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Al-Rumaila Square: A Study on the Perception of the Space
- 1. Al-RumailaSquare Plaza of the Sultans &Kings A StudyonthePerceptionoftheSpace By:AhmedYahiyaEnab
- 2. Important Note: ALL PHOTOGRAPHS ARE COPYRIGHTED TO THE RESEARCHER THEYCANBEDOWNLOADEDAT http://flickr.com/blackpix AND NOTTOBEUSEDFORNON-EDUCATIONALPURPOSES SourceofMethodology: Matej NikĹĄiÄ, âWhat makesmysquare?â http://www.uirs.si,matej.niksic@uirs.si References: http://www.alltalaba.com/ http://www.landcivi.com/ http://ar.wikipedia.org/ Introduction
- 4. Research Methodology Introduction Meaning 1. IslamicCairo,andtheSpaceâsLocation 2. HistoryoftheSpace. 3. TheSpaceâsPresent(RemainsoftheSpaceâs ArchitecturalElements). PhysicalCharacteristics 1. SpaceLocation,andAreaofStudy. 2. VisualElementsinside,andaroundtheSpace. 3. ApproachestoSpace. 4. Space Closures(WallsoftheSpace). 5. TheFoldingoftheSpace (ChangesinHorizontal, andVerticalPlanes). 6. ScalesoftheSpace (InRelationtotheHuman Figure). 7. Space Details(Floors,Furnishings,Plantation,etcâŚ) Activities 1. PositiveandNegativeActivitiesinsidetheSpace.
- 5. Research Process Introduction Documentation Meaning 1. HistoryofSpace 2. TheSpaces LinktoHistoricCairo Physical Characteristics 1. ApproachestoSpace 2. MentalImageofSpace Analysis S.W.O.T. Analysis ofthe Space Suggestions Activates Based Approach Meaning Based Approach Documentation Analysis Suggestions
- 7. Historic Location Documentation Meaning 1. River Nile 2. HistoricCity 3. Citadel 4. Muqattm Hills 5. Misr 6. Old Cairo 7. Al-Fustat 8. North Cemetery 9. South Cemetery 10. Bulaq HistoricCairo& theSpaceâsLocation thespaceweârestudyingisknownformanynames,of them: 1. Quraminad(FirstMamlukiname) 2. Al-Remaila(Ottoman name) 3. Al-SultanHassanSquare(AUC Archives) 4. Al-Qalâa(Citadel)Square(popularby busdrivers) 5. Al-RefaâySquare(alsopopularby busdrivers) 6. MuhammadAâliSquare 7. Salahal-Din Square(currentofficialname) Thistellstheimportanceofthesquare,anditshistorical meaning. TheSquareliesin theheartofwhatwecall nowHistoric Cairo.
- 8. Historic Location Documentation Meaning TheSpaces LinktotheHistoricCity Thespaceislinkedtootherpartsofthehistoriccityviaal- Darbal-Ahmarstreet,whichleadstoal-Qasaba,andthen totheheartofFatimidCairo. 1. Al-Remaila Square 2. Al-Darbal- Ahmar 3. Al-Qasaba 4. TheFatimid Walls
- 9. History of the Space Documentation Meaning Thesquareâshistorygoesback tothedaysofAhmedibn-Tulun;itwasinthisparticularlocation â atthefootofthecurrentdaysâcitadel â wherehe builtthepalacesforhisnewcapital,al-Qataâiâ. TheimportanceofthesquarecontinuedtoincreasethroughthedaysoftheFatimidsandthe Mumluks,whereitwasthemainsquareforthegathering,traininganddisplayofarmies. Itwasalsoa publicparkwithseatsforspectatorsofsportinggames playedby thevariousteamsofyoungmamluks.Themostfamousof thesesportswaspolo,agameofballplayedonthebacksofhorses. Itwasalsoa remunerablesightforthepeopleofCairowhenaforeignclown walkstheairona ropehungbetweenthemaâzanaofal-SultanHassanâsMasjedandthewallsofSalahal-Dinâs Citadel. Thesquarewasalsothedeparturepointofal-Mahmal;thecaravan whichcarriedtheclothcoversofal-Kaâbain Mecca. Polo Payers Polois oneof the oldestequestriansports.At first it wasa training game for cavalry unitsorelitetroops. Tribesmenoftenplayedit with asmany asone hundredto a side,reminiscentof a miniaturebattle. Thegame isbelievedto have originatedin Persia(now Iran)and spreadto Arabia,thento Tibet. The Mahmal WhenShagaratal-Durr madethe pilgrimage to Mecca in royalstate,shetraveledin a richly decorated caravan.Whenshewasunableto make thepilgrimage again,shesentthe Mahmal, orornamentalcaravan, empty, but imbuedwith an auraof royalpower.When al-ZahirBaybarsbecamesultanin 1260, he maintainedthecustom of the emptyMahmal.
