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Gjysempercjellesit p-n dhe aplikimet
e tyre ne teknologjite e rinovueshme.
Gjysempercjellesit dhe bashkimi p-n .
Perse perdoren gjysempercjellesit ne aplikimet
e energjive te rinovueshme me shume se
materialet e tjera?
Aplikimet ne teknologjite e energjive te
rinovueshme .
Gjysemepercjellesit
 Gjysempercjellesit jane trupa te ngurte kristaline ose amorfe qe kane karakteristika
te vecanta elektrike.
 Rrezistenca eshte ne perpjestim te zhdrejte me temperaturen (ndryshe nga metal.)
 Keto karakteristika mund te ndryshojne me ante te shtimit ne to te pastertive.
The band gap represents the minimum
energy difference between the top of the
valence band and the bottom of the
conduction band, However, the top of the
valence band and the bottom of the
conduction band are not generally at the
same value of the electron momentum. In
a direct band gap semiconductor, the top
of the valence band and the bottom of the
conduction band occur at the same value of
momentum
In an indirect band gap semiconductor,
the maximum energy of the valence
band occurs at a different value of
momentum to the minimum in the
conduction band energy
Bandet direkte dhe indirekte
Pothuaj e gjithe energjia vjen nga fotoni (vektori vertikal), ndersa pothuaj i gjithe momenti vjen
nga fononi (vektori horizontal)
Each photon of energy E has momentum p = E / c
Llojet P dhe N te gjysempercjelleve
The PN Junction. How Diodes Work (English version).mp4The PN Junction. How Diodes Work (English version).mp4
Kalim i ngarkesave
per shkak te
difuzionit nga n-p
dhe anasjelltas rrit
gradualisht teprice
ng.(+) ne n dhe <.
Ky grumbullim
ngarkesash lidhet
me nje diference
potenciali qe
pengon kalimin e
metejshem te e-
dhe v+.
Arrihet ekuilibri.
Perse perdoren gjysempercjellesit
tek solar cells?
“Solar cells ” ose ndryshe qelizat foto-voltaike punojne sipas principit te
foto-efektit. Elementi te cilin mund ta “godasin ” fotonet mund te jete nje
percjelles, gjysempercjelles ose izolator.
Tek percjellesat energjia e marre nga fotonet eshte mese e mjaftueshme
per ti “derguar ” e- nga zona valentore ne ate te percjellshmerise , dhe tek
gjysempercjellsit gjithashtu kjo energji mjafton..
Edrites=h*c/λ
Edrites>Epercjells–Evalences
Pra kemi dy alternative per te zgjedhur :
gjysempercjellsit dhe percjellsit. Pse zgjedhim
pikerisht keto te paret?
Pergjigjja qendron ne pranine e fushes elektrike te
pranishme tek gjysempercjellsit.
Ne e dime qe elektronet e lira pa pranine e nje fushe elektrike nuk
formojne rryme elektrike , ato thjesht levizin ne menyre te crregullt.
Prania e kesaj fushe krijon levizijen e drejtuar te grimcave te ngarukuara qe
ne e quajme rryme elektrike.
Aplikimet e gjysempercjellesve ne teknologjite
energjive te rinovueshme te sotme dhe ato te
ardhshme
 Qeliza fotovoltaike
 Dritat LED
 Turbinat e eres
 Karikues diellore
 Lazera
 Makina Hibride
 Trena Hibride
 Aeroplane diellore
 Sondat dhe Anijet kozmike
 Te tjera
• “Nqse perdoren ne qeliza fotovolatike nanotuba te gjysempercjellesve
te rritur ne graphene , e njejta sasi energjise diellore do te
konvertohej ne energjie duke perdorur 1/10 e volumit te materialit qe
perdoren ne solar cells te perbera nga filmi I holle. Ne kete menyre
kursehet sasia e materialit te perdorur dhe studimet kane treguar
gjithashtu qe graphene ka nje vecori unike qe e rrit eficencen e solar
cells.
