Health Education & Community Pharmacy, Branch of Diploma in Pharmacy

1. •Name of Faculty-Ms.Hulawale Akshada J.
•Name of Institute-VJSMs Institute of Pharmacy for
Women
•E-mail-akshadahulawale2016@gmail.com

2. Communicable disease as illness due to specific
infections agent or its toxic products, capable of being
directly or indirectly transmitted from man to man, animal
to animal, and from environment (through air, dust, soil,
water) to man or animal.
1.Transmitted From Man to Man
2.Reservior To Susceptible Host

3.  Time period require for transmmision of infectious
agent from reservior to suscetible host.
 Controlled by-
 Improvement of Personal Hygiene
 Improvement of Social Hygiene
 Awareness about Health
 Awareness about Disease

4.  It is the time period between an entry of the
infectious agent and the appearance of the
symptoms.

5. (A) Respiratory Infection
(B) Intestinal Infection
(C) Arthropod Borne Infection
(D) Surface Infection
(E) Sexually Transmitted Diseases

6. 1. CHICKEN POX
2. MEASLES
3. INFLUENZA
4. DIPHTHERIA
5. WHOOPING COUGH (PERTUSIS)
6. TUBERCULOSIS

7.  DISEASE
 Causative Agent
 Mode of Transmission
 Prevention

9. Causative agent:- Varicella zoster & human herpes
virus
Symptoms:- Fever, appearance of rashes on skin,
lesion filled with puss
mode of Transmission:-
1.through droplet infection discharge from ruptured
lesions of skin
2.It is Spread by the droplets from the upper
respiratory tract of Infected Person.

10. Prevention:-
1.Varicella zoster immuloglobulin (VZ Ig) 1.25 to 5 ml
intramuscularly.
2.Use local antiseptics like Chlorhexidine
3.Transmmision prevented by isolation of paitent for 5-
7 days
4.Sterilization of all articles used by paitent after cure
Incubation Period- about 14-16 days

12. Causative agent – Rubela virus
Mode of transmission- through droplet nuclei infection
and directly from person to person i.e droplet
infection
Prevention- measles vaccination 0.5ml Subcutaneously
in children of 8 to 9 month Unvaccinated children
passively immunized by human immunoglobulin
Incubation period- 8-14 days

13.  Symptoms-
 (A) stage 1 (Catarrhal stage)
 Fever
 Running nose
 Cough
 Appearance of red spot
 Watering of eyes
 (B) stage 2(eruption stage)
 Red rash (rash spread overall body)

15. Causative Agent – Influenza Virus, A B and C
Mode of Transmission –1.Through droplet infection or
direct contact
2-freshly contaminated formites
Symptoms- Fever, headache, malaise, loss of appetite
Treatment – 1.Single dose of polyvainfluenza vaccine
0.5 ml to children between 6 months to 3 years
subcutaneously
2.Antiviral drugs like Amantidine & Rimantidine 100
mg is given twice a day for 3-5 days.
3.Antipyretic drugs

16.  Prevention-
 (a) Administrating polyvainfluenza vaccine
 (b) Isolation of patient
 (c) People must be educated about healty habits
 (d) spitting of public place should be avoided
 Incubation Period- about 1-2 days

17. 4.DIPHTERIA

18. Causative Agent:- Corynebacterium Diptheriae
Mode of Transmission:-It is spread through droplet
infection & cutaneous lesions
Prevention:-Immunization with DPT vaccine DPT is
given intramuscularly in 3 doses
1. 0.5 ml at age of one & half, two & half and three
& half month
2. first booster dose of 0.5ml at the age of 18th
month to 2 yrs & second booster dose of 0.5ml at
the age of 3 and half yr.
4.DIPHTERIA

19. Treatment:- Diphteria antitoxin in a dose of 10000 to
30000 units intramuscularly or 40000 to 100000 units
Intravenously in two divided dosage at an interval of
two hours.

