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- 1. HEALTH, SPORT AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PRESENTATION By Amy Lenae Scarr 11515559
- 2. MAJOR HEALTH ISSUES THAT IMPACT ON THE HEALTH OF AUSTRALIAN YOUTH Diabetes Obesity Asthma Alcoholism Substance abuse Mental health
- 3. DIABETES 4% of the Australian population have diabetes, which works out to be around 999,000 people. This has risen from the rate in 1989 which was 1.5%. The diabetes rate remained stable between the years 2007-2008 and 2011-2012. In 2011, 2,367 people were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, which is equitable to 11 cases per 100,000 people. 1 in 20 pregnancies are affected by diabetes. Between the years 2005 and 2007, this was 44,000 women. $1,507 million was spent on treating diabetes in 2008-2009, which is 2.3% of all health expenditure. Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes
- 4. OBESITY Almost 2 in 3 people are overweight or obese. This is 63% of people. 25% of children are overweight or obese. This is 1 in 4 CHILDREN! 15% more people living in regional or remote areas are overweight or obese than those living in major cities. Over half of adults are overweight or obese, putting them at greater risk of contracting diabetes. Causes Effects
- 5. ASTHMA 1 in 10 Australians suffer from asthma. That’s over 2 million people! 1 in 9 children are affected by asthma. 20% of people over 15 years with asthma have a written asthma action plan. Children aged 0-14 are most likely to have a written asthma action plan. In 2008-2009, $655 million was spent on asthma, which equates to 0.9% of all direct health expenditure. 37,500 hospitalisations in 2012-2013 where asthma was named as the principal diagnosis. 394 deaths occurred in 2012 due to asthma. Causes Effects
- 7. SUBSTANCE ABUSE Substance abuse is one’s continuous dependency on illegal substances. For example, methamphetamines, and other illicit drugs. There is no exact known cause of substance abuse, which does not help with the prevention and treatment of it. Visit http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/1082608740905734 8?journalCode=sum to read an article on the patterns of drug abuse. For those looking for help with their substance abuse problems, Headspace is a great website to look at. Also view, http://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/topics/statistics for national and international reports.
- 8. MENTAL HEALTH Exact cause of mental health is not known, but is can be from a combination of biological, environmental, genetic and physiological factors. This image shows the work of a group of university students, when discussing mental health, it’s causes, the health risk behaviours and strategies for improvement. It was worked on in a class workshop, and was the result of a collaboration of ideas from different students.
- 9. HOW PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORT HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO HELP AUSTRALIAN YOUTH ACHIEVE BETTER HEALTH OUTCOMES Physical activity and sport offer a wide range of benefits to the health of Australian youth. It strengthens and condition the body muscles. It gets the body moving and the heart pumping. Australian youth need to use a combination of physical activity and sport, healthy eating and a healthy lifestyle to improve their health.
- 10. ROLE THAT SCHOOLS CAN PLAY IN IMPROVING THE HEALTH STATUS OF AUSTRALIAN YOUTH
Editor's Notes
- There are many health issues that affect and impact on the health of Australian youth. These are the major health issues that I have found through my research, and I will be going into more depth with each of the issues. I will discuss their patterns, their causes and their effects.
- Diabetes is a disorder in one’s metabolism, a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use glucose. Insulin is a chemical secreted by the pancreas, that enables glucose to pass into the cells. According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 4% of the Australian population have diabetes, which works out to be around 999,000 people. This has risen from the rate in 1989 which was 1.5%. The diabetes rate remained stable between the years 2007-2008 and 2011-2012. In 2011, 2,367 people were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, which is equitable to 11 cases per 100,000 people. 1 in 20 pregnancies are affected by diabetes. Between the years 2005 and 2007, this was 44,000 women. $1,507 million was spent on treating diabetes in 2008-2009, which is 2.3% of all health expenditure. Diabetes can be caused by obesity, it can be hereditary. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the body producing little or no amounts of insulin. Type 2 diabetes is caused when the pancreas has the ability to produce insulin, but the amount if insufficient and less effective. Diabetes can lead to damage of small and large blood vessels, which can lead to other problems, and problems with kidneys, eyes and nerves.
- Obesity occurs mainly because of an imbalance between energy intake from diet and energy expenditure. According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Almost 2 in 3 people are overweight or obese. This is 63% of people. 25% of children are overweight or obese. This is 1 in 4 CHILDREN! 15% more people living in regional or remote areas are overweight or obese than those living in major cities. Over half of adults are overweight or obese, putting them at greater risk of contracting diabetes. In layman's terms, obesity is when someone continuously and repeatedly eats a large amount of unhealthy foods, and does not get enough exercise to remedy the effects of their eating. There are many effects of obesity. Coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, bowel, breast or colon cancer, hypertension- high blood pressure, dyslipidemia- high cholesterol, stroke, liver or gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, are just a number of the effects that may develop from obesity.
