Raynaud's syndrome is characterized by episodic vasospasms of the small arteries in the hands and feet in response to cold or stress. It causes color changes in the affected areas from pale white to blue to red. It can be primary/idiopathic or secondary due to underlying conditions like scleroderma or other collagen vascular diseases. Symptoms include numbness, pain, tingling and sometimes gangrene in severe cases. Diagnosis involves arterial Doppler scans and tests to measure blood flow recovery time. Treatment focuses on avoiding triggers, medications to dilate arteries, and surgery in severe cases.

1. en love da Homoeopathy
RAYNAUD’
S
SYNDROM
E

2. RAYNAUD’S
SYNDROME

3. RAYNAUDSSYNDROME
Definition
• It is an episodic vasospasm,
i.e. arteriolar spasm. It leads
to sequence of clinical
features called as Raynaud’s
syndrome.
• episodicattacks of well-
demarcated reversibleself-
limiting colour changes for
1–20minutes on exposureto
cold/emotional stimuli and
is symmetrical/bilateral
lasting for 2 years”.

4. CAUSES
• usually bilateral.
• occurs in upper limb -
arteriolar spasmas a result
of abnormal sensitivityto
cold.
• Develops blanching,
cyanosis and later flushing
• Working with vibrating
tools
• Collagenvascular diseases:
Like
• Scleroderma
• rheumatoid
diseases causing
vasculitis (all
autoimmune
diseases).
• Other causes:
• Cervical rib,
• Buerger’s disease
• Scalene syndrome.

5. • It is often associated with
CRESTsyndrome
• Calcinosis cutis
• Raynaud’s
phenomenon
• Esophageal defects,
• Sclerodactyly,
• Telangiectasia
STAGES
1. ™
Local syncope:
• It is due to vasospasm
• causing tingling and
numbness
2.Local asphyxia:
• causing bluish
discolouration of palm
and digits
• with burning
sensation (due to
accumulated
metabolites)
3. Local recovery:
• It is due to relief of spasm
in the arteriole,
• leading to returnof blood
to the circulationcausing
flushing and pain in
digits

6. 4. ™
Local gangrene:
• If spasmpersists more
than ischaemic time then
digits go for ulcerationand
gangrene.
TYPES
1. Vasospastic
2. Obliterative
3. Primary Raynaud’s
phenomenon
• is an idiopathic
vasospasticdisorder
• increasedsensitivity of
alpha 2 receptors to
non-epinephrine
• Usually it is bilateral
4. SecondaryRaynaud’s
phenomenon
• is vasospasmdue to
some underlying
cause..

7. CLINICALFEATURES
• Commonly
bilateral(young females)
• medial four digits and
palmare involved. Thumb
is spared.
• pallor/blanching
(syncope)
• duskycyanosis (asphyxia),
• rubor/painful red
engorgement
(recovery)
• gangrene or ischaemic
ulceration supervenes
INVESTIGATION
• Arterial Doppler/Duplex
scan.
• finger tip thermography
• cold recovery time (normal
is less than10 minute, but
in Raynaud’s it is more,
oftenup to 30 minutes
• Laser Doppler flux
• Other routine
investigations
• blood sugar
• Lipidprofile
• hypercoagulability
status

8. TREATMENT
• Treat the cause.
• Avoid precipitating
factors
• Cervical Sympathectomy
REFERENCE
1. SRB's Manual of Surgery
by SriramBhat M
2. A Manual on Clinical
Surgeryby Das
3. A Concise textbookof
Surgeryby Das

9. A
Special Thanks
To A Very
Special Doctor