20. 5. WHOOPING COUGH { pertusis }

21. Causative Agent:- Bordetella Pertussis
Mode of transmission:- it is spread through droplet
infection & direct contact
Prevention-1. early diagnosis & disinfection of throat
or nasal discharge.
2.Children immunized by D.P.T vaccine
Treatment:- ERYTHROMYCIN 50mg/kg body weight
in four divided dose for 10 days.
Incubation period-7-14 days
5.WHOOPING COUGH { pertusis }

23. Causative Agnt:–Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Mode Of Transmission:-1.through Droplet Infection
(Produce By Sputum of positive paitent), 2.Coughing
3.It is also transmitted by fomites such as dishes or
other article used by TB paitent.
Symptoms:-Cough For 3 Weeks Or More ,Weight Loss,
Loss of Appetite, Tiredness, Rise in body temp.
Investigation- Sputum examination, Chest X-Ray,
Mantoux test

24. Prevention and control:- 1.BCG (Bacille Calmette
Guerin) vaccination
2.Good social condition (Isolation of Tb patient,
Chemoprophylaxis Agent ,also use handkerchief
while coughing)
National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) &
District Tuberculosis Programme (DTP)
Treatment:-
Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Streptomycin

25. 1. POLIOMYELITIS
2. HEPATITIS
3. CHOLERA
4. TYPHOID
5. FOOD POISONING
6. HOOKWORM INFECTION

26. Causative Agnt:– Polio Virus 1, 2 & 3
Mode Of Transmission:- 1.Faecal-oral route is the main
route of transmission of the disease
2.Man is the reservoir of the virus
3.Another route is the droplet infection, this occurs in
the acute phase of disease when the virus occurs in
the throat. close personal contact with an infected
person facilitates droplet infection.

27. Prevention and control:-
1.Notification of the case to the health authorities.
2.Proper disposal of urine & faeces
3.Protection of water sources & supply of safe drinking
water.
4.Personal hygiene should be strictly maintained
5. Oral Polio vaccine (Trivalent oral polio vaccine,
sabine vaccine) is the vaccine of choice for primary
immunization of children. It is indicated for active
immunization against infections of poliovirus caused
by type 1,2 &3 in infants starting at 6-12 week.
6.Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)

28. Causative agent : Hepatitis-A virus (HAV)
Symptom’s: fever, chills, headache ,weakness ,jaundice.
Mode OF Transmission : Faecal-oral route, contaminated
water, milk, food, infected blood needles, blood products &
sexual transmission.
Prevention & control :
• Safe disposal of excreta
• Prevention of contaminated of water food & milk.
• Proper sterilization of needle & syringes
Incubation Period-15-45 days
2.Hepatitis-A

29. Causative agent- Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Symptoms- fever, chills, headache, weakness, jaundice.
Mode of transmission - faceal contamination of water,
contamination of food , Through infected blood, blood
products, from infected mother to her baby & sexual
transmission.
Prevention & control -
• Hepatitis B vaccine in dose of 1ml for three times (2nd
dose after 1 month of 1st dose & 3rd dose after 6
month from 2nd dose)
• Immunization with Hepatitis B Immunoglobin.
 Incubation Period- 30-180 days

30. Causative agent : Vibrio Cholera
Symptom's : diarrhea ,nausea, vomiting, dehydration
Mode of transmission :
• Fecal contamination of water
• Contaminated food by (Improper storage, handling, flies,
Insects)
• Direct contact through contaminated fingers while handling
excreta & fomites.

31. Prevention & control :
• Early detection of suspected case & bacteriological
examination of stools for confirmation
• Notification to the local health authority
• Boil water & milk before consuming
• Fruits,vegetables should clean before use
• Isolation in hospital or treatment centre
• Disinfection of stools, vomitus, cloths, bedding &
rooms
Treatment : Rehydration therapy, tetracycline 500 mg
Incubation Period: 5 days

32. Causative agent : Salmonella Typhi
Symptoms :
• Continuous Fever-3 to 4 weeks
• Relative Bradycardia
• Body Pain
Mode Of Transmission :
Through Faecal Oral Route or Urine Oral Route,
Through Contaminated water or food.

