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‫ﻟﻠﻔﻨﺎدق‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻲ‬ ‫واﻷداء‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﻜﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬
‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻤﺲ‬
Article  in  The Journal of Law and Economics · December 2020
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000-000 :o,,2020,O.:.rt)r .O.u..)r :Jitijb . )kr!)r it2!,
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The mediating role to employees empowerment in the relationship
between transformational leadership and the strategic performance
of five-star hotels in Saudi Arabia
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Keywords Abstract
The importance of applying modem leadership styles has increased, and this is due to
theb great importance in enhancing the competitive capabilities of that organization,
and trunsformational leadership is one of those styles. The importance of
transformational leadership has recently emerged especially in a rapidly changrng
business environment. The study aims to explore the mediating role of employees
empowerment in the relationship between transformational leadership and strategic
performance in live-star hotels in Saudi Arabia. To achieve the aim of the study, 741
questionnaires were distributed to a raDdom sample of managers in those hotels, and
524 questionnaires were anallzed. using SPSS v.24 and Amos v. 24. The resul* of the
study concluded that employees empowerment plays a partial mediating role in the
relatmnship between trunsfomational leadership and stntegic performance in five-
star hotels in Saudi Arabia.
transform ationa
I leadership,
employees
empowerment,
strategic
performance,
hotels, Saudi
Arabia
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h tP l/s,Bw. un i ! - soukahras. dren/pu bi icatiorr/anic Id256 I
20
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000-000 :ue ,2020'g )rtjr ,O .tI+Jr :..r;G)g . :t --,!)t ilaj"
2. Al-Asoufi, B. 8., & Akhorshaideh, A. H. O. (2017). The impact of employee
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الدور الوسيط لتمكين العاملين في العلاقة بين القيادة التحويلية والأداء الإستراتيجي للفنادق الخمس نجوم بالمملكة العربية السعودية

  • 1. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350616484 ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻨﺎدق‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻲ‬ ‫واﻷداء‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﻜﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻤﺲ‬ Article  in  The Journal of Law and Economics · December 2020 CITATIONS 0 READS 13 1 author: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Ethnic Tourism in India. A Case Study of Punjab View project Ali Alalmai Jazan University 14 PUBLICATIONS   2 CITATIONS    SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Ali Alalmai on 04 April 2021. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
  • 2. 000-000 :o,,2020,O.:.rt)r .O.u..)r :Jitijb . )kr!)r it2!, jiti,tJ )L.c:ill i.l*, Economics and law fournal ?y+ u..:Jt 6rLi,riU Fn+tJ:-.lr etr!9 ;=1,-1*-Jr 6rqitr - elyrl! ri ,.t t lt ,.<.rJ .la.rr! J.t l iJ-!r-Jl{ The mediating role to employees empowerment in the relationship between transformational leadership and the strategic performance of five-star hotels in Saudi Arabia iJ-r1n-Jl (r,,ljla i*.la ,iiL;alr AJt)! - JrL-, 5rr-,i ,tur"Jlr .r)tdt J+,.ji,,trl '4) l,&-{t I dt : J-:,t eJt, L-J/ +jJr/t r :4C! eJu LJI/ "(:jr/rrr :Jt-)!' gJtr crt-KJt i:aE Jl "er.JaJt ri.lLr- ;sill ;rl;ill .!&Ul o$.i olr!l ,s.:l:lJ:-)l .i!:Eill 1J.J,-Jl '',!'ill '";i,n ,J -'J^"sll t{iJ.Ai t! 6-.+ ln-l ,4:-ll ;:!i!l ll-li J*lj; i,.rl .::tsjl i.,lr-J-ill ;irill 1+ri a; riJ .J"t ill cE r-i i.l,-J,.:ll iJjll &rr .LLt ll .dht iaral.Etl t r..,Jl rJl .ir.'"<i.J dl i-!.plt . tr,r .-*.xl i!.J-, &ll i+ JL; i..-lL iFJ. p-l+ Lp.il ,i,.rliill ,.f ,#.. !r-yl ,t.:!9 i-,1,- r.:tl 'orlill oi, i-CLll ,J a.rLlrJl nbs,3! .'J yl:6-r .Amos v.24 3 spss v. 24 oalu2 elr1'.L'9Li!l 524 &l-3 Ft,drrl;ill i,L,J-3ll '.rlritl O+ rCIJl e t-.;'U*, L,.,-tJ dELlJl oES,i i,l dl i .!'rl ejl3i .irJr'J er+ epAll ..it lill ,..