Physio practical urinalysis DETECTION OF CHLORIDE SALT AND DETECTION OF SULPHATE SALT IN URINE

1. Urinalysis: Detection of Ca+
,Cl-
,and SO4
URINALYSIS
DETECTION OF CHLORIDE SALT:
Silver Nitrate Test
Principle: The chlorides in urine form white precipitates with silver (silver chloride) in the
presence of nitric acid and silver nitrate.
Pathophysiology: Low function of the adrenal glands, inflammation of the kidney that results in
salt loss, polyuria, and too much salt in the diet can lead to high chloride level in urine while
Cushing syndrome, decreased salt intake, fluid loss that occurs with diarrhea, vomiting and
sweating can reduce the chloride excretion in urine.
Method: Take two test tubes and mark them control and test. Add 2ml dH2O in “control” test
tube and 2ml urine in “test” test tube. Add 0.5ml nitric acid in both test tubes. In the end, add
1ml 0.05N silver nitrate in each test tube.
Observation: Formation of white precipitates after the test will detect the presence of chloride
salt in the urine sample.
DETECTION OF SULPHATE SALT:
Barium Chloride Test
Principle: Urinary sulphate reacts with barium chloride to form white precipitates of barium
sulphate.
Pathophysiology: Obstructive jaundice, hepatocellular jaundice, cyanide poisoning, and high
protein diet is the reason of high sulphate level in urine.
Method: Take two test tubes and mark them control and test. Add 3ml dH2O in control test tube
while 3ml of urine sample in test tube marked test. Add 1ml concentrated HCL in both test tubes.
Now pipette out 2ml 10% barium chloride in this solution.
Observation: Formation of white precipitates after the test will detect the presence of sulphate
salt in the urine sample.