1. 1
Containers and Aggregates,
Mutators and Isolates
for Reactive Programming
Aleksandar Prokopec, Philipp Haller, Martin Odersky

2. Reactive Collections
http://reactive-collections.com
2

3. Reactive
3

4. 4

5. 5
Observables (event streams)

6. 6
Observables (event streams)
• declarative
val log = messages .filter(_.length < 100) .scan(_ + “n” + _)

7. 7
Observables (event streams)
• declarative
val log = messages .filter(_.length < 100) .scan(_ + “n” + _)
var log = “” def receive = { case s: String => if (s.length < 100) log = log + “n” + s }

8. 8
Actors
• encapsulate mutable state

9. 9
Actors
• encapsulate mutable state
var log = “” def receive = { case s: String => if (s.length < 100) log = log + “n” + s }

10. 10
Reactive collections
Isolate Reactive Channel
Actor ? ActorRef
?
Observable
Observable

11. 11
Reactive values

12. Reactive[T]
12

13. val ticks: Reactive[Long]
13
ticks
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
60
60
61
61

14. ticks onEvent { x => log.debug(s”tick no.$x”) }
14
1
2
3
4
60
61
tick no.1
tick no.2
tick no.3
tick no.4
tick no.60
tick no.61
...

15. ticks foreach { x => log.debug(s”tick no.$x”) }
15
1
2
3
4
60
61

16. 16
for (x <- ticks) { log.debug(s”tick no.$x”) }
Single-threaded!

17. 17
Reactive combinators

18. for (x <- ticks) yield {
x / 60
}
18

19. val seconds: Reactive[Long] = for (x <- ticks) yield { x / 60 }
19

20. 60
61
val seconds: Reactive[Long] = for (x <- ticks) yield { x / 60 }
20
ticks
1
1
2
2
3
3
60
61
seconds
0
0
0
1
1
ticks
seconds
0
1

21. val days: Reactive[Long] = seconds.map(_ / 86400)
21

22. val days: Reactive[Long] =
seconds.map(_ / 86400)
val secondsToday =
22

23. val days: Reactive[Long] = seconds.map(_ / 86400) val secondsToday = (seconds zip days) { (s, d) => s – d * 86400 }
23

24. val angle =
secondsInDay.map(angleFunc)
24

25. val angle = secondsInDay.map(angleFunc) val light = secondsInDay.map(lightFunc)
25

26. 26

27. 27
val rotate = keys
a ↓
shift ↓
a ↑
shift ↑
pgup ↓
pgup ↑
keys

28. 28
val rotate = keys.filter(_ == PAGEUP)
a ↓
shift ↓
a ↑
shift ↑
pgup ↓
pgup ↑
keys
pgup ↓
pgup ↑
filter

29. 29
val rotate =
keys.filter(_ == PAGEUP)
.map(_.down)
a ↓
shift ↓
a ↑
shift ↑
pgup ↓
pgup ↑
keys
pgup ↓
pgup ↑
filter
true
false
map

30. 30
if (rotate()) viewAngle += 1
true
false
map

31. 31
Signals

32. 32
trait Signal[T] extends Reactive[T] { def apply(): T }

33. 33
val rotate =
keys.filter(_ == PAGEUP)
.map(_.down)
.signal(false)
true
false
map
signal

34. 34
val rotate: Signal[Boolean] = keys.filter(_ == PAGEUP) .map(_.down) .signal(false)
true
false
map
signal

35. 35
val rotate: Signal[Boolean] val ticks: Reactive[Long]
ticks

36. 36
val rotate: Signal[Boolean]
val ticks: Reactive[Long]
ticks
rotate

37. 37
val rotate: Signal[Boolean]
val ticks: Reactive[Long]
val viewAngle: Signal[Double] =
ticks
rotate
viewAngle

38. 38
val rotate: Signal[Boolean] val ticks: Reactive[Long] val viewAngle: Signal[Double] = ticks.scanPast(0.0)
ticks
rotate
viewAngle

39. 39
val rotate: Signal[Boolean] val ticks: Reactive[Long] val viewAngle: Signal[Double] = ticks.scanPast(0.0) { (a, _) => if (rotate()) a + 1 else a }
ticks
rotate
viewAngle

