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Mygen Training November 2010
- 2. Kyocera and MyGen Training November 2010
- 16. Photovoltaics 101: Physics of the Photovoltaic Effect The photons are absorbed into the junction, which pushes electrons in the silicon out of the way ( See illustration ). If enough photons are absorbed, the electrons are pushed past the junction and flow freely to an external circuit. When converted to Alternating Current electricity using what is called an inverter, this energy can be used to power anything that uses electricity.
- 17. ○ ○ ○ ○ Kyocera Quality & High Efficiency Casting Cutting Wafer Slicing Solar cells Solar modules Silicon Vertical integration ⇒ Aims to maximize conversion efficiencies with optimization in all production processes Improvement of conversion efficiencies Improvement of crystalline quality Impurity contamination measures Optimization of slicing conditions Thinner wafers Improvement in quality of sliced material Passivation Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) technology High sheet resistance emitters Improvement of contact metal Optimization of material Optimization of Fabrication process VERTICAL INTEGRATION
- 19. Degradation factors (up to): Temperature 12% Soiling 7% Wiring losses 5% Inverter conversion 6% Incorrect tilt 3% SHADING ??%
- 20. Sample of diode function 33% Power Loss 33% Power Loss 100% Power Loss Photovoltaics 101: Cell and Module Construction Effects of shading on cell strings and PV Modules
- 25. Source: IREC PV Growth Opportunities This rapid growth places the U.S. behind Germany and Spain as the 3 rd largest global demand center.
- 27. , !
- 28. Kyocera is a producer of high tech solutions in 8 major categories: - Fine Ceramics - Semi-conductor parts - Applied Ceramic Products - Electronic Devices - Telecom Equipment - Information Equipment - Optical Equipment - Solar Energy 2009 Results: Sales: US$ 11.5B Employees : 59,514 Cash: $3.21B LT Debt: $.331B 51 Years No Loss As of December 31, 2009 KYOCERA: Company Overview Kyocera Corporate Headquarters: Kyoto, Japan Grid Tie PV Power System: 214 kW Array
- 30. Unit: B 1300 1000 500 Sales Revenue Operating Profit 1959 2010 2000 1990 1980 1970 FINANCE Economic Keep Profitable Operation Under Any Economic Situation Lehman Shock Oil Shock Economic Bubble Burst Plaza Accord Cuban Crisis Problem LONG TERM BASIS FINANCIAL STRENGTH 51 YEARS NO LOSS
- 31. Motto Respect the Divine & Love People Preserve the spirit to work fairly and honorably respecting people, our work, our company and our global community. Management Philosophy To coexist harmoniously with nature and society. Harmonious coexistence is the underlying foundation of all our business activities as we work to create a world of abundance and peace. Kazuo Inamori Founder and Chairman Emeritus KYOCERA Philosophy
- 32. Czech Republic Tijuana Tianjin Germany Brazil Australia Singapore China, Beijing Japan Sales Offices Yokkaichi & Yasu Arizona S-Korea Italy India France KYOCERA Solar : Key Benefits Global Production and Sales Module Production Facilities- 1GW Capacity Worldwide San Diego