Qelizat Fotovoltaike
Qelizat fotovoltaike
LED
 Llambat e drites LED jane
superiore ne termat e eficences se
energjise , por jane me te
shtrenjte. Nanotubat prej karboni
te gjysempercjellesve mundesojne
furnizimin me LED per gjithe boten
sepse janë shumë më të lirë dhe
shumë më efikase duke qenë edhe
më të përpunueshëm dhe
peshojne më pak se llambat e
zakonshme
LED
Turbinat e eres
• Lidhja indirekte me rrjetin e turbinave te eres
• Konvertimi nga AC ne DC
• Kovertimi ne AC me frek . te percaktuar
Karikues diellor
 Portative
 Kontrollues intel ngarkimi
 Kinesis K3
 GeNNex Solar Cell 2
 Strawberry Tree , Serbia
Tipe karikuesish diellore
LAZERA
• Lazer Hapesinor
• Bazuar ne exp e nje ylli qe shuhet ne Star Wars
• Satelit me pasqyra qe do te vertitet rreth Tokes
• Me pas tufa e laserit I drejtohet Tokes dhe mblidhet nga panelet
diellore
•
Makina hibride
 Sistem panelesh per gjetjen e pozicionimit
te diellit
 Rekordi aktual I shpejtesise 140 km/h nga
Sunswift V , NSW University , Sydney ,
Australia ( 2014)
 Udhetimi me I gjate 36,220.5 km nga Power
Of One , Xof1, Ontario , Canada (2011)
Trena hibride
 Jane trena qe perdorin RESS
 Energji merret nga burimi I fuqise dhe frenimi
rigjenerues
 Se fundmi India po experimenton mundesine e
perdorimit te paneleve diellore ne trenat e saj per te
kufizuar ndotjen
 Sistemi I transportit Hyperloop
Aeroplan Diellor
• Solar Impulse 2 , Boeing 747
Sondat dhe Anijet kozmike
•
REFERENCATH T T P : / / I N H A B I TAT. C O M / TA G / S O L A R - P O W E R E D - T R A I N /
H T T P : / / I N H A B I TAT. C O M / E L O N - M U S K - TO - U N V E I L - H I G H - S P E E D -
H Y P E R L O O P - T R A I N - S Y S T E M - D E S I G N S - B Y - A U G U S T - 1 2 /
H T T P : / / W W W. D A I LY M A I L . C O. U K / I N D I A H O M E / I N D I A N E W S / A R T I C L E -
3 1 0 6 3 4 7 / I N D I A N - R A I L W AY S - T R I A L S - S O L A R - P O W E R E D - T R A I N S - H E L P - C U T -
P O L L U T I O N . H T M L
H T T P : / / W W W. G I Z M A G . C O M / S O L A R - C A R - W O R L D - D I S TA N C E -
R E C O R D / 1 1 3 3 2 /
H T T P : / / W W W. I B T I M E S . C O. U K / S PA C E - L A S E R - C O U L D - A N S W E R - O U R -
R E N E W A B L E - E N E R G Y - P R O B L E M S - S AY - U K - S C I E N T I S T S - 1 4 9 8 3 4 7
H T T P S : / / E N . W I K I P E D I A . O R G / W I K I / S O L A R _ C H A R G E R
H T T P : / / X N - - D R M S T R R E - 6 4 A D. D K / W P -
C O N T E N T / W I N D / M I L L E R / W I N D P O W E R % 2 0 W E B / E N / TO U R / W T R B / I N D I R E C T.
H T M
Ju faleminderit per
vemendjen!
Pergatitur nga :
Albana Nikolli
Altin Guberi
Besjana Nazeraj
Edla Zaganjori
Denis Bala
Dionisa Baku

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Mangalem project

  • 1. Gjysempercjellesit p-n dhe aplikimet e tyre ne teknologjite e rinovueshme.
  • 2. Gjysempercjellesit dhe bashkimi p-n . Perse perdoren gjysempercjellesit ne aplikimet e energjive te rinovueshme me shume se materialet e tjera? Aplikimet ne teknologjite e energjive te rinovueshme .
  • 3. Gjysemepercjellesit  Gjysempercjellesit jane trupa te ngurte kristaline ose amorfe qe kane karakteristika te vecanta elektrike.  Rrezistenca eshte ne perpjestim te zhdrejte me temperaturen (ndryshe nga metal.)  Keto karakteristika mund te ndryshojne me ante te shtimit ne to te pastertive.
  • 4. The band gap represents the minimum energy difference between the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band, However, the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band are not generally at the same value of the electron momentum. In a direct band gap semiconductor, the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band occur at the same value of momentum In an indirect band gap semiconductor, the maximum energy of the valence band occurs at a different value of momentum to the minimum in the conduction band energy
  • 5. Bandet direkte dhe indirekte Pothuaj e gjithe energjia vjen nga fotoni (vektori vertikal), ndersa pothuaj i gjithe momenti vjen nga fononi (vektori horizontal) Each photon of energy E has momentum p = E / c
  • 6. Llojet P dhe N te gjysempercjelleve
  • 7. The PN Junction. How Diodes Work (English version).mp4The PN Junction. How Diodes Work (English version).mp4 Kalim i ngarkesave per shkak te difuzionit nga n-p dhe anasjelltas rrit gradualisht teprice ng.(+) ne n dhe <. Ky grumbullim ngarkesash lidhet me nje diference potenciali qe pengon kalimin e metejshem te e- dhe v+. Arrihet ekuilibri.
  • 8.
  • 9. Perse perdoren gjysempercjellesit tek solar cells? “Solar cells ” ose ndryshe qelizat foto-voltaike punojne sipas principit te foto-efektit. Elementi te cilin mund ta “godasin ” fotonet mund te jete nje percjelles, gjysempercjelles ose izolator. Tek percjellesat energjia e marre nga fotonet eshte mese e mjaftueshme per ti “derguar ” e- nga zona valentore ne ate te percjellshmerise , dhe tek gjysempercjellsit gjithashtu kjo energji mjafton.. Edrites=h*c/λ Edrites>Epercjells–Evalences
  • 10. Pra kemi dy alternative per te zgjedhur : gjysempercjellsit dhe percjellsit. Pse zgjedhim pikerisht keto te paret?