- 10. History of the Space Documentation Meaning WhenMuhammadâAlitokeovertheruleofEgypthestartedtorebuildhisarmiesandopennew militaryschoolsinsidethewallsoftheCitadel,thetrainingtookplacein theal-Remayasquare wherethestudentswereobservedbyMuhammadâAlihimself. DuringthedaysofIsmailthesquarewasrestored,planted,enlargedandlinkedtoMuhammad âAliStreettobecome oneofthelargestsquaresofCairo. Todaythesquareseeslessdenseractivates,and itâsusedasamajortrafficroute,butstillthe gatheringofarchitecturalmonumentssurroundingthespace,speakofthebetterdaysthissquare hasseen. Muhammed Aâli After Napoleon'sevacuationin 180 I, theMacedonian Ottoman army officerMuhammad Aâliarrived asthe appointedpasha. Tenyearslater,he murderedthe remaininginfluentialMamluksand adoptedEgypt as hisprivateestate. From thenon,he encouraged foreignerswith talentandknow-howto come to Cairo andbuilda moderncity, in a stylealiento Cairo's characterandtradition.
- 12. Space Location Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âIntroduction01 Thespaceliesatthewesterncornerofwhatwecall IslamicCairo.Thespaceislinkedtothehistoriccityviaal- Mahgarstreet,andthenal-Darbal-Ahmarstreet,which leadstoal-Qasabaâ theheartoftheIslamiccity.Itisalso directlylinkedtoal-SaidaAisha,andal-SaidaZainab squares,viaal-Salibaand al-SaidaAishastreets.Thespace isalsoconnectedtodowntownCairothrough MuhammadAâlistreet,whichleadstoal-Aâatbasquare.
- 14. Like theMuhammadAâli street,butmoreinteresting,the Shaikhounstreetprovidesaâterminatedvistaâofthetwo masjedsofthesquare,thisvistastartstoappearatthe Ibn- Tulunmasjed Shaikhoun Street Al-SaidaZainabSquare Ibn-TulunMasjed Al-RumailaSquare Thesquareslink toal-SaidaZainabsquare,andtheviewfromIbn-Tulunâsmasjed. Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 15. Again,andlike theMuhammadAâlistreet,theShaikhoun streetsplitsintotwominorstreets,one leadsdirectlyto thesquare,and theotherleadstoal-SaidaAishastreet. Shaikhoun Street Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 16. Thestreetendingatthesquare,passesby thecrowdsat theâal-KhalefaPoliceStationâ,anditsadjacent governmentbuilding.The streetthenendswitha fine panoramaofthesquare. Shaikhoun Street Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 18. TheotherarmoftheShaikhounstreet,goes bytheback of thegovernmentbuilding,ontheleft,andontherightit passesbysomecommercialbuildings,amodernmasjed, anda smallworkshop. Shaikhoun Street Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 19. Therearetwointerestingthingsaboutthisstreet,one is thefinevistaoftheMuhammadAâli masjeditgivesatits end. Shaikhoun Street Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 21. ThelongstraightstreetofMuhammadAâli providesafine âterminatedvistaâoftheSultanHassan,andal-Refaây masjeds.ThestreetthensplitsintoSultanHassan,and al- Refaâystreets,whichleadtothesquare. Muhammad Aâli Street Level = 21.80+ Level = 28.50+ Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 22. Thestreetisasnaketypelike,withamediumslope. Itsmainfeatureofcourse isthewesternfaçadeofthe SultanHassanmasjed.