Semiotics, Parts of Speech, and Clauses

1. Semiotics
The science of communication studied
through the interpretation of signs and
symbols as they operate in various fields,
esp. language

2. Semiotics
Developed by
Ferdinand de Saussure
and
Charles S. Peirce

3. Semiotics
Peirce
Peirce distinguished between Icons,
Indexes, and Symbols.

4. Semiotics
Peirce
An Icon resembles that which it stands
for.

5. “The Treachery of
Images”
by
René Magritte
*This is not a pipe.

6. STAR
LIGHTEN
OR
SHINE
ANUBIS

7. Semiotics
Peirce
An Index does not resemble an object,
but instead refers to it by a causal link
(smoke to indicate fire).

8. Semiotics
Peirce
A Symbol is determined by the laws
that govern an object, but otherwise
has no similarity or cause related to the
object.

9. Semiotics
Saussure
No actual relationship between the
signifier (the word or symbol) and the
signified (the meaning).

10. Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Prepositions
Pronouns
Determiners
Conjunctions
Interjections
Numerals
Articles

11. Clauses
 A clause is a group of words that
contains a verb (and usually
other components too). A clause may
form part of a sentence or it may be a
complete sentence in itself. For example:
He was eating a bacon sandwich.
(clause)

12. Clauses
She had a long career
(clause)
but is remembered mainly
for her early work.
(clause)

13. Main Clause
Every sentence contains at least one main clause. A main clause may form part of
a compound sentence or a complex sentence, but it also makes sense on its own.
Compound sentences are made up of two or more main clauses linked by a conjunction
such as and, but, or so, as in the following examples:
I love sports
(main clause)
and
(conjunction)
I’m captain of the local football team.
(main clause)

14. Main Clause
She was born in Spain
(main clause)
but
(conjunction)
her mother is Polish.
(main clause)

15. Subordinate Clause
A subordinate clause depends on a main clause for its meaning.
Together with a main clause, a subordinate clause forms part of
a complex sentence. Here are two examples of sentences containing
subordinate clauses:
After we had lunch,
(subordinate clause)
we went back to work.
(main clause)

16. Subordinate Clause
I first saw her in Paris,
(main clause)
where I lived in the early nineties.
(subordinate clause)

17. Conditional Clauses
There are two main types of subordinate clause: conditional clauses and relative
clauses.
A conditional clause is one that usually begins with if or unless and describes
something that is possible or probable:
If it looks like rain
(conditional clause)
a simple shelter can be made out of a plastic sheet.
(main clause)

18. Conditional Clauses
I’ll be home tomorrow
(main clause)
unless the plane’s delayed for hours.
(conditional clause)

19. Relative Clauses
A relative clause is one connected to a main clause by a word such
as which, that, whom, whose, when, where, or who:
She wants to be with Thomas,
(main clause)
who is best suited to take care of her.
(relative clause)

20. Relative Clauses
I was wearing the dress
(main clause)
that I brought to wear to Jo’s party.
(relative clause)