result management system report for college project
Rdbms vs. no sql
1. RDBMS Vs. NoSQL
SQL Database
SQL Standard
SQL Characterstics
SQL Database Example
NoSQL Database
NoSQL Database Definition
General Characterstics
NoSQL Database Example
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2. What is RDBMS
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.
Relational Database Management System stores data in the form of rows and columns
RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems like MS SQL Server,
IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access.
A relational database has following major components:
Table, Record / Tuple, Field & Column /Attribute.
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3. SQl Charachteristics
Data stored in columns and tables
Relationships represented by data
Data Manipulation Language
Data Definition Language
Transactions
Abstraction from physical layer
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4. Transactions – ACID Properties
Atomic – All of the work in a transaction completes (commit) or none of it completes
Consistent – A transaction transforms the database from one consistent state to another
consistent State. Consistency is defined in terms of constraints.
Isolated – The results of any changes made during a transaction are not visible until the
transaction has committed.
Durable – The results of a committed transaction survive failures
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5. Example of SQL /RDBMS
Oracle: An object-relational database management system (DBMS) that is written in the C++ language.
IBM DB2: A family of database server products from IBM.
Sybase: A relational database server product for businesses that is primarily used on the Unix operating
system.
MS SQL Server: An RDBMS for enterprise-level databases that supports both SQL and NoSQL
architectures. MS SQL Server was developed by Microsoft.
Maria DB: An enhanced, drop-in version of MySQL.
PostgreSQL: An enterprise-level, object-relational DBMS that uses procedural languages such as Perl and
Python in addition to SQL-level code.
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6. Limitation of SQL
Scalability: Users have to scale relational database on powerful servers that are expensive
and difficult to handle. To scale relational database it has to be distributed on to multiple
servers. Handling tables across different servers is a chaos.
Complexity: In SQL server’s data has to fit into tables anyhow. If your data doesn’t fit
into tables, then you need to design your database structure that will be complex and again
difficult to handle.
RDBMS is a great tool for solving ACID problems when data validity is crucial, when you
need to support dynamic queries.
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7. NoSQL Introduction
No SQL stands for Not only Sql.
Next Generation Databases mostly addressing some of the points: being non-relational, distributed,
opensource and horizontal scalable.
The original intention has been modern web-scale databases.
The movement began early 2009 and is growing rapidly. Often more characteristics apply as: schema-
free,easy replication support, simple API, eventually consistent / BASE (not ACID), a huge data
amount, and more
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8. NoSQL Database
MongoDB: The most popular open-source NoSQL system. MongoDB is a document-oriented
database that stores JSON-like documents in dynamic schemas. Craigslist, eBay, and Foursquare
use MongoDB.
CouchDB: An open source, web-oriented database developed by Apache. CouchDB uses the
JSON data exchange format to store its documents; JavaScript for indexing, combining, and
transforming documents; and HTTP for its API.
HBase: An open source Apache project that was developed as a part of Hadoop. HBase is a
column store database written in Java. It has capabilities similar to those that BigTable provides.
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9. Oracle NoSQL Database: Oracle’s NoSQL database.
Cassandra DB: A distributed database that excels at handling extremely large amounts of
structured data. Cassandra DB is also highly scalable. Cassandra DB was created at
Facebook. It is used by Instagram, Comcast, Apple, and Spotify.
Riak: An open source, key-value store database written in Erlang. Riak has built-in fault-
tolerance replication and automatic data distribution that enable it to offer excellent
performance.
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11. Architecture NoSql
It Consist Two Layer User Interface and
Data Modeling and Storage System
The key concepts of the NoSQL movement is to have DBs focus on the task of high-
performance scalable data storage, and provide low-level access to a data management
layer in a way that allows data management tasks to be conveniently written in the
programming language of choice rather than having data management logic spread across
Turing-complete application languages, SQL, and sometimes even DB-specific stored
procedure languages.
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12. NoSQL Distinguishing Characteristics
(Scalability) Large data volumes.
Flexibility (query handling ,eg.FB)
It is an unstructured way of storing data.
NoSQL databases are the collection of key-value pair, documents, graph databases or wide-
column stores which do not have any standard schema definitions that has to be adhered to.
It is highly and easily Scalable replication and distribution.
Queries need to return answers quickly
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13. • ACID transaction properties are not needed – BASE
• CAP Theorem
• Open source development
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15. Consistency
all nodes see the same data at the same time .
client perceives that a set of operations has occurred all at once .
More like Atomic in ACID transaction properties
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16. Availability
Node failures do not prevent survivors from continuing to operate .
Every operation must terminate in an intended Response.
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17. Partition Tolerance
The system continues to operate despite arbitrary message loss .
Operations will complete, even if individual components are unavailable.
But Not all of the C , A , P can be Satisfied Simultaneously
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19. NoSQL Database Types
There are a variety of types:
Column Store – Each storage block contains
Data from only one column
Document Store – stores documents made up of tagged elements
Key-Value Store – Hash table of keys
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20. Map Reduce
Technique for indexing and searching large data volumes
Two Phases, Map and Reduce
Map
Extract sets of Key-Value pairs from underlying data
Potentially in Parallel on multiple machines
Reduce
Merge and sort sets of Key-Value pairs
Results may be useful for other searches
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