` Sultan Hassan Street Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 23. Inadditiontotraffic,hestreethassomevisualproblems, like thepoor conditionedindustrialandhousingbuildings alongitsrightside. Sultan Hassan Street BuildingsinBadConditions Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 24. ObscureEdgeWellDefinedEdge Notonlydo thesebuildingsdecreasethevisualqualityof thestreetexperience(talkingqualitybasis),butthere unidentifiedskylineandlack ofcontinuity,decreasethe qualityoftheexperienceonquantitybasis(thestreets definition). Sultan Hassan Street Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 25. Thestreetendsup withafinevistaoftheMuhammadAâli masjedattheCitadel. Sultan Hassan Street Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 26. Thetwistingexperienceofthestreetshould byinteresting, becausethisstreetpasseson fourdifferenthistoric buildings,andtheoverallatmosphereoftheothernon- historicbuildingsisquit oldtoo. Al-Refaây Street Therestorationconditionsofthehistoricbuildingsonthe leftare extremelybad,and theplantationblocksviewsto someofthem. Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 27. Theapproachfromal-Mahgarstreetgainsitsimportance fromthenumberofmonumentswhichthevisitorpasses bybeforeenteringthesquare. Al-Mahgar Street TheSquaresLinktothe HistoricCity 1. Al-RemailaSquare 2. Al-Darbal-Ahmar 3. Al-Qasaba 4. TheFatimidWalls Thepathfromthe Fatimidwallstothe square,contains morethan92Islamic monuments. Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 28. Al-SultanHassanMasjed (far background) Al-MahmodiaMasjed Al-Awkaf Apartments Theintenseslopeofthestreetmake itactasa terrace lookingoverthesquare. Al-Mahgar Street Level = 41.00+ Level = 56.90+ Sectionthroughal-Mahgarstreet. Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 29. Thestreetisastraightlongone aimeddirectlyatal- Mahmodiamasjed. Quramidan Street Thestreetendswitha finepanoramaofthesquarewith thefourdomesapparent. Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 30. OntherightsideitfeaturesthegreatwallsoftheCitadel.Ontheleftliessomelow riseservicebuildings,ahospital, anda school,allsufferinginbad conditions. Quramidan Street Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 31. Thestreetisastraightlongone aimeddirectlyatal- Mahmodiamasjed. Thefreepavedspaceatitsendprovidesthebest panoramicviewofthesquare. Salah al-Din Street Theareaattheend oftheSalahal-DinSt.providesthebestpanoramaofthesquare. Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 33. Themostcrowded,themostscary,themostliving,and the mostEgyptianapproachtothesquare,theapproachfrom al-SaidaAishasquare. Al-Saida Aisha Street Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics -ApproachestoSpace
- 35. Mental Image of Space Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âIntroduction02 ThementalimageofthespaceisderivedbasedontheâLynchâ methodology,whichanalysistheurbanenvironmentinto Landmarks Nodes Edges Paths Districts Gateways Theaboveelementswhererankedbasedonthereimportanceand definitionintomajor,moderate(fair),andminor.