+ *-..;. - !;-)l "h!t5 Keywords Abstract The importance of applying modem leadership styles has increased, and this is due to theb great importance in enhancing the competitive capabilities of that organization, and trunsformational leadership is one of those styles. The importance of transformational leadership has recently emerged especially in a rapidly changrng business environment. The study aims to explore the mediating role of employees empowerment in the relationship between transformational leadership and strategic performance in live-star hotels in Saudi Arabia. To achieve the aim of the study, 741 questionnaires were distributed to a raDdom sample of managers in those hotels, and 524 questionnaires were anallzed. using SPSS v.24 and Amos v. 24. The resul* of the study concluded that employees empowerment plays a partial mediating role in the relatmnship between trunsfomational leadership and stntegic performance in five- star hotels in Saudi Arabia. transform ationa I leadership, employees empowerment, strategic performance, hotels, Saudi Arabia Lrf.ll .1 Joutaal Economics aDd law Univctsity of Souk AhlEs - Uaivdsita Mohan d C#rifMdsrrdt:, dc Soul-Arrrs h@ :/tuwv. Mi v- sot*thft' dz/ca,bublicztioD/articleD56 t .r$r ,5rr,lr .u, ,rb ,J-rrt ..rjJl ' (ELJ) .iyo9 rt"4ri)r al7, I ISSN:2602-678
  • 3. 012 -001 :ra lr-rijl li)Ulj rir'!:-.)r rrrltJ il,.JrEll i.:Hir J, iiy.ll ,i JJr'd' JS-rl Jr-.rt ,Jl +:fr-J! fF r,J.nll_e r:+ill eli{ &,ji .,3ll cir.blll.r ij.LJ , J+Xll L.,,- & i+ sr drt Ji!.ll di"'l r(Al-Romeedy, 2019 ) :*,itill ;:r;:t6 rr.c.p nLl,L^ll drlsr JLisjL .t -..JriSll .^t' e.!l 't4 ut-;l ,)lsir)! gl.r)l ,+'"J.il| 1rJ jJ". grp dL u,! d,t-l&lt g"l J!-* 6,i ,,,tt-i t.re, (.lht,i ,J! d .j+tt ,EeLtll dtll u"L u. e:ln*Yl ,jJ(+ yr .dt rll i++ ,rt 6t-!Ltl .:lE J.i-lr .(2019 ,gs;aerlt) i-l.].ll !Iri:..- C-r.., l+;rl cCl ,:.rri'itl ,.jl'ij i.ju:. .9 o.;:!il ,',L-. ,ii .'orliill ,,!ll-,i j cJ])J"l.{ 6YF i,;. ul :J.jElt .3!ilt LDi ,',,,- j!, iiil cJiLe .,rs 6:Sj-:".-5 .,.,pLlJl C,,6.i nlc rl;oYl ,J ,ylflb , *lull eIJ^ .,Jc ,S.;tt ;J2il1 J.L:i r-i i,t .:lt -o:l;i!l .u3-e .(2015 ..=.rrF,ll ) i.l- r3.,Jt JL{J .iLLll ,-liij .,.,1,lral gri-.,J a,Jii.lt r'J.-l Ol ,J d.fu .(Hunt and Fitzgerald, 2Ol3 ) qpl-:Yl ;n .tt ;)ir: dt li;srlt !,+}L-: (2016) +..., 0. JS Jt ii rir .(2015 ,slLll) i,l-iuilt rri!''r 6c:-e ra.;lc (,r.r t-. ipil i-ti.!l clil: d,rLlJl drr6"i 6l,l ^ p.J *rr e+llj JbtS JS-:..l 1l..i i.'1,,- -j-:ll i-r!ill al s{ (2014) ,r:!t iu..-:,1 r.L.6 iJ-*p:ll errr;tl oi ,J! (2018 ) ijJr+dr Jtii rx .lait.ul Jci.t d i..lJI ._.rlSaJ!gl.rr)l crlrt . pc:j i-l&lt &h I."UJI iJs.r,.. .1.1 Ll'h rp-2ls)I #Jnil 'lJj,n 6l,lLr 5i d.ll-.Li.ll d':tl-ttt 6:!i!l -L-:6j+L,: ..l "u1l _*. -;,:.ir.-ti... !i-Y I -il$!t J,,i.i. J ,i.,'.tjYl cr,.".i-l , t$l:l 6LJi..- JJ""siJ rirteliirll .t:!t ;55 ,,,gLlJl ars; ,.t' pt"r'o:!ill gr !-il lia ,;i t.s .or u, rt iJl+i3.". ir.,tlri-l d , ,!Jl ils.:,. o,-rl! dlli (Jlo ;EJ .{r-itnll l..jji. Lt$-t l+l ,j-;l t r i,Jar.ll .r-.. " ll-}t :,Jtill {r.".3-il g)3t*;ll "Ic Ll.)l 1Jl ,,.a i+r-Jl+ l-r+, ,-'".ill .9t,ilt u_-,,.. !r-,Yl ehYl j..,1"i dl itlrrr:ll ;.r!ilI .}+In t'rjp & flJ""J ':,i31 UJLLII rrrS.3 lF.J :flill _.s:ll + .-.j oY31.j ii):,Jl ,#,1.Jll j3t.':.I -;i,.r 9'rr_r-.1! p- u"all ,jpl.iill ,.1 #LlJl OrS"g,rlc' 1',1,.J,s1l| 'DrlJ:tl 6+ln jJJ & I f!r:-rl+rr>L!"all ,jptiill ,.J,#."]r-yl ot$t o:'it;LlJl 0rS"il j_Lcll:l& 2 g+r.-JLlr.+,,_-.Jl .j,.tiill ..Jqf-.-lr-yt "h!l +iJ-r,.ijt a.rl;ilt cx+Lt_rif & 3 L-!!!l i$l .2.1 'a.:!ill ul+',J.itJ.ll isx,ll ,irtn dlt iiiut 6l*..!.)Jll d.+ .ib 6i ,rs U5St i+.^l i,FSl ArS; oii 6J.itr.ll iilJl d.Uljj (Jilt .rnul crLl.rlt ";,+ ellir 6i US . aUUt ns,ir iir.J,.3ll il.ralll '.rljill ir=l'.-.).L..ll a.Cl..ll c,Ltn (Jjll inul grt..,!Jl (F+ clEa .rlt'< .rl$L O,LIJI Economics and Law Journal (ELJ) 2 toumal Ecoaomics zad Iaw Univctsity of Souk Ahras - Uaivctsitl Mohamcd Aaif Messsadit de Souk-Ahras h np :/ $t/w. un i v so,I*ahlas. drdt/pu blicatioi/artic Ie/2 56 I
  • 4. ISSN:2602-678 000-000 :ue ,2020,11r.rdt ,0 .r.la<)t :;iGJrr. . :r-cr!'1r aq.. '1.$l ,rl" :.L. -e.:ll i.rl+ill ,-lxLi -ii c{l.6 inL Llf .Ji o.j y iJS! .c,LLi.l1 . rr: ; ,l:!! dls& JJl-iill lriJ .flp LIS& c.,l Lt tl d ll-_r J>ni.S njLtll ,.,,S.i .r-r ,._r (JL !,.l ,rr.3. " !r-yl i.ll.,"J,.ill -!rt+ill ini -..;-l+ll iei,Jl &ls i3+- i*,D l+.r.lS i-,Llrll :r..ri c.'l+ til ir.1 .,rli . LJ. u tini.S ;1;Lul 0rS"i r_er.J ,rs a+J,r^.$+ il+i , ,,-ill rStSll .r:IF,) t ,l:!b i..!.it dtlll .3.1 r.ipt]ill d,#."lAyl 'h!!ro-,Ll-ll lt-s$g".JS+{.1,.J.1!l trL,itl JHi}n-ii FHls - .1i:.1-,,I+ p+., cl-All .q1r-Jlail+L,.-ill .1titt"-.,..!x)t ot"!l .JrOrLtrll O$"i-rl -itrt - ,t,#..!r-yl .t.r!6qt s:tt 6:!ill ,-,;oiflJl doELlJl i,S.6l..utl rdll !il.'-<1...1 - .ir rr- . Jl* aj+j uF".ill jaliill 4."