- 33. KYOCERA Solar North American Headquarters and Production (KSI) Headquartered in Scottsdale, AZ, with regional sales affiliates in the Americas and Australia President : Steve Hill KYOCERA Mexicana, S.A. de C.V. (KMX) Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico 2010 Production Capacity 250 MW 2011 Production Capacity 350-400 MW San Diego Manufacturing New Production Line Opened June 2010
- 34. Diverse Applications Water Treatment Plant Remote Wireless Networking Site 13MW Solar Field Refrigerated Medical Transporter Commercial Residential
- 35. FY 550MW 400MW 300MW 650MW KYOCERA: Production 1GW Unit : MW Yasu Cell Plant – 650MW Road to GW Production
- 38. 25 YEARS Sakura Solar Center Established ： 1984 【 Location 】 Sakura City, Chiba Prefecture 【 System 】 43kW Grid-tie 1,016 Modules 【 Ave. Temperature 】 14.2 deg c REAL DATA BY FIELD TEST
- 39. KYOCERA: Proven Performance Duration – 1984 to 2009 Avg. Temp. - 14.2 deg C Annual Solar Irradiation - 1,824.7hrs Harsh Environmental Conditions High Humidity 43kW Grid-tie System 1,016 Modules Established 1984 Kyocera can prove with actual data that it exceeds its performance warranty. Kyocera Sakura Center Pm Degradation (%) ▲ 4.0% 8.0% ▲ Time (year) 5 10 15 20 0.0% 10.0% ▲ 6.0% ▲ 2.0% ▲ Long Term Reliability is Validated 12.0% ▲ 14.0% ▲ 25 ▲ 9.6 % ▲ 4.0%
- 40. Benchmarking Competitor Module Many Micro Cracks Over Time Micro Cracks Propagate Cause Hot Spot, Degradation KYOCERA: Quality 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 72 71 70 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 72 71 70 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
- 41. KYOCERA (Multicrystalline Module) No Micro Cracks No Change Over Time High Performance and Reliability KYOCERA: Quality
- 42. 60cell Mo 2 Support Bar BENCH MARK 72cell Mo No Support Bar KYOCERA 60cell Mo 2 Support Bar No Crack After Load 2400Pa Test Japanese Chinese Manufacturer Manufacturer 12 Crack Cells 21 Crack Cells 12 Crack Cells
- 43. KYOCERA CELL STRENGTH Reactive Ion Etching ( R.I.E. ) R.I.E. Chemical Kyocera Patented 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Wavelength [nm] 25 20 15 10 5 0 Surface Reflectance [%] Chemical Etching R.I.E. Etching Conventional
- 44. KYOCERA CELL STRENGTH Three Bus Bar ( 3.B.B. ) 3.B.B. Feature -> Bus Bar Finer Expand light-receiving area Decrease Resistance + Developed by Kyocera 『 Kyocera Patent Pending 』 More Active Area Less Resistance The World First 3.B.B. Help the Capture of Electricity Generated any Area HIGH EFFICENCY
- 45. Mechanical Load Testing We don’t buckle under pressure !
- 46. Glass Breakage Deformation Cu Ribbon Peel Off Cell Crack Detachment Degradation/Leakage Low Durability Degradation/Hot Spot Degradation/Leakage Module Breakage Disconnection Degradation Glass Crash Peel Off Degradation/Leakage Glass Frame String Back Sheet Junction FMEA 1 2 3 4 5 Box Diode 6 Cell Crack Possible Failures & Effect Analysis Factors Causes Possible Failures KYOCERA DESIGN PROCESS Temperature Temperature Temperature Vibration Vibration Load Vibration Load Vibration Load Vibration Humidity Penetration