33. Prevention& Control :
Control of Sanitation, education of people for sanitation and
personal hygiene, Immunization: TAB (Typhoid-paratyphoid
A & B) vaccine
Treatment : Ciprofloxacine, Chloramphenicol
Incubation Period: 10-15 day

34. It is an acute gastroenteritis caused by ingestion of
contaminated food/drink.
Causative agent : Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella
cholera-suis, Salmonella enteritidis
Mode of Transmission: Food & drinks contaminated with
bacteria or there toxins OR inorganic substance & poison
Prevention : food & water sanitation

35. 6.Hookworm Infection

36.  Symptoms: Diarrhoea, Abdominal pain, Intestinal
cramps, Nausea, fever, blood in stool, itchy rashes

37. 1. PLAGUE
2. MALARIA
3. FILARIASES

39. Plague is an infectious disease transmitted to man by
infected rat fleas. It is primarily a zoonotic disease.
Causative Agent- Yersinia Pseudo Tuberculous Pestis
Which is present in the bubos blood, spleen, & liver of
infected persons.
Mode of Transmission-
1.Fleaborne transmission
2.Direct/Physical contact with infected animal/human
3.Ingestion of infected animal
4.Inhalation of infectious droplet from animals or
humans

40. Prevention-
• Control of cases by early diagnosis, notification.
Isolation, treatment & Disinfection of sputum &
discharges.
• Control of fleas with insecticides like DDT or BHC
• Control of rodents with rodenticides & by tapping
• Vaccination with haffkines anti-plague vaccine
• Chemoprophylaxis with tetracycline or sulphonamides
• Health education about plague & the involvement of
rodents
Treatment- Tetracycline orally 500mg 4 time in day, Co-
trimoxazole also given.

42.  Malaria is caused by four distinct species of malaria parasites
Causative agent –
Plasmodium Vivax, P. Falciparum, P. Malarae & P. Ovale
Mode of transmission-
Vector transmission- by the bite of certain species of infected
female anopheline mosquitoes.
Direct transmission- by infected needles, blood transfusions
etc.
Congenital infection- new born baby of infected mother

43. Prevention & Control-
• Destruction of mosquitoes by domestic sprays, proper
management of waste water
• Treatment-
• Chloroquine 600 mg, with primaquine15 mg for first day &
for next four days only primaquine 15mg

45. Filariasis is a pathological condition caused by infection of
filarial nematodes transmitted by different vector.
Causative agent :-
Filarial parasite –
Wucheria Bancrofti , Brugia malayi, Brugia Timori
Mode of transmission :-
By mosquito bite ( female culex)
Symptoms :-
Lymphangitis, elephantiasis

46. Prevention :-
1.Destruction of mosquitoes by domestic sparys,
2.proper management of waste water
3.Use bed nets
4.Apply repellent creams on skin
Treatment :-
Diethyl Carbamazine 6 mg per kg Body Weight , orally for 12
days

47. 1. RABIES
2. TRANCHOMA
3. TETANUS
4. LEPROSY

49. Causative Agent-
Rabies is caused by virus named Lyssa virus type 1,Serotype 1
Symptoms-
1.Pain at bite site
2.Fever
3.Headache
4.Muscleaches, sore throat
5.Depression

50. Mode of Transmission :-
1.The virus is secreted in salive of affected animals like DOGS, FOX.
2.Transmitted to man from this animals by their bites or licks.
Prevention and Control:-
(A)Pre-exposure:-
1.Person at high risk of exposure should be protected by pre-exposure
immunization.
2.Control of DOG population
3.Pet DOG’s should be vaccinated properly

51. (B) Post-exposure :-
1.Neutralize the inoculated virus before it can enter the
nervous system
2.Application of antiseptic
3.Suturing of wounds
4.Local application of antirabies serum around the wound
5.Suitable antibiotic if require
6.Immunization by anti-rabic vaccine

53. Causative Agent-
Chlamydia trachomatis
Symptoms:-
1.Produces inflammation and scaring of the conjunction, this
leads deviation of eye lashes and lid margin
2.Eyelashes produced abrasion of cornea which result in
corneal ultimately it leads to blindness