!rJl d#.4.1 .tt-:- lt+ aJ+., u"Jl ,i,"l:ill d drLl,ll dS,3,r.lc 'llu-'tll 'orllill 6+k JjlE- I .i$3r-Jti p+. rF.ill 6rtriil u+1,.. U-Yl,l$t j"l d OJ.U| OcS,g pl.s 2 .+r,^Jtr rF LpJl 6:Wt "-.,_ lr-yt ,hU (JL i.rl5J!t 6:lr:lt O+ln _,;ig 3 .J+r,-Jt+r-e,1..,lr."ilt ;i-rt-ri!lu--r,..!:-)t cbh;;r:&';tt-rtl ;J.;ll ,r+E;jy 4 . LJ..U -'ri:l ,aLUl .lS.i :>.: f.,E$ JAfl .2 i.L.JriI 6.rglt .1.2 itli3.sll 6rt,r1t" I fJ+ .1.1.2 rii'; .s;lll "pill ,y otrr,...tl ,r! -,1r.rss. L j-.,;g; +.J,e iJr"Fl 'o.rl+ill p+r. -,cL 1- . ii)-i ,Jlc, Or.,-t+lt di:, Jr .(2016 .€.-.ll ) A+$i:il ''rbX ,J.6. dJr iJr-J|jll iJiill (2013) Guay , i-t-y.(20L7 .sl.ii.tl ) $ &ill ,:tci._r lj)iil ,Jl 6-.-r: l:g,i.,1,-.3,.i11 i.rlill .r-x=,ll 6 r,itl J.{ ,+:tll rulr jti.tl Slill lc-,.i (':ll d]ts. JJJI dt! ki + i.lI,.;Jll ;rlri,ll Cheung and .pl tx .dSs isJ,ill CL- j-i g. i1.-i^:tt dt tl -rrt-a., rdJtjsill .ijii Js& iE.,.:J .nr5,!rs '',jd iELLll e d.l,6ll .rs :3til1 a-,L., d qt,^nstt ;:l;ill ,.j (201I ) Wong d..L!,-l :.rt'u .i-.lii-ll r-2ll &!t J>x-yl .rtt'r(, 3{..-yi. ,J*il epi:! u"nnr rill ,r--_,., .ngjbl plal) _,r,-.. ,r+ +^rs.,lt irlJill Ol (sl (2010) tuaz and Haider JLil Urr .a;iLt.ll3 +t-3=)l i+U ,1. td:+Er! r;,t: i-ti^ll dl$l Lfoi.i, .i+ti ir i.-til a6sl.ul ,-ili,,l d,rLl,ll .tisiJ It ii g" Ls o,r i.rL- ^,sr!t 63lt:tt ,l (2018 ) . rrlul ,,-, -.pli!l .)+c, JSr ,o!lj + 6j].9 .!€FI (ELJ) ;iut9 )t4,!'Jr,.la, tourDzl F-roDomic$ end lzw U4ivctsity ofsouk Afua. - Unive$ite Moband Crradf Mcssadia de Souk-Ahrz. htlP:/,hww. w iv-s<*ahras. dz/dt/publ icatiod/aricbn 56, 3
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  • 6. ISSN:2602-678 000-000 :ue ,2020,11:.rtJt ,O .rladt :jiiijr_, . )tai)'r itz..'. '$*3r .iA.ll d O$Ut its 'U"ir ,ol:!l c.,lrri.". eJ sJ 4.1,.JF3ll i:lill .!+L: e)E _t .(201a ,qr!rJl) riY3 AbdEl Samie) iJlJl ,.r1,..r clJ-. u-liii! .e-ltiill rlilrb..*i,L. ,l I 'utl c.l*1i.". -2rts j . (and Fahmy, 20 I 5 :4rlrr.5ll i+ill rt+i .3.1.2 -rir:ll t'-9 .iJtu-1ll irl:ilt il..r', .t-j.-.,,.t1 clEa Oi (2016) Nazim and Mahmood _,,g.r .,Jtut ;- Ist, .i,usitl ili.L.,Yb .iJ.uill i-fli-yL ,,.,.t<J)l j+-l ,ri' fi-.rs.; :6lill 6K- rL:cllr_r,.-:,€le 5J;t ill-Jl ,J u4 ,,flrlYl ''Ji.tll- i Jiilb ,i..+Lr irli i;!8.,. C-u +.s: + 6JSl! .g-rtl dfi,el' O+:1Jt 6+.i.:3 ,fL+lt &X uJ-. jll i-,;tr-l dl .:qJl lil eir6; l-s .(2018 ..9 'r bn) i-.Ei.I {:+'+!+ ,(2015 ..ib-rll ) t ar.r: €Jl cjJl +rni q.u!, .e-Inlt qihAl cs- t-i.rrH!, jt.r.r. )l r-l d,L- 6i.,,J, .i#L..J! fEX! ;rt.i)t3 .Ji"rll ss o,,H! ljl6ll -Jrr uL .(2010 ,,.jli) i-,lsl-Yb ,*'rrn r1l.,.1,. .rs jS.I irJ-jll .Ll-".J _t+f :q.r_2ilt L-.rl&.il ,- ,-->ll d) _J*+ ,itl''(r .(Abd El Samis and palmy, 2015) l(35ils..r 6r.'++,i-r ,d.,I+lj-y 0r 4*lle 61.,Ji..- JEi-tl CHLIJI ',..iajr .i+fill *fl& rl-iayb ,s:tll rn,Jd + J+++ll ,i.'ill '!lc,!^r-$li!t il;i,-,:. g.(2015,dtJt :.c)a-tr..ll Ogt<.l ,$:ohU .(2014 ,.+!ll) r#l+L tS! rtc uu-q,q Jl ,+ rt-J+.tr ,JlS3.,)b gl.r)! !.,ptr.ll :-! ui-rirJ $till 'r*isi,Jl p :i.5stl !lt,-)lt 6 C-.,b.J)ill +6i:llj.-r:.s,-,.-;Li+ k+ &t'ilb.i-:1il dJS.i^!l os ,,S,rilf ,,ut.J rur; .(2015 .sl.Lll) selis akJl jL:! ,J iiat... tt alrilt _2tSi!t 6^ q.lJl ,Jlc l-.,S:t 4$L .i-Jai.ll Ji,ii- r i,.-tJl i-;Ull i.llJll Still dlXj.t ,JJ ",,+l :(JltiJt _rr:LlF J still pt$ ''Cl li. &+ t-.s.(2017 ,sJ"iit) cl*Lrlt ,}J ,*f .,lFy!, Jri$ C, up €J 4$b pl,n-Yl s.4rl[r t?r+ oI;S]t sEtt .+=,J ,selii e.U dJli d.lu. 1l (2017 .;t., uJl) in-11ll &Llrll iHs.t .2.2 OBt lrll O*9: loll^.1.2.2 ii..li 4il ;lc O,S;lt a1i ,Jl Ji,iJ O. dll+i .Orsdlt r.6n d-,'1 .rt!l: J.jll cr[_r_r ,-,;rr1 .j* S_l .(2020 .+-llr ' - 12020 .L.-F_Lr ii--;a) {.,rJh! 4r}j, lr*l *i +, * dltj^r .i;..l:,:- Joumal EcoDomict and Iiw UDive$ity of Souk Ahns - UDiversiti Mohaned Ch'nfMessaadia de Souk-An.7,s b dp ://www. Mi v- soukah]as.dz/eD/publ ication /articl.,O 56 I @LJ) ;yog :L.ii!! aJc.". 5
  • 7. 012 -001 :gr .J..rijl O)Li! r+?r!r.lt elrll, +-rr.rll A)bill .lEt ii).rl r, !,Jrull i,.<.:l -L.rrl ,Jl l:r'-J! tF ,ta+tin c.,l+Ijr c,aiillaj,-ilsel +o: qf Xsld! ,iLUlt d$Ht ei.ul c,L As"ill (2020) +-.,- iJg 4+itjll c-Dls^i.ll Jnr .[ei. lii.1o i',1_ j;Jl Ji"-ir ,lai$i+ i]iI,!r.,-t!ilt il$l q'i i{slrFi!, u. a. ,'u.ilsJ l-+ al+ll .,! ir.lJt OrLlJt e } O$nll Oi (2019) r*E qr.: .I.$=r--tr ,-.trlril Oc^lJl aEs"i o1 st(2020 ) . -. _,rr,.:.lJ-ll 6Jlr)t cl='l gr,41!s.- o-'*F dli,tn Jt-'l i+-,li. $r-u dl eilJttl+ id.r e1{- ot$ i.,.r.lt ,.c-:.3 roU.}J! cr!J,-ll g,aa 36.rt.Lc! g res.9 e+iilb'ti .rt' 6;UUt *.-,r$-9 .J+L-9,r-t^Jl c.,t,lL'r o aiK +i e 6Jh-Yl iF dis a, "r.,^F + .F.Jtr .i--liill j i-,jsJdlt t{.iir (ZOZO; rqbal et al. r"* t-* .iilL"ll i-Elt :tiil 'rL', .. "].