this ppt contians gps and its application in mining as well as in other fields.

1. Presented by
Amit Debnath
15551A2602

2.  Introduction
 Components of GPS
 Triangulation Process
 Applications of GPS in Mining
 Disadvantages

3.  GPS or Global Positioning
System is a network of
orbiting satellites that send
precise details of their position
in space back to earth. The
signals are obtained by GPS
receivers, such as navigation
devices and are used to
calculate the exact position,
speed and time at the
vehicles location.

4. Space Segment
Control Segment
User Segment

5. Control
Segment
Space
Segment
User
Segment
Monitor Stations
Ground
Antenn
asMaster Station

6.  24 GPS space
vehicles(SVs).
 Satellites orbit the
earth in 12 hrs.
 6 orbital planes
inclined at 55 degrees
with the equator.
 This constellation
provides 5 to 8 SVs
from any point on the
earth.

7.  The control segment comprises of 5 stations.
 They measure the distances of the overhead satellites
every 1.5 seconds and send the corrected data to
Master control.
 Here the satellite orbit, clock performance and health
of the satellite are determined and determines whether
repositioning is required.
 This information is sent to the three uplink stations

8.  The User Segment consists of all earth-based GPS
receivers.
 The user segment is totally user community, both
civilian and military.

9.  They are high-
frequency, low-
power signals
transferred between
the satellite and the
receiver.
 They relay the
information such as
location to the
receiver, who then
makes a
calculation.

11. 1) Extremely easy to navigate as it tells you to the direction
for each turns you take or you have to take to reach to
your destination.
2) Works in all weather so you need not to worry of the
climate as in other navigating systems.
3) Low costs
4) 100 % coverage on the planet.
5) Helps you to search the nearby restaurants, hotels and
gas stations and is very useful for a new place.
6) Very easy to integrate into other technologies like cell
phone.

12. 7) Best navigating system in water as in larger water bodies
we are often misled due to lack of proper directions.
8) Accuracy can vary from millimetres to several meters
depending on the technique that is used.
9) Satellite surveying can be a one-person operation with
significant savings in time and labour.
10) Operators do not need high levels of skill.
11) Position may be fixed on land, at sea or in the air.

13.  Control of heavy machinery such as draglines,
 Control of bucket wheels and dozers,
 Drill guidance,
 Roads grading and maintenance,
 Fleet management systems for haul trucks and other
vehicles tracking and dispatch,
 Asset tracking, for instance, of lighting plant and mobile
generators,
 Guidance and control for drill rigs and explosive trucks,
 Access and zone control for visiting vehicles,
 Detecting dangerous driver behavior and
 Collision avoidance applications.
 Surveying crews can be reduced

14.  Surveying:- Most mines now use RTK GPS systems for
surveying. It speeds up the surveying process and reduces the
time surveyors are in the field often in vulnerable locations. Ex-
because the GPS system gives an absolute position, the
tedious process of establishing field control points is entirely
eliminated.

15. Truck Fleet Management:-Many mines are
fitting GPS systems to their trucks for fleet
management purposes.
Trucks can be assigned to different loading
machines in real time to improve overall efficiency.
A side safety benefit is that the central control
station knows at all times the whereabouts of each
truck in the fleet.

16. Vehicle Tracking and Dispatch:- The dump trucks’
positions obtained are sent to the central control station, where
it is carried the dumping scheduling management. This
application determines which material is loaded and sends
information and instructions to be followed by the truck drivers,
in order to guarantee that the assignments are followed and
the materials are correctly collected from the correct ore block
and dumped in the correct dumping location.
Monitor Drivers and Vehicles:- The sensors in the
vehicle provide monitoring information of equipment’s, like for
instance air pressure. These systems also provide sensors
sent to a central control station. This system will allow for rapid
intervention in case of problems.

18.  Hazard Avoidance:- GPS systems can be set up to
warn the operator of site hazards.
 Ex- A hazard warning system has been set up as a trial
on a dozer.

19. Collision Avoidance:-
Another possible use of GPS to
enhance safety is in collision
avoidance.
 If all mobile vehicles are fitted with
GPS and telemetry systems, they
can continuously report their
position to a central control base.
Software at the base can then
analyse the data and warn when
two vehicles are on a collision
course, as is done with civilian air
flights in crowded air corridors.
 This kind of arrangement would be
especially beneficial in areas
where light vehicles and high
speed long distance ore haulers
are mixed.

20. Reliability:-The GPS
system has been in place for a
long period of time and has
come to be relied on for many
commercial purposes.

21.  The technology is very power hungry, most systems
will only last 8-12 hours before needing a battery
replacement or recharge.
 The GPS signal is unable to pass through solid
structures so is unable to work.
 Can be affected by large buildings and is typically
unreliable in CBD areas.