  • 11. Pergjigjja qendron ne pranine e fushes elektrike te pranishme tek gjysempercjellsit. Ne e dime qe elektronet e lira pa pranine e nje fushe elektrike nuk formojne rryme elektrike , ato thjesht levizin ne menyre te crregullt. Prania e kesaj fushe krijon levizijen e drejtuar te grimcave te ngarukuara qe ne e quajme rryme elektrike.
  • 12. Aplikimet e gjysempercjellesve ne teknologjite energjive te rinovueshme te sotme dhe ato te ardhshme  Qeliza fotovoltaike  Dritat LED  Turbinat e eres  Karikues diellore  Lazera  Makina Hibride  Trena Hibride  Aeroplane diellore  Sondat dhe Anijet kozmike  Te tjera
  • 13. • “Nqse perdoren ne qeliza fotovolatike nanotuba te gjysempercjellesve te rritur ne graphene , e njejta sasi energjise diellore do te konvertohej ne energjie duke perdorur 1/10 e volumit te materialit qe perdoren ne solar cells te perbera nga filmi I holle. Ne kete menyre kursehet sasia e materialit te perdorur dhe studimet kane treguar gjithashtu qe graphene ka nje vecori unike qe e rrit eficencen e solar cells. Qelizat Fotovoltaike
  • 15. LED  Llambat e drites LED jane superiore ne termat e eficences se energjise , por jane me te shtrenjte. Nanotubat prej karboni te gjysempercjellesve mundesojne furnizimin me LED per gjithe boten sepse janë shumë më të lirë dhe shumë më efikase duke qenë edhe më të përpunueshëm dhe peshojne më pak se llambat e zakonshme
  • 16. LED
  • 17. Turbinat e eres • Lidhja indirekte me rrjetin e turbinave te eres • Konvertimi nga AC ne DC • Kovertimi ne AC me frek . te percaktuar
  • 18. Karikues diellor  Portative  Kontrollues intel ngarkimi  Kinesis K3  GeNNex Solar Cell 2  Strawberry Tree , Serbia
  • 20. LAZERA • Lazer Hapesinor • Bazuar ne exp e nje ylli qe shuhet ne Star Wars • Satelit me pasqyra qe do te vertitet rreth Tokes • Me pas tufa e laserit I drejtohet Tokes dhe mblidhet nga panelet diellore
  • 21.
  • 22. Makina hibride  Sistem panelesh per gjetjen e pozicionimit te diellit  Rekordi aktual I shpejtesise 140 km/h nga Sunswift V , NSW University , Sydney , Australia ( 2014)  Udhetimi me I gjate 36,220.5 km nga Power Of One , Xof1, Ontario , Canada (2011)
  • 23.
  • 24. Trena hibride  Jane trena qe perdorin RESS  Energji merret nga burimi I fuqise dhe frenimi rigjenerues  Se fundmi India po experimenton mundesine e perdorimit te paneleve diellore ne trenat e saj per te kufizuar ndotjen  Sistemi I transportit Hyperloop
  • 25.
  • 26. Aeroplan Diellor • Solar Impulse 2 , Boeing 747
  • 27. Sondat dhe Anijet kozmike
  • 28.
  • 29. REFERENCATH T T P : / / I N H A B I TAT. C O M / TA G / S O L A R - P O W E R E D - T R A I N / H T T P : / / I N H A B I TAT. C O M / E L O N - M U S K - TO - U N V E I L - H I G H - S P E E D - H Y P E R L O O P - T R A I N - S Y S T E M - D E S I G N S - B Y - A U G U S T - 1 2 / H T T P : / / W W W. D A I LY M A I L . C O. U K / I N D I A H O M E / I N D I A N E W S / A R T I C L E - 3 1 0 6 3 4 7 / I N D I A N - R A I L W AY S - T R I A L S - S O L A R - P O W E R E D - T R A I N S - H E L P - C U T - P O L L U T I O N . H T M L H T T P : / / W W W. G I Z M A G . C O M / S O L A R - C A R - W O R L D - D I S TA N C E - R E C O R D / 1 1 3 3 2 / H T T P : / / W W W. I B T I M E S . C O. U K / S PA C E - L A S E R - C O U L D - A N S W E R - O U R - R E N E W A B L E - E N E R G Y - P R O B L E M S - S AY - U K - S C I E N T I S T S - 1 4 9 8 3 4 7 H T T P S : / / E N . W I K I P E D I A . O R G / W I K I / S O L A R _ C H A R G E R H T T P : / / X N - - D R M S T R R E - 6 4 A D. D K / W P - C O N T E N T / W I N D / M I L L E R / W I N D P O W E R % 2 0 W E B / E N / TO U R / W T R B / I N D I R E C T. H T M
  • 30. Ju faleminderit per vemendjen! Pergatitur nga : Albana Nikolli Altin Guberi Besjana Nazeraj Edla Zaganjori Denis Bala Dionisa Baku