-:3 ,*th il-._r tl. i!.UJl JiS"ilL rek rk* el+rX O$t :l crlr)Jl ,u.+ e t+Iti ir. * #l;d.,u dt! 9 +LLlt Oel.: ui (2020) g+*t!: (,),.!t Jj b+L ._jrl 'YJA d+ 6Jl-ryl rLi.r.a{l.+ i..-lJl .',1'!rill iliil d K_,,l.Llt, ,ftL. clri rJ'u-tl sr;LlJl ,-j.rUl er.:: r-allii r:-rt_f.,.!l qj"-i3 riC-lJl ,J"Jrt ,J 6j1-',JL uJ-J! 6Jr]! ",,iJl+ ;ilt i)rLlJl +ir .;rJd. llr"J-:is;:-, ri-ylr3 q.rL3 i.,l-L "-.rb.-, ,a.J-,.- JhG' i+ _lE! ci.ill-, .a,ihll i,tijl .c.,iirs.l5 -F!Fx aLl- OHLlrll &s.i i{Ll .2.2.2 . tS Jis.L exiJl t.re "ial3 s,r:l-ll ;rilt ,;. otipt.:lt (5r dELLlt ,6"i r:c- _x! iS_.11.i J,jl ^l'r t1 .$tr.,r+ai 6rtrjD (iJill glil: ip.i.rll ,.1Hl oL ,.,S- -lill -,rt, 9+-,i ,3tr 1, qrh)l Jsill $i ,J"iS ,l$lJt ,.S."i ,L.J .(2020 ,aJt3 :.- ) N:S.i ,Dr ir l.t:tr dr*Lt*II .'tr ,.':ll i-Li.ll .JJ il1 .t! fJl (,lc . ...: (JJt e..UUt ir &-iI Jt*-.C:.,-t- ,,':,-tt ;s.,6-lr.l-ri 1J S, .(2019 ,p-li ) LL, rl n+ (Jj (Jlrso iF dxi + d._,fo L: .ijs.ilt + :"-f Uj ;rS: Orl^lJl ,$"i r",ol Oi (2020) .i-.L:.ll cjits gts)l i..iit (5-,l-,I CEi^r fi- &1.c OJ.tJt ,.$; s,+ _ . '!,ill rliil cr!-,r.c rd a6l,Sl .JXr ir. AJ.l,Jl .:rU{- "Jn d a$t lt iS; pt*,r - .:r..iLilll i Lr ll cr!2ri pc.rr.3 .i-b^!l j iii'nlr-)l fur,"ll Jr*r _ .s+Jl *t;J d.rtri,". -'JLJ re*-i!e.r .l."sj: .JJLIJ! e*j,-ll 6_:_!l gt _ .'91:)l os 64i6-e ,i."J;:.lI O+lJl cyr ."rtr".; - irJLlJl Jh+ ..,L l"-U+ : r-t tl di OrLlJt ars,6 ,'.*l"i Oi ;)_ t (ZO2O ) ul+. _*a-r + ulr:lb ,isLl-Jl g.r! gtsr)! _1lSiJt -.,;rr*y.13 ,g!l 4+i q,J cr!*ijl e &t.t:ll 1:t *". J jsi J"' -iUL .CF.r,r-Jhll :uJxll J,J.i-. r .edlJ.r../ dHLLll ,i!nj-l .!tFi dli d. i.,,!- bl-12Jl j-)+ L. ri r'r ll i.rSto pe_tj',i-, ,i.,l- ji.".J! d&Ut rr-..dJ €+ orLtJt ,jsj OI (2020) Economics and Law Journal (ELJ) 6 lounal Economics aid Iaw University ofsouk 1Jrms - UniveBite Mohamed Cherif Messaadia de Souk-At ras h ttp lwslw. w i v- s ouk all,as.dre i/pubIic ation/ articIeD 5 6 I
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  • 16. ISSN:2602-678 000-000 ue ,2020 q )J.tJr ,O JaJr :JiGhJ. )1.:3ir il+, r r0.571, q5..,,:.- lr-) l 't:!t ,rlr i.,,1,- Jrsll 6rl.'ill Jii ,F..!i-'Yt'h!l ,L2-- lq:r.-J-, rF LFill Jrlrill ,C a,iLlJl JJS.5 * 'ltrr-.tt l"l+il1 -il ,.t1,+ t -ri .Jrliill dlE d Ul^Ut OS"l ,+ dl+Jl, -*l+.,Js+ -i, i,L.Fl 'orl+itl d#L] Oi (7) e_.,,1r". arA 6i:6r.%71.3 4+-ri irLtJl n+S"i dJl+L- :j'i: pr.r + lJl$-rll irl.r'.ll 6+li pt,J e.lF ,,-A t(2015 ) l:- t(20rS I Lp,At t(2O77 ) eE * ,js r."!,,., dJ ,'i y" l- 6. i+$ill Ibrahim and Ismail t(2012) Allameh et al t(2010 ) ,Ji.il t(2013 ) ar-,-t, ,r,,l+El! r(2014) .""ridt4 e3+.,r u-.ill O.rEill .,! d,JLlJl d!:6"i ,fic 4.rl.Js3ll UrUtt e;y ri;.r-:,'*J p-nr ,-,., ill ,-3.1s!1 ef s--. - !r-)l "t$t ot a1Lul ,''S"l ,:! i.-":tt,, Ui .drEill .48 ./ ,j++J]r*yl ,t$t o:' ,rl+Jlr _ril+ js.:1 _.1i1p irLlJl dis"6 JI (7 ) CJ (!"++ .0/o66.3 e-,."t s-.1.. !L)l l.lilji u. o+l:- ll+ Cr.: ,,'-ill .!:Ell os AI.lJl ,'uS"i -D J e+F t(2020 ) -p t(2020 ) cr!' t(2020 ) ao-t, pls i-,12.r +J. ! ,',1. ,: L e. i+icrlt 'JA 6ixr Nadeem et al. t(2017) Al-Asoufi and Akhorshaideh t(2013) Asgarsani et al. r(2019) jti drS; per.r 'J:lill qil3l u,-till i-:.- d+ L hAr .(2014) Marjani and Atizadeh r (2018) .'aJ!rJJ tts L!".ill .9:triI ,-F..l,i-Yl ol$l '"jn: d a$Ut irc-n :i+!JJ t_r..-, i---Jl jrtdl or #.. b,^"y t "l$t ,J' i,!..ilt i:trilt Jil+ Jl,ii L.,!. r .Jrl.iill .4hl ,#." !r*)l 't:!t oU g;u: _x!" Ji J, eJ,.J,..:!l 'DJjiil ,ji (7) dJ tJ::++ fEltl .lo67.l :r...,r s+i. - li*Yl la-,lri .1"".:.l -,1r.F .J jrEill dlE d ':ll-',tt islill .1+}n g.:a fr5 t(2016) Li et al. t(20121 Samad r(2014 )c.lrJt i*!r+r!-1,'r ,'r L6.i+riill o.re r.-qi!_, _i3p." d.,lill d.rll3Jl ",:-_rill i-... .',t'l L l:rr .(2019) Manzoor et al. ; (2018) Lashari and Rana ."i+.rr,....t11 fr- o"^i,ll dpEill .J..li-yl elr)t .,le e-r.lr. ^5,.:ll istgl ,..*k "h!b i.1,.J.ill 6r!il1 ; iIi..lt (5s d,JLlll ils.ll !-j 1.: .-r-._r (f,s 4$ll+ ul l- li,! qit iSS-y BOOTSTRAP ii,.$ LlJ.r ;!rEq raJ.U,'.Jr er+., ,,,"-Jl ;isuilt or ,#lr-yl u".Jl Grtiill d(t'..:..t -y' ot.$6a,l.r-:tt ;rtriil ;pi-el,.ll os'U;-j!5sOgUt Octslols ol$l) eEil u,..,"lb (+,t .:tt 6rl.'ill) diiJt *iJl o#..rt+^ll Jts iDul OI s-.3 .a;:!Lr ,:+ iCUl Oi LS . (arLl.ll ars"6) Lj ,rn 'Jii.! i.C*Jl ,"J _)J: elue 6i o:+ l:ej .:.,Ji,- (*+Sli-y I .L+ ,Jl $LX;-j+ !-j elu ei l'ri,.J hAr .i{i,- eul JEiiJtr dii...lt ,ri3"ll A-.li 6}f+.lt 'l$L i.lt,.Joill '6rlr:11 6+Li A* iD,ll d U->'U;-_r jy: aLUlf n-rs"i ,,..! dllj + ;liu + 4,t-Jrtll erlrill _;itrall J-i, Ji. Lll i.i! (nti :i3 .i;.r3*-Jl1 e_,+. , *.Jt .!.rEll ,rs (J.SJ]. . ]r*yl ,/ eAl-,J Al,ll nus."6 6i ,.;n l$3 .%55.4 +r,*..J! erFi ,..,J*"ill ,j,.tj6ll qf s+,,:!i-,)t ,h!l (ELJ);r,ut: .}r -3'rr i!F. Joutai Econonics and law Uniw,xity ofsouk Ahns - Universite Mohamei CherifMessaadia de Souk-Ah,as h tE :/tuaw. u11i v-soukzhns. d?/e n/pnb Iicati on/ articte/2S6 I 15