- 36. Landmarks
- 38. Landmarks Al Refaây Masjed MajorLandmark Actsasa complementtotheSultanHassanMasjed,ona micro-urban level.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 40. Landmarks Qainbay al-RamahMasjed Moderate Landmark Anelegantarchitecturalmonument,butitsviewisunfortunately obscuredbytheunusedspacebeforeitand bythemetalfence surroundingit. Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 42. Landmarks Al-AzabGate, and Masjed Moderate Landmark Thegrandstairs,theminaret,andthecommunicationtowerdistinguish al-AzabgatefromthewallsoftheCitadel.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 43. Landmarks MuhammadAâli Masjed MajorLandmark Thoughnotinsidethespace,itsmagnificentlocationmakesita strong dominatingfocalpoint.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 45. Landmarks A GovernmentalBuilding MinorLandmark Itscolors(theorange,andyellow stripes),highlydistinguishitfromthe surroundinglow risebuildings.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 46. Nodes
- 47. Nodes Space Behind the Sultan Hassan Masjed MajorNode A gathering,andrestingplace behindtheSultanHassanmasjed, speciallyaftertheFridayprayer.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 48. Nodes TheSpace before al-RamahMasjed MinorNode ThespaceisusuallycrowdedaftertheFridayprayer,butfortherestof theweekitâsa playgroundforschoolboys.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 49. Nodes TheCitadel walls Parking Area MinorNode Thoughofficiallyaparkinglot,thechildrenfrequentlyfillthespacewith lifeeachday afterschooltime.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 50. Nodes TheSquare Fountainand Roundabout Moderate Node Whitheritâsagoodthing,orabad thing,I donâtthinkitneedsa comment.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 51. Nodes The Salah al-DinPark MajorNode A calmand pleasantnode, itsonlydisadvantageisthehighfence surroundingmostofit.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 52. Nodes Planted Islands Moderate Node All plantedislandsatroadintersectionsareusedasrestingplacesfor visitors,andaplacewherethepoor,andthehomelessgather.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 53. Paths
- 54. Paths ThePath between the Tow Masjeds Pedestrian Routs A gloriouspath,whichrecallstheurbancharacteroftheancientIslamic lands.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 55. Paths TheRamp before al-RamahMasjed Pedestrian Routs Therampconnectsal-Mahgarand al-Refaâystreets,andprovidesgood viewsofthemarvelousQaynbayal-RamahComplex.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 57. Paths TheSultan Hassan Street Routs for Vehicles ThestreetgoesaroundthewesternfaçadeoftheSultanHassanmasjed, andmergeswithal-Refaâystreetattheend oftheMuhammadAâlistreet.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 58. Paths Al-RefaâyStreet Routs for Vehicles Withal-Lalamasjedasastartingfocalpoint,al-Refaâystreetisatwisting pathwhichlinksthesquaretotheMuhammadAâli street.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 59. Paths Al-MahgarStreet Routs for Vehicles Thismaybethemosthistoricallyimportantpathofthemall, itleadsto al-Darbal-Ahmarstreet,whichleadstoal-Qasaba-theheartofthe Fatimidcity. Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 60. Paths Quramidan Street Routs for Vehicles ThestreetsholdstheMamlukinameofthesquareâQuramidanâ,its prettyempty,andgoesbythewallsoftheCitadel,andends atal-Saida AishaSquare. Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 61. Paths Salah al-DinStreet Routs for Vehicles Thestreetholdsthecurrentnameofthesquare,thespacealsoends at al-SaidaAishasquare,andisfilledwithworkshops,anda fewservice buildings. Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 62. Paths Al-Saida Aisha Street Routs for Vehicles Holdingthenameofitsfinaldestination,thestreetisacrowdedmarket place,abusstation,and aplaceforfuneralsand weddingfestivals.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 63. Edges