- 47. Vibration Load Analysis Temperature VS. TEMPERATURE 1100kWh/m2 50degree C Wind: 0.1m/s High Low Temp. Simulation CAE 1/3 Model Analysis
- 48. Load Temperature Vibration Analysis Vibration Test Vertical Shake Vibration by Wind VS. VIBRATION Horizontal Shake Back & Forth Shake Disconnect Diode Frame Deformation
- 49. Load Temperature Vibration Analysis Vibration Test VS. VIBRATION Simulation Validation Test Condition: Long Term Repetition with Load Disconnect Diode Frame Deformation Cell Crack Destruction Test CAE TEST
- 50. VS. LOAD Vibration Temperature Analysis Load INSTALLATION MANUAL
- 51. 60CELL MODULE DESIGN 2 Support Bars Middle CAE No Crack Good No Support Bar NG 2400Pa Load Test
- 52. Japanese 60cell Mo 2 Support Bar BENCH MARK Chinese 72cell Mo KYOCERA 60cell Mo 2 Support Bar No Support Bar Manufacturer Manufacturer
- 53. Alice Springs kWh Comparison at Installation Site Operated by Desert Knowledge Australia Solar Centre Data is compiled by KYOCERA from Desert Knowledge Australia Solar Centre www.dkasolarcentre.com.au kWh Simulation Comparison Proof is in the performance NORTHERN TERRITORY
- 54. DKA (Desert Knowledge Australia) KYOCERA 2008/11 2010/4 2009/6 2009/1 2010/1 From 11/2008 To 04/2010 No.1!! DKA (Desert Knowledge Australia): Solar Center located center of Australia 2 7 6 5 4 3 KYOCERA BP (mono) BP (multi) Trina (mono) SunPower (BC) Alice Spring, Australia East Longitude Latitude 133.88 -23.8 Highest kWh/kW kWh Source: Desert Knowledge Australia
- 56. PRIUS Solar in 2009 in 2009 NEW PRODUCT
- 57. Solar BOAT in 2010 NEW PRODUCT
- 58. Kyocera Solar Grove PV Power System – Grid-Tie 235 kW Array San Diego, CA
- 59. Frito Lay AZ: SD Children’s Museum 96.4 kW PV Array
- 60. Frito Lay 201 kW PV array
- 61. Bern Football Stadium 1.35MW 2008 Stadium European WORLD CUP KYOCERA Solar Installation: ON-Grid Swiss
- 62. Coffee Break – 10 Minutes
- 66. MyGen Lineup Part Number 602631 602632 602633 602651 602634 602635 602636 System Name RESI 2520 RESI 4200 RESI 5040 RESI 7560 LC - 5000 LC - 10000 LC - 15000 Inverter PV Powered 2500-240 PV Powered 3500-240 PV Powered 4800-240 1 - PV Powered 2500-240 and 4800-240 PV Powered 4600-208 2 -PV Powered 4600-208 3 -PV Powered 4600-208 PTC (Watts) 2278 3796 4556 6834 4556 9111 13666 STC (Watts) 2520 4200 5040 7560 5040 10080 15120 Module/Qty KD210 / 12 KD210 / 20 KD210 / 24 KD210 / 36 KD210 / 24 KD210 / 48 KD210 / 72 Inverter Eff. 94.5% 95.5% 96.0% 95.5% 95.5% 95.5% 95.5% String QTY 1 X 12 2 X 10 2 X 12 3 X 12 2 x 12 4 X 12 6 X 12 = Residential = Lite Commercial
- 67. PV Source Circuit Array Sub-array Series of Modules Junction Box Combiner Box Transition Box Wet Box DC Disconnect Switch Inverter Power-Conditioning -Unit (PCU) AC Disconnect Switch Distribution Panel Sub-Panel Load Center * * Visible blade disconnect may be required by AHJ and dedicated kWh meter may be required for acceptable “revenue grade” metering. MyGen: System Overview System Block Diagram
- 71. 5 Steps to PV Systems
- 74. MyGen: Drawings Sheet 1: Single Line Diagram Sheet 2: Three Line Diagram Sheet 3: Array Wiring Diagram Drawing set available with Utility disconnect and dedicated kWh meter!
