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DSSC Working Mechanism and Key Factors in Perovskite Solar Cells
- 1. DSSC
- 2. DSSC Working Mechanism FTO Substrate FTO Substrate e- e- e- I3 - /I- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- TiO2 CB LUMO dye* HOMO Regeneration e- Electrolyt e Dye Sensitizer Pt counter electrode
- 3. Mesoporous Film Deposition on FTO
- 4. Key Ingredients of DSSC
- 5. Perovskite
- 6. Perovskite Structure • A perovskite is any material with the same type of crystal structure as Calcium Titanium Oxide (CaTiO3) know as the Perovskite structure ABX3. • Methylammonium Lead or Tin Halides (Perovskite) is act as a sensitizer in perovskite solar cells. A= Organic Cation (CH3NH3 +) B= Metal Cation (Pb or Sn) X= Halide ions (I-, Br-, Cl-)
- 7. First perovskite solar cells J.Am.Chem.Soc. Vol.131, no, 17, 2009 pp. 6051 In 2009, Miyasaka et al. used organometallic perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) and (CH3NH3PbBr3) in DSSC and achieved efficiency of 3.8% and 2.6% respectively.
- 8. Solar Conversion Efficiency of PSC
- 9. Superiorities of Perovskite Material • High absorption coefficient • High efficiency • Small exicton binding energy (25 meV) • low cost • Solution-Processable • High diffusion length, high charge-carrier mobilities (it means that the light-generated electrons and holes can move large enough distances to be extracted as current, instead of losing their energy as heat within the cell). • very high values of open-circuit voltages (Voc) typically obtained
- 10. Challenges: • Device Structure • Hysteresis • Instability due to moisture, temperature, UV and Oxygen. • Toxic material such as Lead (Pb)
- 12. Band Gap Tuning • Bandgap tuning is required to extend the absorption to longer wavelengths without sacrificing the absorption coefficient. • Changing in any of A, M and X in AMX3 changes the bandgap • The bandgap also can be tuned in between 1.55 eV and 1.17 eV by varying the ratio of lead to tin 12 Small Volume 11, Issue 1, pages 10-25, 30 OCT 2014 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402767 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.201402767/full#smll201402767-fig-0002
- 13. Device structure • The device structure, related materials, and interfacial modification are key factors in performance of solar cells. • Two typical structures can be constructed: a) mesoscopic nanostructure and b) planar structure. • Mesoporous TiO2 layer usually is used to collect the electrons • Organic Hole transporting material (HTM) collects the holes • Planar structure has simpler structure and higher efficiency 13 Small Volume 11, Issue 1, pages 10-25, 30 OCT 2014 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402767 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.201402767/full#smll201402767-fig-0004
- 15. •2012 Nam Gyu Park (Sungkyunkwan U., South korea) Teamed up with Grätzel, over 9% efficiency.
- 16. Synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD • Nam Joong Jeon, Hag Geun Lee, Young Chan Kim,Jangwon Seo, Jun Hong Noh, Jaemin Lee, and Sang Il Seok J. Am. Chem. Soc., DOI: 10.1021/ja502824c
- 17. Factors affecting Stability of Perovskite Layer • Moisture • UV Light • Temperature • Oxygen •Metal electrode
- 18. Exposure to water vapour
- 19. Chlorobenzene
Editor's Notes
- Buchwald−Hartwig amination reaction