- 64. Edges TheFencesaround the Monuments Moderate Edge Themonumentsareall surroundedbya metalfence,Ireallydonâtseea reasonforthatatall, butitsjustone oftheunnecessaryproceduresof thesecurityforces. Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 65. Edges TheCitadel Walls MajorEdge Themostdefiningedgeofthespace,itâsa visualandphysicalbarrier, which makesthemindwonderwhateverhappened behindthatwall.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 66. Edges TheFenceof the Salah al- DinPark Moderate Edge A metalandbrickfence,separatesthewonderfulparkfromtherestof thespace,thefenceprotectsthepark,butsurelyhidesitsbeauty.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 67. Edges Fencesaround Green Areas MinorEdge A low pointedfencesurroundsmostofthegreenareasin thesquare, prohibitingpublicaccesstoit.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 68. Gateways
- 69. Gateways Gateway to the Two Masjeds (Back) MajorGateway A ceremonialgatemarkstheentrancetoal-SultanHassanandal-Refaây masjeds,fromMuhammadAâlistreet,itsatback entrance,surlythe wrongplace. Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 70. Gateways Gateway to the Two Masjeds (Front) Moderate Gateway A dull, prisonlikegateway,markstheentranceofthemostcelebrated monumentofIslamicarchitecture,what'smissingisa signsaying âYouâreNotWelcomeâ. Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 71. Gateways Gateway to Salah al-DinPark Moderate Gateway A Strangegateway,withabsolutelyno pointatall, becausethespaceof al-Mahmodiaiscompletelyopenfromtheback.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 72. Gateways Al-AâzabGate MajorGateway A monument,a landmark,andagateway,unfortunatelyclosed, and deserted.Al-AâzabgatemarkstheentrancetothemysteriousCitadel.Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 73. Gateways Gateway to al-Mahmodia Masjed Moderate Gateway Anexpectedgatewayforthefencedpark. Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 74. Districts
- 75. Al-Mahgar MajorDefined District Definedbyitsrelativelyhighlevel, theoldandpoor districtsurrounds thesquarefromeasttonorth. Districts Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 77. Areabehind Mustafa Kamel Mausoleum Moderate Defined District TheMustafaKamelHospital,andal-SaidaAishaschool. Districts Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 78. 2 Salah al-Din Square Moderate Defined District A bunch oflow-riseworkshops,andsmallindustrialandservice buildings. Districts Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 79. Al-Saida Aisha Moderate Defined District Themostcrowdedandlivingdistractofthemall, withamarketplace,a busstation,and thefamousmasjedofal-SaidaAisha. Districts Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 80. Masaken al-Kalâa MajorDefined District A housingprojectacrosstheSultanHassanstreet.Distinguishedbyits regularforms,anddetails,butsharespovertywithitssisterdistracts. Districts Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 81. Al-Khalefa Moderate Defined District A typicalEgyptiancommon âshaâbyâsuburban,withmulti-landuses, randomplantation,snakelike streets,andeverything. Districts Documentation PhysicalCharacteristics âMentalImage
- 83. Evaluation Method Analysis S.W.O.T. Analysis -Introduction Theevaluationmethodofthespaceisbasedonthe S.W.O.T.concept, whichistoanalyzeaspectsofthespace basedon their: â˘Strengths â˘Weakness â˘Opportunities â˘Threats Theaspectschosenforevaluationwere: â˘Access& Linkage â˘Sociability â˘Comfort& Safety â˘TouristValue
- 84. ThreatsOpportunitiesWeaknessStrengths Access&Linkages Policeblocksboth traffic and pedestrianaccess,sometimes. Notraffic lights, insufficientwalkable paths. Accessto historicstreetscould be furtherexposed. Visualaccessfrom andto the outside of the space. Noparking lotsnearthe main nodes.Thespacedrownsin a generousflow of publictransport. Theview of thecitadelis to be damagedby a buildingblock. Analysis S.W.O.T. Analysis -Evaluation