40. 40

41. 41
val velocity =
ticks.scanPast(0.0) {
(v, _) =>
}
val viewAngle =

42. 42
val velocity = ticks.scanPast(0.0) { (v, _) => if (rotate()) v + 1 } val viewAngle =

43. 43
val velocity =
ticks.scanPast(0.0) {
(v, _) =>
if (rotate()) v + 1
else v – 0.5 }
val viewAngle =

44. 44
val velocity = ticks.scanPast(0.0) { (v, _) => if (rotate()) v + 1 else v – 0.5 } val viewAngle = velocity.scanPast(0.0)(_ + _)

45. 45

46. 46
Reactive mutators

47. 47
class Matrix {
def apply(x: Int, y: Int): Double
def update(x: Int, y: Int, v: Double)
}

48. 48
val screenMat: Signal[Matrix] = (projMat zip viewMat)(_ * _) val invScreenMat = screenMat.map(_.inverse)

49. 49
Reactive[immutable.Matrix[T]]

50. 50
val screenMat: Signal[Matrix] = (projMat zip viewMat)(_ * _) val invScreenMat = screenMat.map(_.inverse)
(4*4*8 + 16 + 16)*4*100 = 64 kb/s

51. 51
val screenMat = Mutable(new Matrix) (projMat, viewMat).mutate(screenMat) { (p, v) => screenMat().assignMul(p, v) } val invScreenMat = Mutable(new Matrix) screenMat.mutate(invScreenMat) { m => invScreenMat().assignInv(m) }

52. 52
Reactive collections

53. 53

54. 54
val selected: Reactive[Set[Character]]

55. 55
val selected: ReactSet[Character]

56. 56
trait ReactSet[T] extends ReactContainer[T] { def apply(x: T): Boolean }

57. 57
trait ReactContainer[T] {
def inserts: Reactive[T]
def removes: Reactive[T]
}

58. 58
A reactive collection is a pair of reactive values

59. 59
val selected =
new ReactHashSet[Character]

60. 60

61. 61
val selected = new ReactHashSet[Character] val decorations = selected .map(c => (c, decoFor(c)))

62. 62
class ReactContainer[T] { self => def inserts: Reactive[T] def removes: Reactive[T] def map[S](f: T => S) = new ReactContainer[S] { def inserts: Reactive[T] = self.inserts.map(f) def removes: Reactive[T] = self.removes.map(f) } }

63. 63
val selected =
new ReactHashSet[Character]
val decorations = selected
.map(c => (c, decoFor(c)))
.to[ReactHashMap]

64. 64
val selected = new ReactHashSet[Character] val decorations = selected .map(c => (c, decoFor(c))) .to[ReactHashMap]

65. 65
val selected = new ReactHashSet[Character] val decorations = selected .map(c => (c, decoFor(c))) .to[ReactHashMap]

66. 66
val selected = new ReactHashSet[Character] val decorations = selected .map(c => (c, decoFor(c))) .to[ReactHashMap]

67. 67
val selected =
new ReactHashSet[Character]
val decorations = selected
.map(c => (c, decoFor(c)))
.react.to[ReactHashMap]

68. 68
val selected = new ReactHashSet[Character] val decorations = selected .map(c => (c, decoFor(c))) .react.to[ReactHashMap]

69. 69
val selected =
new ReactHashSet[Character]
val decorations = selected
.map(c => (c, decoFor(c)))
.react.to[ReactHashMap]

70. 70
val selected = new ReactHashSet[Character] val decorations = selected .map(c => (c, decoFor(c))) .react.to[ReactHashMap]

71. 71
Isolates

72. 72
UI isolate
class UI extends Isolate[UI.Message] { val frames = source.filter(_ == UI.Frame) val exit = source onCase { case UI.Exit => exit() } }
Source

73. 73
UI Isolate
Source
AI Isolate
Source
Channel[AI.Message] 
 Channel[UI.Message]

74. 74
Reactive collections
Isolate Reactive Channel
Actor ? ActorRef
? Observable Observable

75. 75
Thank you!