1. Project Title-
Indigenous portable EMI/EMC Test set up for electronic
instruments
Presented By:
1.Rhutuja Sahane(45)
2.Aditya Selokar(50)
3.Atul Wankhede(64)
Guided By:Mrs S.P Gopnarayan
Department Of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Project Presentation -2
2. Introduction
• We are surrounded by radiation. Sun, earth emits radiation, which is considered as natural radiation,
then there is man-made or technological radiation. We are living with the radiation but some of
them are hazardous for us, let's look at each of them. Basically, Radiation is categorized as Ionizing
radiation & non-ionizing radiation, based on their properties. Ionizing radiation is capable of making
molecular changes i.e., it can separate electron from atom whereas non-ionizing is not able to
separate electron from the atom. Gamma rays, gamma guns, alpha are examples of ionizing
radiation. But this thesis mainly deals with non-ionizing radiation. So, let's discuss it further.
Electromotive force generates electromagnetic radiation, or we can say that Electromagnetic fields
(EMFs) are created by electric power charges. There are two types of fields – electric fields which
result from the strength (voltage) of the charge and magnetic fields which result from the motion
(amperage) of the charge. A stationary charge will produce only an electric field in the surrounding
space. If the charge is moving, a magnetic field is also produced. The mutual interaction of electric
and magnetic fields produces an electromagnetic field. EMFs are also created whenever an electrical
appliance is connected to the mains supply, including many in daily use such as refrigerators,
hairdryers, and computers. Many electrical appliances do not just create EM fields – they rely on EMF
(Electromagnetic fields)F to work.
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3. • Television and radio, mobile and cordless phones, remote control handsets, baby monitors and the
communication systems used by emergency services all communicate using Radio Frequency EM
fields. So do wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, which is increasingly used by computer networks, to
connect to the Internet. Radio communications are a part of everyday life in today's society. All radio
communication systems utilize EMF in the radiofrequency (RF) part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Typical background EMF levels from radio communications systems are exceptionally low and well
below safety guidelines. So, till now we have this basic idea that radiations are everywhere around us
and after a limit they are hazardous to us, let's not discuss about ionizing radiation since they can kill a
person as well but if we consider the non-ionizing radiation, it can be hazardous as well after a limit.
People living near power lines or people working with high radiations can experience symptoms such
as nausea, headache. It comes under the category of occupational diseases in medical sciences where
radiologists also suffer from cancer due to working with gamma gun & high radiations, if proper care is
not taken.
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5. Literature survey
• The title of this project is “Indigenous portable EMI/EMC Test set up for electronic instruments”, now
as the name suggests we have decided to design a kit which will be able to measure EMI and EMC of
electronic instruments and most importantly this kit should be portable and mobile.
• We know that we are surrounded by radiations, radiations are everywhere and there are some
natural sources of radiations as well like the Sun and earth. But, these radiations are not our cause of
concern till the late 90’s.
• The decade of 90’s have evolved technology in many ways and with upcoming technology and
equipments the problem of radiation started aring. The radiations were of different types but there
we were dealing tithe two things mainly the E-field and the H-field.
• As the values of radiation starting rising the main problem that we encounter was the problem of
interference where the high radiations were interfering with the working or mechanism of other
equipment causing unwanted results and malfunctions as well.
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6. • You might wonder how serios this issue is but let us consider the pace maker equipment, can you
realize what will happen when there will be interference with the working of pace maker equipment.
Can you imagine the interference with altimeter inside a plane?
• These things can cause unwanted results and so are not desirable to the mankind.
• But is it just the interference of E-field and H-field? Many effects of high radiations were observed on
ecology and humans as well. Research is still going on to devaluate the radiation values.
• Now as per title of the dissertation work we have to develop a testing kit which should be portable,
earlier than this the testing of EMI/EMC is carried inside the lab in closed chamber. In this thesis we
have measure the values remotely.
• There are some standard government bodies which deals with the ideal values of radiations like TRAI
which have decided that in India the value of SAR should be 1.6 W/kg. In case of the E-field and H-
field radiations as per CISPER the standard values have been decided which is referred by
manufacturer before manufacturing the electronic equipment's.
• The principle of shielding is also currently being used in many equipment's which emits high values
of E-field and H-field.
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7. • Metal is the preferred material for radiation shielding. The reason is that lead is highly effective in
providing protection from sources of radiation. Because of this, it is the standard used in the design
of radiation protection systems.
• Electronic devices may produce any magnetic interference in the environment. Every device emits
EMI, but the EMC standards of the country regulate this emission. The regulation can be varied
according to different countries. In the USA, EMC standards are defined by FCC (Federal
Communications Commission). In, Canada the EMC standard is regulated by Industry Canada.
• An EMI test is required to bring a new product to market. This test ensures that the device does not
emit any harmful electromagnetic field or harm any other device due to its interference.
• Below are some of the most common tests performed by the EMC lab on devices.