  • 17. 012 -001 :"," J.,**Jt 6rl,:ilJ rd!:-)t rtrlt, i.f,-rr,:lt ;.iLiJt ;,., iiy.Jt *,i f,Jrult d,"<.", J'+,r! ,r,t i.r-J! tja, Lr.Jill as.- &,':r L. lrAJ .%55.4 a;-i; ,+.. U-y! ot:!t, a.l.ro:lt 'a:l;ill ,-1y iN-ll i.r,ilJ +rJii ,t' +r'-Jl+ p- Lr.-ill ,!t$ll ,#.- lr-)l 'h!l jli": ,* ,rt -.tl l:!al J+L: -.;iia' cfiull C..lrl .'*J Jlill .;LlJl +S.i .r-r=. -l Economics and Law Journal (IiLJ) loumzl Economics ard IAw Univenity of Souk Ahns - Unive6ita Mohamed ChAf Messzadia de Souk-Ahras http://www. un i v- sou*ahfis- dzlerl/publ icatioD/znic IeD 56 1 l6 t#!-jr 4.*!Jl ClEj .4 dJL.Fl ir +dl * .fl .. Jt l"Ji" h'lril .61-!:.ll ; qtrr.ttt ;,3lritl {,,3i ,.$ * "p.iJl .!.rliill 6i 4 a-,5St ,'r. yi :i,r .crl-tt ll cl5 el$ d+LlJl i.5,; q+ u.,rrlb +$:ll ,,,ii:lt, ,rrtdYt 'eiJl j i-E&ll i*u!l u.t+t+ e;t: Jsii aJ.J.rilr 6rl:;lt d+L3 1+L- Jt+ p:+, orLut ,.,,6.+eF.s.rljitt dtEi)i '.,!it ,-.-.ri tx.irsil-elj:-y!,!:_,il! Lrri.y5,;13.11 ,kiLLe ''i.3r .ilLill drYL-t/l i'r,i_r ...,-cl -rll &lt Ji &ll ,.lf ers ,'l- ,e+b dS& 1+r 3ln_21 A-lpll ,'r,' 'li relli,* t_rl- .pt+2ri3 r6lJ.L!! &l+.).-!t u..'+ d tal uiLul ,r.F-, .+-r ,rrJUt r+lL .,il.rjll .*+ e if*.lt i*,,..!t .rt-,r.! o:Uill dlb ,,s,,.-rj.. !r-yl ol:!l gji."" Ct+:!: -*!^ titi "r-., .J i-,br!l ''J yl elU,J iiio)! 'i-.,li.lJl ,.alJ.,ll ;1, .,EI5 .ts.,.yt Ois"il e+L-r.",b -$L1" Jit .r-r-.-r ., ..u.;- .li-yl "bYb OcLLll Ou$ g.. 1.JS oJc i.,1,. r-:ll ;:r"ar db6"E ol d) 4*,!Jl ,'r y. ln-L .rl.ry...ll1 r-p., ,.*alt .lsEill os o.J..1,.,..,)f "b!l + O1L1J! o-Jl drtiill d ,Fplr-)l 'l$b 1*!1-1,.j!l 6:l;i!l ..21 iCr,Jt ,J G"j.'lJ.*, l1-1: ,,-! .;LtJl ..r+.J-.9,*Jr eJFj r,-i.ll t61 OrLuL Jal$ll 'oJh! ei.+ i*l!l o.,-j ietr .1. i-!Jt tul-l ,.J ur U "* G: 6L;l _,$ll jti:l crg.c ef O$Ut ,,t! :.! ,!n-b ,iiiblt '.+ilt !t"ti , , U-$ .:c r.l1,,;slt gr ir:lall cJ.1,;lJl ',J,6_r,LtLUl arS"il sl..,r -:cL". g!"c al:.,jlr ,r;+ tX.,..I,!.li!l elE _rr;t 8Ll.ri,J! dJlr)Jl u. iUJI OJ-UI e.l. ui+,rlls.&LuU Sl!l! ,.;r i,I:lr: 11 i-6ll ,L+l ,',+-J .2rSi JS,! OrLl,ll rYg ,-,,,. .,,1s, .L!it,.ll ,J rl.llSlt ,J 4r.ll+ll ,.-uolr.oll ,# fclJ"i3 ,+ ,# id+- L tJti+ .1+ urilSl l^.r rl+ll d 6,1iS JKI ael*s.r #Jl,-r #1,x,-: a1=r!1x.. >*l*j: u"l--Yl JJi l-. .CC-IJL slill ge ,1.,1y!e JKilt dbLi L.n e-+ s+l-,.J ,r+ilx aE +r: $til ,d -l.Lill ;ste) i+l- ato ri25! .a.L' *f *;:. +! pty*^i_e ,gglJl 1pJ i."6t$l 6elislt, 't.:i ; i-,;t iF r.,J.tt irrLLJt e+ tu_p _,6i, qo,rr.l, tCh$-b .i++liilt i,r-:Gnlt Jsli+I .JiJt -'.,J"tif iiLi^lt drl.rFi.l!, olYt C,A-, ,&Jl C_-. !.ll
  • 18. 000-000 :r, ,2020,O )J.rJr ,O J+Jr :-,itij! . )Lariil *, L..aJ e+lltrt-J i,,er, tl d,'(J'.n + ii#l,r4-,],,1"l) #..],;.,-,yt eh!!;!+ll , ttlS:i.Clc (2015) e.,J.J.tq,rJ .1 .6ji - i*il-,)l i-r-lill .iLill lls .6Jr.ii. JJ9 j."-. 1- i.lL-,1 ,(i* elli *f arelt. tl otsrlt ,Je iit-ry a,! :e)-Jl -rJ.r. iF s_.rnli-)l ,t.r!l .*a (2017) u." ,s.-!l .2 .805-781 r$ .-2.* - ii*.:"ilb a,,Jl+ll crl....!r.ll q^Lll ili ll .:Ji. ]rJl 6Jr,.+ll 4l;ilJ .e$ll 6JSl gs:Jl :l-iYl ,.1-1, u.,LtJl g:l 3h,)t+ atI).ej q.1l:)t O5"ilt (2019) o.lc ,qu...,yt .3 .206-173 ,214 ,'l];Jielil aL- rhiS-tJ (Jjl,--)l LIJr:jl tl,'I...1 ,.J,-,+si.Jl d$ (2013) &i ,OLJ--, :r.e r),-ll rg,Le ,,..dt .4 .6$t ,65C! ,inll e!ri! -,1b.(Amos) g,r.l eu-,;,1 dliJl ilL : . ,! { id"Ul F + tarL,L 'r'u-',tl iJJill rlsi-t j; (2014 ) eLr .c.,ldt .5 .6ji - iJ.)-yl i.,-lill .'Uli'.ll 4JS ,6Jr,,ii- JJ9 i."+L ilLJ .'s+-L^Jill (5,,J-yl i-19 :o-.,^.,J,"11 jt"ill dJirl d CcLUt O*S"; ir-J.. - 1.,;-,1 ;i IZOZO; .u-.o ,i-u...1.i3,r-j Op; ,d:-yp .6 ,(717 ,gl.{!, [*1-1!r 4*ltll drl.,]rJt il+- ._ri!+ll (J! gyL-ilt i,rtrilt drytsJl s., i#tr*. .437-473 crl*lrtl d O$ut ,',:6"q;l.JFrlt irtdill aol'o (2013 ) :.-i ,,,,!rt1, yLr ,++ ra-,.la: .;!lll .7 .774-733,(4)27 ,(4+L"ryl rj,ll) &LJlJ Cl+Jl ;..1+ il+. ,i). tUi ,,J iij+-,til1 +L-:iYl l:t tl ,Alt i,i+- ,,r--.,,:. . F-yl ,h!l dei.i (5! 4r^llinlt i-:.-lt *: (2017) d+l ,q.,+l+Jl .g .354-345 ,(1)14 .6!Fll - iirsl i.'-l+ - rL;sY! ilryt irls - L".rh)t-r i-!.r :i,-iLHl s;!t O6"i os i.;*,!t otoliSll pk-! g.. (2020 ) _rr ...r+,ll-, .r.-i ,,p-l,....,;+Jl .9 rt+rll i,-l+ it+. ,J-,.lt i,-L :t;I!t3 iJtryl Cts d O:LUr sylr C, irJ, ,W iJJ-l .265-246,(281t2 .i.r-21:) ! a::1,-:6, I,!,x i-,!: :.p!:qlt ,r--,:.. !