- Asthma is a long condition that can affect one’s breathing. It is a condition characterised by breathing difficulty where there is a reduction in the width of the airways leading to the lungs, resulting in less air being available. According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 1 in 10 Australians suffer from asthma. That’s over 2 million people! 1 in 9 children are affected by asthma. 20% of people over 15 years with asthma have a written asthma action plan. Children aged 0-14 are most likely to have a written asthma action plan. In 2008-2009, $655 million was spent on asthma, which equates to 0.9% of all direct health expenditure. 37,500 hospitalisations in 2012-2013 where asthma was named as the principal diagnosis. 394 deaths occurred in 2012 due to asthma. 1 in 9 children are affected by asthma, says Asthma Australia Annual Report 2007-2008. http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CCoQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asthmaaustralia.org.au%2FWorkArea%2FDownloadAsset.aspx%3Fid%3D1225&ei=6LJIVdmdEoaxmAX9uICIBA&usg=AFQjCNEeg99kNd3_pkEcb2ZRNMu5_vT6sA&sig2=Kpov7w1mu53zFomyrznL8g Causes of asthma can vary from person to person. Some can be triggered by pollen, from additives or substances in the air, pets, cold air, respiratory infections or physical activity. Many of you may and will know someone who suffers from asthma, so treatment and prevention is vital. An asthma attack can occur quite suddenly, and if not treated properly, the one suffering the attack can soon succumb to death. I know this because my cousin, Wade Iffland, suffered from asthma since childhood. In late 2007 he suffered from a fatal asthma attack in his home, and died quite suddenly. He was only 13 years old. The effects of asthma vary from person to person, and are dependant on the medication that is used for treatment. Asthma can have an effect on the sufferer’s life, as they may think that they can’t achieve certain things, seeing their asthma as a setback, something that prevents them from achieving.
- Alcohol abuse is the dependency upon alcohol based beverages. From this chart provided, we are able to see the age ranges of those dependent on alcohol. The cause of alcoholism is unknown, but dependency develops when exorbitant amounts are consumed, and a chemical change in the brain occurs. Alcoholism can be caused by excessive consumption of large amounts of alcohol. The effects of alcoholism are numerous, and many people suffer adverse reactions. Alcoholism can lead to cirrhosis of the liver, anaemia, cancer, cardiovascular disease, depression, seizures, gout, nerve damage and hypertension- which can lead to kidney and heart disease.
- Substance abuse is one’s continuous dependency on illegal substances. For example, methamphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy etc. These illegal substances cause a range of severe side effects. From muscle and weight gain, to severe paranoia, which can result in hostility and extremely adverse behaviour. An example of this is in the case of Jessica Silva. At the time of his death, her boyfriend was heavily reliant on drugs and steroids. This caused him to lash out, with verbal, physical, mental and emotional abuse. One night he came to her house, abusing and threatening Jessica and her family, until the situation escalated to physical threats, punches being thrown, which resulted in Jessica defending her brother against her boyfriend with violence. There is no exact known cause of substance abuse, which does not help with the prevention and treatment of it. Visit http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/10826087409057348?journalCode=sum to read an article on the patterns of drug abuse. For those looking for help with their substance abuse problems, Headspace is a great website to look at.
- Mental health can defined as a person’s condition with regards to their physiological and emotional wellbeing. Mental illness can affect how a person feels and/or behaves towards others. Exact cause of mental health is not known, but is can be from a combination of biological, environmental, genetic and physiological factors. This image shows the work of a group of university students, when discussing mental health, it’s causes, the health risk behaviours and strategies for improvement. It was worked on in a class workshop, and was the result of a collaboration of ideas from different students.
- Physical activity and sport offer a wide range of benefits to the health of Australian youth. It is not the only contributing factor to achieving a better health outcome, as it exercises the body muscles. With physical activity and sport, the Australian youth population are strengthening and conditioning their body and it’s muscles, and becoming healthier human beings. It gets the body moving, and the heart pumping, which in turn works the muscles. Our body contains an infinite number of red blood cells, which are the body’s principal method of delivering oxygen to it’s tissues. By getting these red bloods cells, which contain oxygen, pumping around the body, taking it to the tissues of the lungs, allows for the expulsion of carbon dioxide. To achieve better health outcomes, Australian youth need to use a combination of healthy eating, physical activity and sport, and a healthy lifestyle. With appropriate use of all these, youth will be on the road to improving their health, and better their health outcomes.
- The role that schools can play in improving the health status of Australian youth is a greatly significant one. School is where youth are occupied for most of the day, and thus they gain a majority of their information and learning here. Schools teach students, that to have a healthy lifestyle you need to exercise well and regularly, and maintain a healthy diet. Schools create an environment that fosters healthy eating and healthy lifestyles. They demonstrate variety of activities that they can do, to improve their health. Schools also offer a number of healthy eating programs, that are designed to start children eating better, and healthier, and physical activity programs to keep children fit. Crunch ‘n’ Sip is a program that consists of a classroom break which allows students to eat fruit or vegetables and drink water. It is designed to help the children to refuel their bodies for the day’s activities. Jump Rope for Heart is a skipping program, part of an initiative of the Heart Foundation, that teaches youth how to stay fit and healthy, and how to have fun while doing it. It shows the children that sport does not always have to be competitive and a race, but something in which they can enjoy.