• 1. Radiated Emission
• 2. Conducted Emission
• 3. Flicker
• 4. Harmonic Test
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8. Problem Statement
• Nearly 13 percent of people in India are living in the vicinity of pylons and
it leads to macro level changes to human body. Everyone is surrounded by
radiation be it electromagnetic radiation or particularly RF waves. To a
certain extent they are hazardous to us. Debate is going on the topic of
whether this radiation is carcinogenic or not.
• While considering the face and macro level effects on the human body and
ecology I have taken it as a motivation to work on this project. I genuinely
believe that this project will serve as a contribution to our society. The
problem statement of this project is “Indigenous portable EMI/EMC Test
set up for electronic instruments.”
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9. Aim & Objectives
Aim:
• Objectives:
• To study effects of electromagnetic and RF radiation.
• To measure E-field and H-field emitted by various devices.
• To simulate and study the field.
• To find an optimal way to reduce electromagnetic and RF radiation.
• To Reduce Cell tower radiation.
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10. Methodology
• In the system basically we are aligned with two purposes, firstly we have to measure and evaluate the E-
Field and H-Field radiation near different devices.
• We have check EMI and EMC for electronic instruments and for this purpose we have developed an
indigenous testing kit. Which is shown as follows-
• Radiation will vary from device to device and we have implemented some measures and techniques at
various places to devaluate it.
• Working of Circuit-
• This circuit is used to testing the values of E-field radiations and these values will be measured using a
multimeter at the output terminal of the circuit. It contains BC109C transistor.
• The output signal from the op-amp is an AC voltage at the frequency of the electromagnetic field. This
voltage is additionally amplified by the BC109C transistor, before being full wave rectified and fed to the
meter circuit. The meter is a small dc panel meter with an FSD of 250uA. Rectification takes place via
diodes, meter, and capacitor.
• E-field detecting circuit-
• The following ciruit is designed so as to detect the E-field above 200 V/m.
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11. • circuit consist of helical antenna, power supply, buzzer, capacitor and
resistor along with IC.
• SO basically flux induced by the source is detect by the antenna and the
give to the IC which is working here as op-amp and the gain in this case
is really high.
• In order to reduce the gain the R-C circuit is used and if the value of E-
field is detected above 200 V/m the buzzers rings stating it as
hazardous.
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13. Conclusion
• By using the aluminum shield, we can minimize electromagnetic radiation, blended alloys are more effective
than pure metals for devaluation of radiation. Plants like aloe-Vera and cacti absorb radiation, so it is suggested
to use them in the places where radiation is present.
• We have taken measurements of E-field and H-field in the vicinity of Aloe Vera and readers can see the
difference in values of E-field, other plants like a spider plant, rubber plant, the stone lotus flower can be used
indoors to reduce ELF radiations as well.
• From the dissertation and the results we can conclude that the E-field and H-field circuit and measure and warn
us about the radiation values. Where the values are high we have used the shielding principle and the values
were changed and reduced upto some extend using this shielding technique.
• We have used material of copper and aluminum for shielding of H-field and E-field respectively.
• We cannot minimize the radiation to zero but we can definitely reduce them and this has been proven in the
thesis and we can test the EMI/EMC using the testing kit.
• There are different ways and devices available in society to measure the values of EMI/EMC and many
international organizations have also defined the standard values but the testing kit developed in this
dissertation work measures the compatibility and interference remotely, it also warns the user if it is not
compatible or if the values of E-Field and H-Field radiations are too high. The shielding technique which we have
used in this dissertation work has also proved to be successful in order to devalue the values of radiation.
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14. References
• 1. HPS specialist in radiation protection
• 2. L. Ma, J. Bi and Y. Wang, "A new electromagnetic radiation emission test system," 2019 IEEE 6th International Symposium on
Electromagnetic Compatibility (ISEMC), 2019, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/ISEMC48616.2019.8986066.
• 3. W. Zhang, G. Song, Q. Zhao and X. Qi, "Discussion of measurement and evaluation of the radiation hazard of personal in
mixed field," 2020 6th Global Electromagnetic Compatibility Conference (GEMCCON), 2020, pp. 1-4, doi:
10.1109/GEMCCON50979.2020.9456679.
• 4. https://tarangsanchar.gov.in/EMFPortal/pdf/EMF%20Overview_PublicPortal.pdf
• 5. A. Baheti, G. Kumar and M. Mehta, "Hand held measuring equipment for ELF-EMF," 2011 IEEE International Symposium on
Medical Measurements and Applications, 2011, pp. 115-118, doi: 10.1109/MeMeA.2011.5966682.
• 6. K. Rajeswara Rao, K. Suryanarayana and K. Nageshwara Rao, "EMI/EMC control methods during design and development of
an airborne system. A case study," Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and
Compatibility, 1999, pp. 193-196, doi: 10.1109/ICEMIC.1999.871626.
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