-,)l ,l$t a)-.,,.ri ; ar.;frlt :Jfull erlc,! i*,,i rii (2016) Ot{+ .sjr.".ll .10 ,7 , ),-o^- i_-idb arlilll crt..,L,rll i.r-Lll iti -tl .iu.a.ll i*Hl cryl,-jyl tlJei (5t9' i"C#In .476-427 i,L.;r:ll ;.r!iI 4rrrl".Jill c.,I,-rrll+ 4i+rKfot 1el.r)l ol:lill 4^ul-.r- (2Ol2l;rL .,,!,,r1 .11 .6j+ J$U {.-l+ .i-...131 !it< ,elpi^i" -)".rr _rJ.,."}L AILJ .kii.n &. _r kju-r-_r 6L-t-slL aL.,,s/t 'l.,1y el.uc gJ,"--rjilll gt.'YL t$il.er 4J*jsill rL.'ilt (201g) ,* ,,Jl$Jit .rz .ti.!t ,rJ'tt {r"Jll . tJU i.,-L .i-ji-!l c.,L!$ i,r.rl iL-ll .cFt,,;rll .:' r'-,rn!!r ir_f.ll .39-1 .(71)33 (ELJ) ryut9 5, a-i!1 el5,. Jott nal EcoDomics and law Univesity ofsouk Al],€s - Universiti Mohaned AeifMessaadia de Souk-Ah,as h np flwew. u niv- s ook abras.dzlen hubIic atioD/ anicbn 5 6 t ISSN:2602-678 77
  • 19. 012 -0Ol :o, ,.r"^..rijt Jruil, ,.Fr'tr;-.)t 'trltJ +-JP.:lr 6:Lilr J, iilrll ri ,rl'J' i,$J Jr-"rr lJJr irr.-l! fr+, Economics and Law Journal (ELJ) l8 .!P tE d 1i.,+-,1il1 crL-lill ,,|f ,r.LUt .,5"e irl.".,s:ll 6-r!il1 ie,9 (2010 ) s.-l .,,,!rtl .13 .'d+ JU!| ,.'-.1+ ,i--Jill i;16 r'or-*ii. J|cn _,,6."+L iJL.,) i-t:..tt gtsj - ,1.".,J.11 .-,!.:'l .+ i.,-,,1-. - !i-yl i:lill J.; 6r,k r:l (2019 ) al-+ .g;rplt .14 .434-414,(2)3 .dt"c!b dtJl :l ".il ,rl-^ ,,iiL : .,Us i.u,^-.ll L(jelc,r it.rsrll Lrulr.ll 4)J! (,J 4+blrltl iilj;tb a.J!"r'.ill '.rt$ll (2017 ) ,..-. - rol..., Jl .19 dutiJN iJ-Cl A.er..-ll - i.-.-ii.ll iJ.rJl LJJill ,J+Jl ,t1;.I'..ll irillll iiLlJl dlrJ-+ .lgt_L66.-12,G ni rl ,o)!l _ ,-,,. -rr:lL 61s, ,+ +l,l i-,!f :aLut .*s:ll ,h1l j tnjl i-,1,. ^Fllt a:t",ilt (201G ) ,lrl :.,c ,,ibe;lt .1G .403-373 .(3)23 .t',ir<'l) iuliyl arUI A-!.JJI iL-ll ,9:3,...J1 g"""lXt gtJ"i q:ej.cri.L.J.ill "rt+t!U.c.,tlil-^ri.rr,igll uulJ"ll c.€>r"i*_21-.4+JJ(2015) ,'-- .sl.Lll .17 .'"ji - ijd-Yl i,,."li ll .:!.,.j311 4rlS .6JJ'.:,i. J-ri ':6."+L ilLJ .e+J.:l j*nll "Ul''!+ .li*r ,rnix eiJ;. Jl ' 'utl :,o-;.Ell alAj! +trll J.k!l ;-,., i-C},ll (2017 ) r-n roLi^lll 'lg .104-85 ,(7)2 ,+I,-:rib irh)t 6r.,bJb.:t--,1l i--rii^l u,,JiI i.,.t+:ti. ,,.,pti.ll glJ.ill c'ltsJ- ,/ 0C-lJl (,J IJ..iJl 0r6"ill "l'+-Stt 6.11r;tl _rll (2016) -r,^" .G+ii,lt .19 .238-273.(1)36 ,( '.-.) i.r;hYl i.;-iJl i.!-.,;Jl i-lii.ll -'UHN i-u.Jdl it .ll .ur-t,,Jl 44.+ .!+rSl 6lSJl d+ ,J ,#..]r-.,yt ,t.$l p.,;,61 €lnll JtLyt (2015 ) r+- .A{b i+^i .G--ll .20 .160-133 .2 ,Ul+l!, J-;I).l i+Lll iL-ll :,rn-Fll ol.$l p'.r + i.r.risl.Yt e)-rlt crlct-c UU Jil (2020 ) pl-+.g:;._j1, sj*s- r,,u-rl .2! ,olrLJl i.+r. irjl+ - JrEilb A--rJ ..ll qls il- .6jj&ll i.jl+-yb 1trlt3;eti$ !-rt lrJt .47-26 ,(t)4 .i,,'ju!l Oj^Lll d,lsJ.i .J rl.,ill ili,il i,il.e i+ti (5Il, ":t:r-.tt 6illitl j3i (2013 ) Jiils ,,)lt .ZZ .J"..,il dJ,^il1 i,'-l+, ,dLEll i..,,ls .-._)r^ii. Jr6 ,:,:."+L {lt9 irsi...lri-yl ,.-ihA!t Jri.i,/hjL4.,tJ,.jtbqbt$IO+e.nLJt aslil(2016))51 ,q'*,Jt.23 - id-)l ir-lill .iJlilll i$ .6J-di. JJc, _r#."+L ilLu ,ry et.Li,,f ': S.ll ,,p sl !:r .i9 erLi!. t .]i).c-e qa c.,lliL-., i.J.JS.ll {J"JlJ.ll q2J! €J "J.,ll L_ri.: (ZOt2 ') &1 . jJl .24 .-'ji - q")-,y I L,..1i ll .il-Jill i.JS .'oJJ,:,j. Js. ,.C..,+l- ilLU .iJr-J.11I Joumal Economics atd law University of Souk Ahms - Unive$itd Mohaned ChirilMessaadia de Souk-Alr'€s ht$:/ .4tw.miv-soukahn'd,enlpbLic atioD./ ticte/2s 6 t
  • 20. ISSN:2602-678 000-000 :ue ,2020.g uqJt ,9.iJaaJt :JiGJb . )r-63)1 ;la-. JiJl 6lr- i:_Fl Ll!"ll _,y,:ll :,6r..!-)t "t$t ; tojir +^FJll ar!ill (2018 ) r"-i .tuj*ll .25 prLll i.-L .l+lt cJl.,lril irlS (6Jr.ii- Jgg "lrisr ilL! ,ijiull ell-rJl '931: q5i,{$+Ll i,-,b .4r.ltJl i*J-,yl .'.-i :6.-,i.. !;-,yl "f!t -1.,5 d iJ"iJl Ull ,-,!..: , rqrl (2017) ,-i;- rpt-s..3 sL"=l r.--il:. .26 'ubYl 4,rls - ic)lryb +l,iryl ilJJl qFJill iti ^ ,i...,rlill ;- l+ drUS ,_,-a,.r .r-i s!t3 (,e)l"i-l .185-150 ,(1)14 ,&Fll - iir<I e'-l. - rL;!Y!j .#." lr-yl 't:lt l.ga d in!i.!l ,h!l illLr -ys (2015 ) lJ-l ,;, ,r5 , ;.LJl rio ,6gr .27 il+.ll ,(2014-2011 ) r-r.,- o-,ts .r-:6:ll iJti" - LltLn i.".,j. ilL i*!D :i;Jeiill ol... g tl .148-135 t3 r ilr+ll - ili-5 Cl,-x g.uli i.-l+ - agL-:i!l iJ.$l iJilrrll dJl-".Lj-ll -+ l"jir ir-2":'!l .:-,1!ll 1,;hl dir-i...li""J (2020 ) .,jta ,i-n-JL i-^.,Ir r;+ ri+i .tls .28 ol.iL- ,J iLLII &lrl!. ll g. i-cj.;-,_J' +1":.:..,!: :u$lJ! nusd Jb-.ll JrJl - 4+SJl .748-tL7 ,(1)8 ,d-'!b .rt -:iX i-.IlJl il+-ll .oLe i-.-tJl a,-bll .t' ae^;-:t$t at-,t'Yt oUL2 9J qrlryl glsr) i.llr--isrll 'o:li!l iils, (2010) s"-.... :t:. .29 ''-.,;rc - i*)'"yl i'rilill "91i"'ll irl6 .iJ,,'iL Jts JS."+L ilL, .ir+;,r")*-,)l ttl.i + &rt:tL dr].lJl OrS.i &t,Ji,".r i-,;t:)t i:!il J"L.ii .x. ioUll (2014) olc: ,,r-A .30 .447-431 t3 t2-..n- 'Ulillb .ll.