- 81. BINGHAMTON, NY
- 82. LOCKPORT, NY
- 83. CORTLAND, NY
- 107. Fall 2010 All Systems Distributing Product Overview and Training
- 112. Our value proposition to you
- 116. 2010 Residential Inverter Products PVP2000 PVP2500 PVP2800 PVP3000 PVP3500 PVP4600 PVP4800 PVP5200 Continuous Output Power 2000W 2500W 2800W 3000W 3500W 4600W 4800W 5200W AC Voltage (V) 240 240 208 240 240 208 240 240 CEC Efficiency 92% 94.5% 92% 93.5% 95.5% 95.5% 96% 96% Max AC Current (A) 9 11 13 13 15 23 21 23 MPPT Range (VDC) 115-450 140-450 180-450 170-450 200-450 205-450 200-450 240-450 Temp Range (°C) -25°C to 40° Dimensions (H” x W” X D”) 30 3/8 ”x 15 5/8” x 8 1/4" 35” x 18 1/8” x 8 5/8”
- 117. Residential Inverter Performance Monitoring
- 122. A complete solar monitoring solution - designed by solar professionals for solar professionals. Flexible, powerful, and now shipping with all Kyocera MyGen kits. DECK Confidential – January 2010 Kyocera MyGen Kits & DECK Monitoring
- 123. DECK Confidential – January 2010
- 126. Kyocera MyGen Admin Panel
- 130. MyGen Racking
- 133. 4 Module Building Block – Racking components : MyGen Racking Kits Item Quantity 168" 2.5” rail 2 Single Flange Connector 8 ENDCLAMP F 4 MIDCLAMP F 8 Rail Splice Bar 2 Lag Bolt 8 UGC-2 Module Grounding Clip 8 Beam Splice Grounding Clip 8 Grounding Lug Assembly 2 Anti-Seize Lubricant 1 MC4 Assembly Wrench/Tool 1 Cable Management Clip 8
- 137. MyGen Kit Options
- 138. Shingle Roof 3” stand off with aluminum flashing 3” stand off Oatey Flashing MyGen Kit Options
- 139. MyGen Kit Options Standing Seam Metal Roof AceClamp Jr mounts to the standing seams Ace Clamp jr Ace Clamps can directly attach to rails
- 140. Spanish Tile Roof 6” stand off with aluminum flashing stand off flashing MyGen Kit Options
- 144. Alternate attachment points MyGen: Mounting Structure Installation
- 150. Azimuth (Orientation) acceptable best South-Southeast to Southwest is preferred for best PV performance N - 0 ˚ MyGen: Site Selection http://www1.solmetric.com/tools/RoofAzimTool.htm# Azimuth Angle W - 270 ˚ S - 180 ˚ E - 90 ˚
- 151. Pitch (Tilt) acceptable best 15 ˚ to 35 ˚ (3:12 to 9:12) preferred for best PV performance Roofline Altitude Angle (Solar Elevation) Horizon MyGen: Site Selection
- 152. - Panel is fed from alternative PV source (NEC230-2(E)) - Panel is fed from alternative PV source (NEC230-2(E)) - Breaker is Back-fed (NEC690-64(B)) - AC System Operating Voltage, and Max Current (NEC690-54) - DC System Label - Voc, Vmp, Isc, Imp (NEC690-53) - DC High Voltage - J-Boxes and separate conduit/raceways - PV System Disconnect for Utility Use - if AC is required by utility (NEC690-14(C-2)) - Photovoltaic System Disconnect if remotely located (NEC690-14(D) and 705-10) - Warning on Disconnects – both sides energized (NEC690-17) - If Ground Fault is present metallic surfaces may be energized and ungrounded (NEC-690-4(C)) Solar PV Application: PV System Labels Don’t forget to personalize your company labels.
- 154. Solmetric Suneye http:// www.solmetric.com / Tools of the Trade
- 156. Tools of the Trade - Inverter Other tools to use on the job-site . . . □ Torpedo level □ Linesmen style pliers □ Channel locking pliers □ Insulated flat and Philips tipped screw drivers □ Hex head set □ Traditional screw driver set (non-insulated) □ Hole punch set ( to make holes in metal boxes) □ 10 AWG wire stripper □ 8 AWG wire stripper □ Multi meter □ ¾ Pipe bender □ Pipe reamer
- 157. Tools of the Trade - Safety Other tools to use on the job-site . . . Roof peak anchors rated to be used as part of a fall arrest system □ 35 to 50 feet of rope rated to be used as part of a fall arrest system □ 5 point full body harness with a D-ring in the front and back □ Rope grab or ascender that is rated to be used as part of a fall arrest system and is suited for the rope being used □ Shoes with good traction to be used to walk on roof surfaces, skate boarding shoes or anything else designed to grip asphalt surfaces □ Isolated shoes or boots to worn when doing any electrical connections □ Safety glasses □ Hard hats □ Work gloves □ Wide brimmed hat for sunny locales
- 160. It has been a pleasure . . . Thank you for your time today! Final Questions???
