COMPUTER SCIENCE AND AI NOTES

1. INTRODUCTION
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a kind of
technology that connects everyday devices to
the internet. It allows the collection and
exchange of data. The IoT is made up of many
components that work together.

3. WHAT IS IOT (INTERNET OF THINGS)?
 The IoT is the group of physical devices, home appliances, or other items, such as
software and sensors, that connect these devices and exchange data.
 This is the kind of data that is captured by sensors or other devices such as the
motion of a person or smoke detection etc.
 It allows these devices to be controlled and monitored remotely. It automatically
collects and shares data with other connected devices and systems.

4. WHY USE IOT?
We need to use the Internet of Things (IoT) for many reasons.
1. Automation and Efficiency:
IoT devices can be programmed to perform specific tasks automatically. This helps in increasing efficiency and
productivity.
2. Cost Savings:
It can help to reduce costs by automating tasks.
3. Improved Decision-Making:
The data collected by IoT devices can be analyzed to get insights that help in decision-making.
4. Increased Safety and Security:
It can monitor people and other things, which helps safety and security.
5. Convenience:
It can make tasks easy by making them remote-controlled.

5. HOW DOES AN IOT SYSTEM ACTUALLY WORKS?
 An IoT device basically uses data from the surroundings or the inputs from the user and
then analyzes that data. So firstly, sensors collect data from the environment. It could be
one sensor or a collection of sensors(called devices). They collect the data, which is used
later. Examples of sensors can be GPS, temperature sensors, etc.
 Next, the collected data by the sensor is sent to the cloud via some connection. These
connections can be WiFi, LAN, satellite, Bluetooth, etc.
 Once the data reached the cloud, the software reads and analyzes the data according to
the program written in it. This typically includes the processing of data to give predictions.
Examples of data processing can be reading temperature values, reading weather
conditions, processing any image, etc.
 The most important part of this process is sending this information to the user. This can
be done by creating a user inference and showing them the processed data. This
includes alerting the users when the temperature becomes high, alerting them about the
weather conditions, etc.

6. MAJOR COMPONENTS OF IOT (INTERNET OF
THINGS)
THERE ARE 5 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF IOT (INTERNET OF
THINGS) - DEVICES OR SENSORS, GATEWAY, CLOUD,
ANALYTICS AND USER INTERFACE:

7. 1. Sensors or Devices
Sensors or Devices are basically used to collect and transmit the data and also perform
actions based on those data. For example, the sensors can be used for measuring
temperature and humidity.
2. Gateway
Gateway is also a device component that basically acts as an intermediate between the
sensors and the central cloud. Gateway is one of the essential components of IoT that
offers communication, management, and data processing. Here are some of the functions
of Gateway in IoT: Data Aggregation, Communication, Security, Protocol Translation, Load
Balancing, and Latency Reduction.

8. 3. Cloud
Cloud in IoT refers to the service that provides the management, storage, and processing of
the data that is generated by IoT (Internet of Things) devices.
Likes:-Data Storage, Data Collection, Security, Connectivity, Integration, and Cost
Efficiency.
4. Analytics
This is the crucial component of IoT. In analytics, meaningful information's are analyzed that
are generated by IoT devices and sensors. There are some functions included in Analytics,
such as data processing and statistical analysis. Here are some of the applications of
analytics in IoT: Anomaly (identifying any defect) Detection, Environmental Monitoring,
Energy Management, Smart Cities, and Agriculture.

9. 5. User Interface
User Interface, also known as UI in the Internet of Things (IoT) and provides an interface by
which the users can interact with the applications and systems.
Likes:-Data Visualization, User-Friendly Design, Personalization, Remote Management,
Integration, Authentication, and Security.
Continued…………………………………….