2. IMPORTANCE OF DYES
• WHAT IS DYE:
Dyes can be said to be coloured, ionising
and aromatic organic compounds which
shows an affinity towards the substrate to
which it is being applied. It is generally
applied in a solution that is aqueous. Dyes
may also require a mordant to better the
fastness of the dye on the material on
which it is applied.
3. IMPORTANCE OF DYES
• WHAT IS PIGMENT
• PIGMENTS ARE GENERALLY COLOURED, ORGANIC OR
INORGANIC SOLID POWDER, AND USUALLY ARE INSOLUBLE.
THEY ARE NOT AFFECTED PHYSICALLY OR CHEMICALLY IN
THE SUBSTRATE IN WHICH THEY ARE INCORPORATED.
PIGMENTS CAN GIVE A FULL RANGE OF COLOURS. PIGMENTS
HAVE A VARIETY OF APPLICATIONS THAT INCLUDES PLASTICS,
INK, AND COATING APPLICATIONS.
•
4. IMPORTANCE OF DYES
WHAT MAKES THE DYES COLOURED?
THIS IS A VERY COMMON QUESTION THAT OCCURS IN
EVERYBODY'S MIND. THE ANSWER TO WHICH IS
EXPLAINED BY THE PRESENCE OF A SUBSTANCE
CALLED CHROMOPHORE IN THE DYES
5. IMPORTANCE OF DYES
• ALTHOUGH DYES INCLUDING TEXTILE DYES WERE DERIVED FROM NUMBER OF
VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL SOURCES, MODERN DYES ARE SYNTHETIC ORGANIC
COLORANTS.
• UTILIZATION
• NEARLY EVERY INDUSTRY USES COLORANTS IN ONE WAY OR ANOTHER. ABOUT
7,000 DIFFERENT DYES AND PIGMENTS EXIST AND NEW ONES ARE PATENTED
EVERY YEAR. DYES ARE USED EXTENSIVELY IN THE TEXTILE (FABRIC USED IN
CLOTHING) INDUSTRY AND PAPER INDUSTRY. LEATHER AND WOOD ARE COLORED
WITH DYES. FOOD IS OFTEN COLORED WITH NATURAL DYES OR WITH SYNTHETIC
DYES THAT HAVE BEEN APPROVED BY A FEDERAL AGENCY (PROVEN SAFE FOR
HUMAN CONSUMPTION). PETROLEUM-BASED PRODUCTS SUCH AS WAXES,
LUBRICATING OILS, POLISHES, AND GASOLINE ARE COLORED WITH DYES. DYES
ARE ALSO USED TO STAIN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES, FUR, AND HAIR. AND SPECIAL
DYES ARE ADDED TO PHOTOGRAPHIC EMULSIONS FOR COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS.
PLASTICS, RESINS, AND RUBBER PRODUCTS ARE USUALLY COLORED BY
PIGMENTS.
•
6. IMPORTANCE OF PESTICIDES
• PESTICIDES ARE CHEMICALS THAT ARE USED TO
DESTROY, REPEL, OR OTHERWISE LOWER PEST
INFESTATIONS TO PROTECT CROPS FROM DAMAGE.
• INSECTICIDES ARE PESTICIDES USED TO CONTROL
INSECTS, HERBICIDES ARE PESTICIDES USED TO
CONTROL WEEDS, FUNGICIDES ARE PESTICIDES USED TO
CONTROL FUNGI AND NEMATICIDES ARE PESTICIDES
USED TO CONTROL NEMATODES.
7. IMPORTANCE OF PESTICIDES
• THOUGH PESTICIDES POSE MANY POTENTIAL RISKS, THEY
ALSO PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING IMPORTANT ADVANTAGES
AND BENEFITS:
1. PESTICIDES ARE READILY AVAILABLE AND EASY TO USE.
2. WHERE RESISTANCE IS NOT A PROBLEM, PESTICIDES ARE
GENERALLY HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FOR CONTROLLING PESTS.
3. PESTICIDE TREATMENTS CAN BE RAPIDLY IMPLEMENTED AS
NEEDED WITH MINIMAL LAG TIME.
4. PESTICIDES CAN BE USED OVER LARGE AREAS TO CONTROL
LARGE POPULATIONS OF PESTS.
5. PESTICIDE TREATMENTS ARE OFTEN COST EFFECTIVE,
ESPECIALLY IF THE ALTERNATIVES REQUIRE LARGE
INCREASES IN HUMAN LABOR.
6. NO EFFECTIVE, RELIABLE, NON-CHEMICAL ALTERNATIVES ARE
AVAILABLE FOR MANY PESTS AND CHEMICAL PESTICIDES ARE
THE LAST RESORT.
8. IMPORTANCE OF PESTICIDES
• INCREASE FOOD PRODUCTION
• DECREASE COST OF FOOD
• ALLOW CONSUMERS TO CONSUME HIGH-QUALITY PRODUCE
THAT IS FREE OF INSECT BLEMISHES AND INSECT
CONTAMINATION.
• CROP PROTECTION CHEMICALS THAT REDUCE AND, IN SOME
CASES, ELIMINATE, INSECT DAMAGE ALLOW THE CONSUMER
TO PURCHASE HIGH-QUALITY PRODUCE FREE OF INSECT
FRAGMENTS.
9. IMPORTANCE OF PESTICIDES
• HOUSEHOLD PEST CONTROL
• HERBICIDES ARE USED TO CONTROL VEGETATION THAT
CLOGS NAVIGABLE AND OTHER WATERWAYS OR
THREATENS TO OBSTRUCT HIGHWAY, UTILITY AND
RAILROAD RIGHTS OF WAY.
• PESTICIDES ARE USED TO PROTECT AND ENHANCE
LAWNS, GARDENS, PUBLIC PARKS, PLAYING FIELDS,
LAKES AND PONDS FOR PUBLIC ENJOYMENT.
• PESTICIDES ARE IMPORTANT IN THE PREVENTION AND
TREATMENT OF TERMITE INFESTATIONS IN BUILDINGS.