Editor's Notes
- Recorded sun hour data for particular locations is used to help approximate the energy produced by a module, as it is the energy from the sun that is converted to energy from the solar module. The amount of Sun Hours for one particular location differs from day to day. There are multiple Sun Hour data sources that slightly differ from one another. The U.S. Department of Energy and NASA have recorded this data for over 30 years and have calculated average daily sun hour data for most locations, which helps predict approximate yearly energy output for that location. This recorded data shows an approximate daily Sun Hour average of 6.5 hours throughout the year for the Southern Nevada location used in this example. The Sun Hours during the summer season average approximately 7.25 hours per day and the Sun Hours during the winter season average approximately 5.75 hours per day.10 These seasonal averages result in an average of approximately 6.5 Sun Hours per day (7.25 + 5.75 / 2 = 6.5). In order to estimate the yearly energy production of a solar module, one simply multiplies the estimated module energy output (from one sun hour exposure-1000W/m2 over one hour), 71 Watt hours AC in this case, by the amount of Sun Hours for the particular location, 6.5. This results in approximately 461 Watt hours AC per day or .461 kWh AC per day. When estimating yearly energy production, the estimated daily energy production, .461 kWh AC, is multiplied by the total number of days in the year, 365.This results in approximately 168 kWh AC energy production. One 100 Watt DC module can be reasonably expected to produce an average of approximately 168 kilowatt hours AC of energy per year under the specified conditions in this example.11 Sun Hours (Southern Nevada ~6.5 avg. daily sun hours); 461-Watt hours AC per day (71 Watt hours AC x 6.5); 168 kWh/year (.461 kWh/day x 365 days)
- この表は、京セラ 51 年の収益表となっております。 各年代にそれぞれ経済問題・経済変化が起こっておりますが、 51 年間一度も赤字を出さず、常に利益を出し続けられたのも皆様あってのことです。 本当にありがとうございます。 近年の金融危機の影響で売上は下落したものの、 すでに回復基調にあり、次なる発展へと邁進しております。 次、お願いします。
- 参考に他社のモジュールの荷重試験結果について見てみたいと思います。 60 直・ 54 直・ 72 直の他社モジュールに 2400Pa の荷重試験を実施致しました。 結果はご覧の通りです。中央よりのサポートバーが入っているモジュールでさえ、 クラックを発生させております。 この結果はいかにモジュールの設計が大事かを物語っております。 次、お願いします。
- 6 こちらは京セラの一番の特徴である Reactive Ion Etching の紹介です。 一般的には Chemical Etching という手法でセルの表面に低反射加工を施しますが、 京セラの場合、特殊なテクスチャーパターンを施すことにより、皆様ご存知の濃紺セルを製造しております。 右下図にあります、 RIE によるピラミッド型の特殊テクスチャーは京セラの特許となっており、 Chemical Etching テクスチャーとの差は左下の反射率比較グラフをご覧頂ければ一目瞭然かと思います。 この低反射セルが京セラの高効率製品を生み出す要となっております。 次、お願いします。 This figure shows the spectral reflectance of RIE and other textured surface without anti-reflection coating. Blue line is RIE texture, and this figure shows a SEM image of its surface structure. Red line is photolithografically defined wet etching, and this figure shows a SEM image of its surface structure . Light blue line is CZ texture. We can see that the surface reflectance by RIE is very low as compared with the previous structure by photolithografically defined wet etching. Moreover, RIE texture has lower reflectance as compared with CZ texture.
