CAUSES-
 Divide and rule policy
 Partition of country
 Political factor
 Socio-political issues
 Administrative failures
 Rumors-
 Insecurity and fear
 Misuse of social
media
 RELIGIOUS
CAUSES-
 conversion
 Religious conflicts
 Religious procession
& celebration
 Hurting religious
sentiments
 TRIVIAL CAUSES-

5. PROBLEMS CAUSED DUE TO
COMMUNAL VIOLENCE
 Loss of life and destruction of property
 Psychology of fear
 Distrust among people
 Communal violence act as an obstacle to unity
 Increase in radicalization and terrorism

6. ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSE FOR
COMMUNAL VIOLENCE
 Measures to be
taken once a riot has
started-
 Proper mobilization
and deployment
 Suppress violence
immediately
 Regular patrolling
 Make suitable arrest
 Avoid spread of
rumors
 Measures to be
taken once normalcy
is restored-
 Investigation and
prosecution
 Relief and
rehabilitation
 Commission of
enquiry
 Proper documentation
on future learning

7. PEACE COMMITTEES
 National Integration Council (NIC)
 National Foundation for Communal Harmony (NFCH)
 Government schemes for communal harmony-
 Central scheme for assistance to victims of communal
violence and terrorism
 Kabir puraskar scheme
 Essay competition in the cause of national integration
and communal harmony
 Assistance to voluntary organization, etc for the cause
of national integration
 Celebration of Rashtriya Ekta Diwas/ Rashtriya
Sankalap Diwas and Qaumi Ekta Diwas

8. LAWS AND ACTS TO CONTROL
COMMUNAL VIOLENCE
 PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION
 ARTICLE 355- “Duty of the Union to protect States
against external aggression and internal disturbance-
It shall be the duty of the Union to protect every State
against external aggression and internal disturbance
and to ensure that the government of every State is
carried on in accordance with the provisions of this
Constitution.”
 (PREVENTION OF COMMUNAL AND TARGETED
VIOLENCE (ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND
REPARATIONS) BILL, 2011)
 PROVISIONS IN IPC-
 Section 153 A
 Section 295
 section 295 A

9. CONCLUSION
 The problem of communal violence encompasses
religious, political, socio-economic, cultural,
historical and intellectual spheres in different
ratios and extent with reference to different states
and regions. After partition of the country,
communal violence is organized, planned and
executed by the stakes for deriving selfish gains.
In most cases, it is politically motivated and the
role of rumors in rousing communal passions is
quite famous.

10. THANKYOU