Question 10: Match each descriptor or statement in the question to the appropriate disease state listed below: 1. Asthma 6. Lactose intolerance 2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 7. Peptic ulcer disease 3. Diabetes mellitus 8. Pulmonary fibrosis 4. Emphysema 9. Respiratory distress of the newborn 5. Gastroesophageal reflux disease 10. Sleep apnea 1. Chronic inflammation of the airways that causes smooth muscle to be hyper-responsive to stimulants like viruses, allergens, cold air, etc., resulting in intermittent intense contractions that significantly increases airway resistance and impairs breathing. 2. Chronic lung condition in which neutrophils are drawn to the lungs due to inflammation resulting from exposure to irritant- induced agents. They produce proteases that break down the elastic and walls separating adjacent alveoli. Lung compliance is higher than normal and emptying the lungs is difficult. 3. Condition associated with hyposecretion of or hyporesponsiveness to the hormone vasopressin. Is considered "central" when due to hyposecretion in the hypothalamus and "peripheral" when due to hyporesponsiveness in the renal collecting ducts. 4. Condition in which open sores arise in the epithelial lining of the stomach and/or duodenum, causing pain and bleeding within the gastrointestinal tube. The condition usually arises due to chronic use of nonsteroidal anti- Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) or infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. 5. Digestive system disorder associated with incompetence of lower esophageal sphincter that separates the distal esophagus and the stomach. This allows stomach acids to spill upward into and damage the lower esophagus, causing pain typically referred to as "heartburn". 6. Digestive system disorder associated with reduced expression and activity of the brushborder enzyme that breaks down dietary "milk" sugars. These sugars cannot be absorbed from the gut tube and move to the colon where they are fermented by gut bacteria. symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, and occasional diarrhea. 7. Disease resulting from chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both. Airway inflammation collapses smaller airways, mucus increases airway resistance and blood is poorly oxygenated. 8. Pulmonary condition seen in many premature infants born before 27 weeks gestation. Type II alveolar cells are not fully functional and surfactant production is too low, making it extremely hard or impossible for the infants to inflate their lungs. 9. Restrictive lung disorder where a thickening of the diffusion barrier occurs that prevents alveolar expansion during inspiration. The condition is characterized by a decreased forced vital capacity but normal or near normal FEV1/FVC ratio..

1. Question 10: Match each descriptor or statement in the question to the appropriate disease state
listed below: 1. Asthma 6. Lactose intolerance 2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 7.
Peptic ulcer disease 3. Diabetes mellitus 8. Pulmonary fibrosis 4. Emphysema 9. Respiratory
distress of the newborn 5. Gastroesophageal reflux disease 10. Sleep apnea 1. Chronic
inflammation of the airways that causes smooth muscle to be hyper-responsive to stimulants like
viruses, allergens, cold air, etc., resulting in intermittent intense contractions that significantly
increases airway resistance and impairs breathing. 2. Chronic lung condition in which
neutrophils are drawn to the lungs due to inflammation resulting from exposure to irritant-
induced agents. They produce proteases that break down the elastic and walls separating adjacent
alveoli. Lung compliance is higher than normal and emptying the lungs is difficult. 3. Condition
associated with hyposecretion of or hyporesponsiveness to the hormone vasopressin. Is
considered "central" when due to hyposecretion in the hypothalamus and "peripheral" when due
to hyporesponsiveness in the renal collecting ducts. 4. Condition in which open sores arise in the
epithelial lining of the stomach and/or duodenum, causing pain and bleeding within the
gastrointestinal tube. The condition usually arises due to chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-
Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) or infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. 5. Digestive
system disorder associated with incompetence of lower esophageal sphincter that separates the
distal esophagus and the stomach. This allows stomach acids to spill upward into and damage the
lower esophagus, causing pain typically referred to as "heartburn". 6. Digestive system disorder
associated with reduced expression and activity of the brushborder enzyme that breaks down
dietary "milk" sugars. These sugars cannot be absorbed from the gut tube and move to the colon
where they are fermented by gut bacteria. symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating,
flatulence, and occasional diarrhea. 7. Disease resulting from chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or
both. Airway inflammation collapses smaller airways, mucus increases airway resistance and
blood is poorly oxygenated. 8. Pulmonary condition seen in many premature infants born before
27 weeks gestation. Type II alveolar cells are not fully functional and surfactant production is too
low, making it extremely hard or impossible for the infants to inflate their lungs. 9. Restrictive
lung disorder where a thickening of the diffusion barrier occurs that prevents alveolar expansion
during inspiration. The condition is characterized by a decreased forced vital capacity but normal
or near normal FEV1/FVC ratio.