- こちらは 3 本バスバーの紹介となります。 今や太陽電池セルの主流は 2 本バスバーから 3 本バスバーへ移っておりますが、 その効率性に気づき、世界に先駆けて開発・導入したのが京セラであります。 ３本バスバーの効果は、受光面積を広げるための細線化と、 細線化に伴う抵抗値上昇の抑制を同時に実現させたことにあります。 この技術により変換効率は飛躍的にアップし、 競合メーカーも追随する形となりました。 次、お願いします。
- そこで京セラではモジュールの背面へサポートバーを設置し、 モジュールの耐荷重性能を補強することに致しました。 その結果が右側の図になります。 たわみの量は少なく、 モジュールにかかる負担も限りなく抑え、 その結果、 2400Pa の試験後でもセルクラック 0 枚という結果を得ることが出来ました。 次、お願いします。
- 参考に他社のモジュールの荷重試験結果について見てみたいと思います。 60 直・ 54 直・ 72 直の他社モジュールに 2400Pa の荷重試験を実施致しました。 結果はご覧の通りです。中央よりのサポートバーが入っているモジュールでさえ、 クラックを発生させております。 この結果はいかにモジュールの設計が大事かを物語っております。 次、お願いします。
- 太陽光発電システムの新しい用途開発による 新たな事業展開について、ご説明いたします。 このスライドは、５月１８日に発表されました、トヨタ自動車様が 世界に誇る最先端ハイブリッドカー「プリウス」です。 当社の太陽電池が、この最新型「プリウス」に、 オプション搭載されております。 トヨタ自動者様から、当社の太陽電池の高い信頼性と技術力の高さを 認めていただき、「新型プリウス技術表彰」の新規技術部門として、 表彰いただきました。 この「プリウス」への採用をＰＲ材料にして、住宅用システムの拡販に つなげてまいります。 また、この自動車への搭載を皮切りに、新たな用途開発によって、 太陽電池のビジネスをさらに拡大してまいります。
- 太陽光発電システムの新しい用途開発による 新たな事業展開について、ご説明いたします。 このスライドは、５月１８日に発表されました、トヨタ自動車様が 世界に誇る最先端ハイブリッドカー「プリウス」です。 当社の太陽電池が、この最新型「プリウス」に、 オプション搭載されております。 トヨタ自動者様から、当社の太陽電池の高い信頼性と技術力の高さを 認めていただき、「新型プリウス技術表彰」の新規技術部門として、 表彰いただきました。 この「プリウス」への採用をＰＲ材料にして、住宅用システムの拡販に つなげてまいります。 また、この自動車への搭載を皮切りに、新たな用途開発によって、 太陽電池のビジネスをさらに拡大してまいります。
- This shows an application for Football stadium of 1.35MW.
- Large Range of Inverters 9 models from 1100-5200w Installer Focused Feature Set Integrated Disconnect Wide DC Input Range UL-approved neutral-free installation Optimally Placed Knock-Outs Affordable and flexible data monitoring options First party mypvpower.com FST DECK World-class support 10 year warranty
- Large Range of Inverters 9 models from 1100-5200w Installer Focused Feature Set Integrated Disconnect Wide DC Input Range UL-approved neutral-free installation Optimally Placed Knock-Outs Affordable and flexible data monitoring options First party mypvpower.com FST DECK World-class support 10 year warranty
- Next, we have to have a way to speak about how the array is oriented to the roof. These terms get tossed around quite a bit, but in general, we talk about the run of the rails. North to South means rails run peak to gutter, and we call this High Profile. East to West means the rails run from eave to eave, also known as Low Profile. THIS IS NOT NECESSARILY REFERRING TO TILTED RACKS.
- Next three slides discuss the order and importance of the topics
- Next three slides discuss the order and importance of the topics
- Next three slides discuss the order and importance of the topics