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Guidelines for Safe Chemical Warehousing
- 1. GUIDELINES FOR SAFE WAREHOUSING OFCHEMICALS CENTER FOR CHEMICAL PROCESS SAFETY of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017
- 2. Copyright © 1998 American Institute of ChemicalEngineers 345 East 47thStreet New York, New York 10017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording,or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owner. library of Congress Cataloging-in PublicationData Guidelines for safe warehousing of chemicals. p. cm. Includes bibliographyand index. ISBN0-8169-0659-9 1. Chemicals—Storage—Safety measures. 2. AmericanInstituteof Chemical Engineers. Center for ChemicalProcess Safety. II. Title: safe warehousing of chemicals. TP201.N85 1998 97-30661 660'.2804—dc21 CIP This bookis available at a special discount when ordered in bulk quantities. For information, contact the Center for Chemical Process Safety at the address shownabove. It is sincerely hoped that the information presented in this volume will lead to an even more impressive safety record for the entire industry; however, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, its consultants, CCPS Subcommittee members, their employers' officers and directors and Schirmer Engineering Corporation disclaim making or giving any warranties or representations, express or implied, including with respect to fitness, intended purpose, use or merchantability and/or correctness or accuracy of the content of the information presented in this document. As between (1)American Institute of Chemical Engineers, its consultants, CCPS Subcommittee members, their employers, their employers' officers and directors, and Schirmer Engineering Corporation and (2) the user of this document, the user accepts any legal liability or responsibility whatsoever for the consequences of its use or misuse.
- 3. The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) has more than a 30-year history of involvement with process safety for chemical process- ing plants. Through its strong ties with process designers, builders, operators, safety professionals and academia, the AIChE has enhanced communication and fostered improvement in the high safety standards of the industry. AIChE publications and symposia have become an infor- mation resource for the chemical engineering profession on the causes of accidents and means of prevention. The Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) was established in 1985 by the AIChE to develop and disseminate technical information for use in the prevention of major chemical accidents. The CCPS is sup- ported by a diverse group of industrial sponsors in the chemical process industry and related industries who provide the necessary funding and professional guidance for its project. The CCPS Technical Steering Com- mittee and the individual technical subcommittees overseeing individ- ual projects are staffed by representatives of sponsoring companies. The first CCPS/AIChE project was the preparation of Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures. Since that time a number of Guidelines and shorter Concept Books, have been produced. Chemicals are ubiquitous in commerce and industry, and warehous- ing of chemicals and chemical products is an essential part of those activities. While many of the practices and standards applied to safe warehousing of chemicals are similar to those followed for safe ware- housing of a wide range of other materials and commodities, chemicals may present unique safety, environmental or property protection chal- lenges. The purpose of these Guidelines is to identify and address those issues unique to chemical warehousing while recognizingthe large areas of commonality with other types of warehousing operations. These Preface
- 4. Guidelines are intended for use by warehouse operators, architects, designers and others concerned with safe warehousing of chemicals. Most of the content is general and performance-based, extensive refer- ences are made to consensus codes and standards for specific technical information. This book, Guidelinesfor Safe Warehousing of Chemicals, is the result of a project begun in 1993 with the formation of the Subcommittee on Safe Warehousing of Chemicals. The Subcommittee, representing sev- eral major chemical companies, selected and worked with a contractor, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, to produce these Guidelines.
- 5. The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) wishes to thank the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) and those involved in its operation, including its many sponsors whose funding and technical support made this project possible. Particular thanks are due the members of the CCPS Safe Warehous- ing of Chemicals Subcommittee who worked with the authors at Schirmer Engineering Corporation to produce this book. Their dedicated efforts, technical contributions and guidance in the preparation of this book are sincerely appreciated. The members of the Safe Warehousing of Chemicals Subcommittee are: David Tabar (Chair), The Sherwin Williams Company John Davenport, Industrial Risk Insurers John LeBlanc, Factory Mutual Research Corporation Gary Page, American Home Products Jim Thomas, McLaren/Hart Environmental Engineering Corporation Anthony Torres, Eastman Kodak Company Former Members were: John Anderson, DuPont Company John F. Murphy, Dow USA Technical Contributors and Reviewers were: Robert P. Benedetti, National Fire Protection Association William J. Bradford,Brookfield, CT Daniel A. Growl, Michigan Technological University John A. Hoffmeister, Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. Peter N. Lodal, Eastman Chemical Company Gerard Opschoor, TTVO Prins Maurits Laboratorium Acknowledgments
- 6. Kenneth Mosig,American International Underwriters Adrian L. Sepeda, Occidental Chemical Corporation Scott A. Stookey,Austin Fire Department The following Schirmer Engineering Corporation personnel authored this guideline: David P. Nugent, Project Manager Judy Lyn Freeman Mark Oliszewicz, P.E. The authors would like to thank Galina Markina, for her preparation of CAD figures. Additionally, the exceptional dedication and skill in manuscript preparation by Kathie Cronin and April Nelson was invalu- able Finally, we wish to express our appreciation to Jack Weaver and Lee Schaller of the CCPS staff for their support and guidance.
- 7. ACGIH AFFF AIChE ANSI ASTM BFE BOCA BOD Btu CAS CCPA CCPS CERCLA CFR CHRIS CMA DOT EPA EPCRA FEMA FFFP FIRM FIS FM HAZWOPER HMIS American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Aqueous Film Forming Foam American Institute of Chemical Engineers American National Standards Institute American Society for Testing and Materials Base Flood Elevation Building Official and Code Administrators, International Biological Oxygen Demand or Biochemical Oxygen Demand British Thermal Units Chemical Abstracts Service Canadian Chemical Producers Association Center for Chemical Process Safety Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 Code of Federal Regulations Chemical Hazards Response Information System Chemical Manufacturers Association Department of Transportation Environmental Protection Agency Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act Federal Emergency Management Agency Film Forming Fluoroprotein Flood Insurance Rate Map Flood Insurance Study Factory Mutual Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Hazardous Materials Identification System Acronyms
- 8. IDLH IRI IUPAC LFL MSDS NA NCP NFPA NIOSH NPCA OSHA PEL ppm PPE RCRA RQ RTECS SADT SARA SHFA TLV TCLP UBC UFL UL UN US Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Industrial Risk Insurers International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Lower Flammable Limit Material Safety Data Sheet North America National Contingency Plan National Fire Protection Association National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health National Paint and Coatings Association Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limit Parts Per Million Personal Protective Equipment Resource Conservation and RecoveryAct Reportable Quantities Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act Special Hazard Flood Area Threshold Limit Value Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Uniform Building Code Upper Flammable Limit Underwriters Laboratories United Nations United States