-:ill 4j^Lll il-ll ,,',r-.fo| :d+" Jl I 'ul! 4J.," Jssll -!i+ill ix+ iIl,ll qf tt*: _x;a.S 14.1b)l n*s"6ll (2015 ) .:.... ,:..,,-., .31 - 6Jt+311,.L;Xg:, t-ll :ti Jl .i-u.Jrll J^-. i,r.r{i.++ L* L-l++ ,lJ.lJl + 1i+In 1-!r .109-39 ,4,),o ,i-!."iill i.-Jl o!i.i.". ,-J' ojit :lti ,pl:)t ;r,s;tt ,* +Sll l.L$l _rii (2015 ) .'-- ..1* .32 .143-133 ,! ,-;,-.,n- 6Jlirl!, J,-:{}l:J l-ll ils.Jl crL.*.JJl ,l:i il+- .srJ.Erll *#ll e:16 os qrl{l nb6.1l drli+igli""! _y: (2020) Ol+- .,,lr-F .33 .9O-77 ,t6.AJibsll lil$Yl lix .,f bjl 4J!.Jr:ll, i$t+I ,-.ul i.t-.1t.ryl i:r$ll (2013 ) .:.-.. .dt--+itr :.-i ,ait - .34 pLll - crL!): iJ.- r"ou.6jl i.olr. ll dJsll d rrrilsl.a-! :g5!t ellt Ujrl .rl,Lr. ,)l .74-58,(1)40 .(o-'_,,!t) i-,rt.yt i,-!'] :iJSJj-. - !i*yl irrl ,',J,sj d d- ^Ftlb i;l.1lr'rll islr;ll !L"j!l ";.+ _ll IZO1S; g*.ri. rg*trc .J! i.$L-:t)l rrLx €Iilt sl+i .ir"ri+il ,-,t .. Lul i{J^lI!, , ,tr! iljs.ll c,i.-l &t - ('! ilt- .295-277 .36 ritjSJl e--L - rL;3Y13 Ulr)l iJS - irh)lr (ELJ);l9u9:ta31'r ii,* l9 Joumzl Economics aril Law Aritenity of Souk A}.ms - UniveBn' Mohamed ChinfMessaadia de Sou*"Ahns htq://,i'ww. uni r-s oukahras. dral/ptb Iicatiorr/ani cId256 I
  • 21. 012 -001 :g; ,-.,ijt .irt,itl stn,!r)t rt)!! i+-JFrlr iswl JJ ii].,r ri ret l' d,s.:l .L,,,rr ,Jr !rr.-l! eF 1.."! :i.sl.. .l2:,")l er-rll 0urs .C o.L,- J.3l! tutllirl {,gl;ill tLrll ,-;"+ ;i IZOfS; u"$. ,u*L,o .36 i+t -:6Vl eJLX ,J)rjl :li. .L.J.isll ,".1- . LUI as2i.l!, , '".rt1, :.irSjl cri-.,l &U- s! ilL '295-277 '35 'i!.,pJl - ii:<ll i"L - J';IY1, sJl"-Yl i15 - LlltYl-r 4Lul g. ii'' ,+ dlrl-.''-l :;gl el.$l iJ+.,i,, d O$lJl ,'6"i Jil (2020) u,ri. ,u*trc .37 .686-667 ,(42)12,r,iJS!l ..rbi i.l+. .dJpill . ;rdl ,J i"l" 1..jl i*.,,frl &- ,rs tjn 4J"iL-i LJ,iBl u"JlJl ,pu.r.. g.rl i.rl- ^j-:ll irl+ill d,l^^,, .1rli i--.;r: (2015 ) i!,i , jlJl -:p .38 - i;"),,,yl 1,'-llll .i!...13ll i+K .i_)J,i,i" J;c +,.+l- ilLJ .NfLl s+ll eLiiYl 15Ji,".+ l1lCXcJ clA r;c,i d 6ts1J1 irlryt irf+Il tt l y (2018 ) qri-. (, ;JLlll !e. r u!+r ,r.rfrlf f .SS a.l.llJl :li Jl ra;l:';Id fu.Y-51 qrlill J*,,,:l! - A-,i"jll ob: ilL :"SJl glJ"! ,rl 4+.rLnll full/l .372-297,(3)4 .ojYl - ,:l-,.!! crLlfll rti_.1 - dt-'!t, :L.;oLl .:.Uiuril irlrill dJLcl-+ll c.Lcl ill d a+L"Ut d,S.3 ,+ '!)Jt ,Jl{ ;i IZOZO; -.)trj; r_,).c .{e .20-13 ,15 .i-u lj+ll 61,*^,,JJl ol:l :l- . u'll '*+ i-,,..,:- i+tsy i..,!.r :..;rLlJl a,:6,"i + i;Igsjlt ;st;ilt j (2017 ) i_t-,.i ,.Ua .af . r*;ll fJ.: Arlirtb Li.aliil plJl iJl6 c'o r r.i.r -.19c JJi-+L ilL.y.il;L ,.,;c - iJ rlsJl '.d!Cl J t'+{.,}.#'ll i*t+ aiirl :.rc "..,*#t dul ;.i."..J dJl !.,r:.. . ir;r.r d oJ.ut ds"3 _il (2019) i,l,,jti.42 .d+rll ,Ji i,'-l+ .LJhll erll! :1,;6il 4riS ,"o.r a^f,r" J;c JS."+l- iJL_,1 ,,*..o1rll :J+- .i-S)J .pr... lt sl.il! iJ."!ti:ll -!jg.lt ,!Er-l ,r,tc Orl^ul ,.S.1 -*. L (ZOZO; r r.oc r.:.es-e .43 .579-539 ,(1)54 .ipl,Jll 'Julll urs-r .,tl bi-l ;jl, + a;fuL: r-,! :OC^lJl ,l$ + ,Jtslt alnll Jii (2020 ) r_r.cr.c r !..r!, t.ua ,.uos.o .44 .374-349 11 r-9li'rll, .rl ''nU i"j^Lll il+-.ll ,ellJl #Lill i-!.p :i.".,J;dl irLl3^ll 6l.r(rt u gC^lJl o.s..i rx+ a.Cl,ll (2020 ) J-rsr r rl.-r!, l.lr,.l rs.-. .d! .394-375 ,1 ,6_.r'i'.1!r .rL-ie}J rl-tJl iL-]l .Jt ll eJ,lll 'u!, ,] iS+X 61,-lrll ..J.+!t gt-rrllj {+rtJt ,jJisl ,Jo i,L.rs:,ll crlrt+ill Jil (2015 ) :+L 16.rl*.4G .98-47 ,(95) 16 . '-. - ir.$b iitnll ,J+- ,otitull i.-l+ ilL r..,b :ig.r_,!l i.r.ir-. It e+t,..lt :'Ujli l. Abd El Samie, H., & Fahmy, T. M. (2015). Examining the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadenhip (A Field Study of Tourism Managers). Joumal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 12(2),97 -tO8. Economics and Law Journal (ELJ) toumal Economics aid Iaw Unircrsity of Souk Alr]a's - UDive$ita Mohamed ChAif Messaadia de Souk-Ahns h tP l/s,Bw. un i ! - soukahras. dren/pu bi icatiorr/anic Id256 I 20