- 85. Opportunities Sociability Weakness Importantpartsof thespacearenot welcoming. With noproperplaceto sit, thespace is notfriendly. Lots of unusedspaces,with great enclosure,andsensation. Other functionslike meditationcould be addedeasily. Threats Streets,andparking spacesare dangerousplacesforchildren. Strengths Thoughall Islamic,the spaceoffers diversityof scales,periods,anduses. Thespaceisfine onthe childishscale. Analysis S.W.O.T. Analysis -Evaluation
- 86. Opportunities Comfort&Safety Weakness Mostof the times, thisisnot the cleanestsquareinEgypt. Theplantationin the squareisnot very useful,orbeautiful. Threats Some placesarenot very safefor childrento play. Some times,lost dogsdominateparts of the square. Strengths Policeforcessecurethespace,to the levelof boredom. TheSalahal-Din parkhasa great potential,whichcouldbeaddedto the square. Analysis S.W.O.T. Analysis -Evaluation
- 87. Opportunities TouristValue Weakness Elementsof the spacearein a desperate needforpreservation. Accessto thesoutherncemetery, and al-Gamaliacan be easilygranted. Threats Whiletaking a photo, youcan simply die(by vehicletraffic). Strengths Thespaceisan attractionto various typesof people. Analysis S.W.O.T. Analysis -Evaluation
- 89. Suggestions Alternativesâ Activity BasedSuggestion Suggestion Concept Theconceptofthissolutionisbasedon there-useofthe spaceanditssurroundingarias. Thefunctionssuggestedarebasedonthehistoryofthe spaceanditsvitaltouristicvalueandlocation. Thefunctionssuggestedare⌠1. Stone,andothermaterialscraftingworkshops, classes,andexhibition. 2. Amarketplace,fordistributionofthecrafts,and theirproducts. 3. Re-usageoftheSultanHassanasaschoolfor religiousandculturalclasses. 4. A publicopenspaceforceremonialuse,andfor usageasaprayerspace. 5. Public restaurantsandcafeteriastoservethepublic ofthenewspaces.
- 90. Suggestions Alternativesâ Activity BasedSuggestion Road Network Inordertofulfillthesuggestionâsgoals,theroadnetwork hasbeenre designedtoallow foranopenpublic space, tunnelshavebeenusedtolink majorroads,otherroads werere-directedorremoved. Above groundRoads RoadsUnderground TunnelsStarts Thecurrentroadnetwork.
- 91. Suggestions Alternativesâ Activity BasedSuggestion Road Network Inordertofulfillthesuggestionâsgoals,theroadnetwork hasbeenre designedtoallow foranopenpublic space, tunnelshavebeenusedtolink majorroads,otherroads werere-directedorremoved. Above groundRoads RoadsUnderground TunnelsStarts Thecurrentroadnetwork.
- 93. Suggestions Alternativesâ Activity BasedSuggestion Twomajorvehicleroads,andnosafepedestrian accessto the space. Smallindustrial buildingsandworkshops. CurrentSituation
- 95. Suggestions Alternativesâ Activity BasedSuggestion Stone,andother materialscraftingworkshops, classes,andexhibition. Theareabetweenthe workshopsandal-Saida Aishamarket couldbe usedforstorageandopen workshops. A market opento thespaceto distributethe crafts, andits products. ActivityBased
- 96. Suggestions Alternativesâ Activity BasedSuggestion Thebuildingof the craftsworkshops complementsthe citadelwalls,andfurther definesthe spacein-between. the publicrestaurantsandcafeterias,and the market, act alsoasshadedmeeting placesinside the newspace ActivityBased
- 97. Suggestions Alternativesâ Activity BasedSuggestion There-useof buildings,like al-SultanHassan, andthe Citadelpalaces,as schools,andlibraries. Theflooringof thespacescouldbe directedto al-Qubla,to be easilyusedasan openprayer space. ActivityBased
- 98. End Notes: Thisresearchistobeconsideredpartofalargescaleplan,tosaveand reusetheIslamic monumentsofCairo. Theareaofstudycan notbedetachedfromotherareasofthecitylike,theCitadel,al-Gamalya,al- SaidaZainab,andotherhistoricareas. And intheend Iwouldlike tothankall thosewhohelpedme throughoutthisresearch,andI apologizeforitsincompleteness(speciallythesuggestionspart),hopingit could becompleted lateron throughotherresearchwork. Thankyouforyourinterest. AhmedYahiya,2008 Introduction