54. Mode of Transmission-
1.Eye to eye transmission direct or indirect contact of
infected person or fomites person or fomites like infected
finger, towel, kajal and surma.
2.Discharge of eye section fluid.
3.Swimming pool
4.Over crowding helps in transmission

55. Prevention and Control-
1.Early diagnosis and treatment of cases
2.Common use of cosmetics like kajal, surma should be
avoided.
3.Surgical correction of eye lid deformities
4.Health education and community hygiene, prevention
control and treatment
5.1% Ointment of Teracycline ,Erythromycine, Rifampicine

57. Causative Agent-
Clostridium Tetani
Mode of Transmission-
Through wounds with titanus spores.
Prevention and Control-
1.Immunization with Tetanus toxoid.
2.Children’s are immunized with Titanus , DTP and DT
vaccine.

59. Causative Agent :-
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by
Mycobacterium Laprae
Symptoms:-
1.Hypopigmented patches over the skin
2.Partial or total loss of coetaneous sensation in the affected area.
3.Thickning of nerve
4.Presence of acid fast bacilli I the skin on nasal smear

60. Mode of Transmission-
1.Direct on indirect contact with infected patient.
2.Doplet infection through nasal and oral secretion of
patient
3.Breast milk of infected mother to their infants
4.Fomites also can transmit the infection

61. Prevention and Control-
1.Detection of cases of leprosy and tracing the contact
especially children of patient house
2.Prevent contact between patient and children/Normal
person
3.Preventive treatment (Chemoprophylaxis) with dapsone.
4.Selection isolation or hospitalization of patient for
treatment
5.Rehabilitation of patient with suitable work social and
psychological rehabilitation is also necessary.
6.Treatment of infected paitents with Dapsone.

62. Treatment-
Rifampicine, Dapsone and Clofazimine drug should be
given.

63. 1. SYPHILIS
2. GONORRHOEA
3. AIDS

64.  STDs are a group of Communicable diseases that are
Transmitted predominantly by sexual contact &
caused by wide range of bacteria, viruses, protozoa &
fungi.
 STDs include syphilis, gonorrhoea, AIDS, chancroid,
donovanosis etc.

65.  Prevention-
1.One should abstain from sexual activity.
2.Sexual activity should be limited to non-infected partner.
3.Avoidance of contact with blood, semen, vaginal fluids.
4.Condom should be used during the sexual intercourse.
5.One should abstain from risky sexual activity: oral/anal sex.
6.One should abstain from sex with high risk people: prositutes,
etc.
7.One should never share a needle for injections.
8.Personal hygiene should be maintained.
9.Screening of high risk groups: These groups are young adults
sharing common sex partners, drug addicts, prostitutes, truck
drivers & those people who remain away from their homes for
longer time.
10.Creating awareness through health education.

66. Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Treponema
Pallidium
Mode of Transmission-
• Through sexual contact with an infected persons, from
infected mother to her foetus.
• Prevention & Control-
• Avoid extramarital sex, early detection of case, provide health
education about STDs.
• Treatment-
• Procaine penicillin 600000 unit IM.per day for 10 days.
• Erythromycine, Caphelaxine can also use.

68.  Gonorrhoea is the infection caused by Niesseria gonorrhoea.
• Mode of Transmission-
• Through direct sexual contacts, blood transfusion
• Prevention & control-
• Avoid extramarital sex, early detection of case, & provide
health education about STDs.
• By using condoms by male partner.
• Treatment-
• Benzathine penicil in cephalexine.

70. AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is
predominantly a retrovirus known as Human immune
deficiency virus (HIV).
Mode of Transmission-
• Sexual transmission by vaginal, anal or oral sex.
• Blood contact through transfusion of contaminated blood &
blood products.
• Maternal-foetal transmission through placenta.
• Comtaminated needles & syringes.

71.  Prevention & Control-
• Avoid extramarital sex, early detection of case, & provide
health education about STDs.By using condoms by male
partner
• Sterilization of needdles.
• Treatment-
• AZT (Azidothymidine, Zidovadin, Retrovir)

73. THANK YOU…