  • 22. ISSN:2602-678 000-000 :ue ,2020'g )rtjr ,O .tI+Jr :..r;G)g . :t --,!)t ilaj" 2. Al-Asoufi, B. 8., & Akhorshaideh, A. H. O. (2017). The impact of employee empowerment on the success of organizational change: a study in privatized enterprises in Jordan. Joumal of Public Administration and Govemance, 7(1), 87 -101. 3. Al-Hosam, A. A. M., Almed, S., Ahmad, F. B., & Joarder, M. H. R. (2016). Impact of transformational leadership on psychological empowerment and job satisfaction relationship: a case of yemeni banking. Braus Busrness R eview, 7(2),109-116. 4. Al-Romeedy, B. S. (2019). The role ofjob rotation in enhancing employee performance in the Eglptian travel agents: the mediating role of organizational behavior. Tourism Review, 74(4), 1003-1020. 5. Allameh, S. M., Heydari, M., & Davoodi, S. M. R. (2012). Studying the relationship between transformational leadership and psychological empowerment of teachers in Abade Township. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Scr'eaceg 3 1, 224-230. 6. Asgarsani, H., Duostdar, O., & Rostami, A. G. (2013). Empowerment and its impact on the organization productivity. Singaporean Journal of Busraesg Economics and Management Studies, 5.1(11 I l), l-8. 7. Biiuml, M. (2015). The impact of Strategic Performance Management on SME performance (Doctoral dissertatio[, Doctoral dissertation, University of St. Gallen). 8. Cheung, M. F., & Wong, C. S. (2011). Transformational leadership, leader support, and employee creativity. Leadership & Organization Development Joumal, 12(7), 656-672. 9. Chnng, H. F., Yang, 2. & Hluarrg, P. H. (2015). How does organizational lsarning matter in strategic business performance? The contingency role of guanxi netrvorking. Journal of Busrness Research, 68(6), 1216-1224. 10. Guay, R- P. (2013). The relationship between leader fit and transformational leadership. Joumal of Managerial Psychologlr, 28(1), 55-73. 11. Hunt, J. B., & Fitzgerald, M. (2013). The relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership: An investigation and review of competing claims in the literature. American Intemational Joumal of Social Science,2(8), 30-38. 12. Ibrahim, N. H., & Ismail, T. N. T. (2017). Examining the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Employee Empowerment. ICOPS2017 eProceedings, 51. 13. Iqbal, Q., Ahmad, N. H., Nasim, A., & Khan, S. A. R. (2020). A moderated-mediation analysis of psychological empowerment: Sustainable leadership and sustainable performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 262, 121429. 14. Lashari, R., & Rana, A. H. (2018). The impact of transformational leadership and social interaction on organizational performance in the viewpoint of knowledge management: an empirical study in banking sector of Pakistan. Intemational Joumal of Organizational Le adersh ip, 7, 383 -397 . 15. Li, W., Zhm, J., & Lu, Y. (2016). A study of transformational leadership, strategic flexibility, and firm performance: The moderating role of environmental dynamism. lournal of Global Business Insights, 1(2),73-84. 16. Manzoor, F., Wei, L., Nurunnabi, M., Subhan, Q. A., Shah, S. I. A., & Fallatah, S. (2019). The impact of transformational leadership on job performance and CSR as mediator in SMEs. Susfarnab/r ty, 11(2),436. @LJ);eu9 )r.4$!r i!a, totrmal Ecot ontics bd law Unirenity of So k Ahms - Unite$iE Mohamel Chenf Messaadia de Souk-Ahns ht@ ://s'ww. uni v- soukahlas-dren/publ icatioD/an ictd2S6 I 2l
  • 23. 012 -001 :gr d.".rijr o)Lil, s#!-")t 'r!!tJ i=l,_Fr r)Lijr a,.J iiyJr j !J.t J! d,s.J t! irlr ,Jr irr.-J! eF 17. Ma{ani, A. B., & Alizadeh, F. (2014). The impact of empowerment on employees performance in Standards office of Tehran . Intemational lournal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 3(4),3643. 18. Nadeem, M. T., Zia-uD-din, M., Riaz, W., Shafique, M. 2., & Sattar, A. (2018). The effects of employees empowerment on organizational perforrnance: a case of hotel industry in Pakistat International Joumal of African and Asian Sudies, 47, 89-94. 19. Nazim, F. and Mahmood, A., Principals' Transformational and Transactional Leadership Style and Job Satisfaction of College Teachers, Joumal of Education and Practice, 7(34), 2016, t8-22. 20. Nunnally, J. (1978) Psychometric Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York. 27. Riaz, A. and Haider, M., Role of transformational and transactional leadership on job satisfaction and career satisfaction, BEH - Business and Economic Horizons, 1(1), 2010, 29-38. 22. Samad, S. (2012). The influence of innovation and transformational leadership on organizational performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 57,486493. 23. Wheelen, T. and Hunger, D., Skategic management and business policy : toward global Sustainability, 136 ed., Pearson Education, lnc., publishing, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2012. Economics and Law Journat (ELJ) toMal Economics attd law Unive$ity of Souk Ahrzs - UniveBite Mohaned ChaifMessaadia de Souk-Ahtu h ttp ://$/r*w. u, i v- soukahras. dz/cn/pub Iic ation/articIe/2 56 I ,,) View publication stats View publication stats