Factual Data on terrorism in Pakistan Slides will cover;-- Definition of terrorism Other Causes of Terrorism Pakistan and Global Terrorism Index Major Problems of Terrorism Factual Data Terrorism and Economic growth National Action Plan Army Courts Afghan Migrants

1. Terrorism and Pakistan [B]
SOC-714: Social Problems of Pakistan
Prepared By: Aftab Ahmed

2. 4/8/2020

3. Contents to be Covered…
 Definition of terrorism
 Other Causes of Terrorism
 Pakistan and Global Terrorism Index
 Major Problems of Terrorism
 Factual Data
 Terrorism and Economic growth
 National Action Plan
 Army Courts
 Afghan Migrants
4/8/2020

4. Contents to be Covered…
 Karachi Operation
 Impact of Terrorism-GTI
4/8/2020

5. Definition of Terrorism…
 Terrorism is derived from a Latin word “terror” which
mean “great fear”.
 The use of violence and threats to frighten, especially
for political purposes.
 Systematic use of violence to threaten government or
societies in such a way as to achieve a certain goals.
 According to Christopher Hitchens “terrorism is the
tactic of demanding the impossible and demanding it at
gunpoint.
4/8/2020

6. Definition of Terrorism…
The global terrorism database (GTD) defines a terrorist
attack as „the threatened or actual use of illegal force and
violence by a non-state actor to attain
◦ a political,
◦ economic,
◦ religious, or
◦ social goal
through fear, coercion, or intimidation.
4/8/2020

7. Other Causes of Terrorism
Negligence of government towards sectarian issue.
 Govt put a blind eye on such a burning issue, killings due to the
sectarian hate is the result of poor govt policy.
Weak judicial system & judiciary.
 Complete Failure of Civil Courts in delivering justice, not a single
terrorist was hanged by the civil courts.
Culture of Feudalism in Pakistan.
 Zamindars own 32% of cultivated land in Pakistan, suppressed
community often rises violently against this injustice leading to
extremism in the society.
Religious Institutions
 Spreading hatred on sectarian basis.
4/8/2020

8. 4/8/2020
According to Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)
security report.
1. Total 657 terrorist attacks.
2. Including 41 of a sectarian nature.
3. Total 907 people died.
4. Almost 1,543 were injured.
Terrorist incidents in Pakistan from (2001-
2006)

9. Terrorist Incidents in Pakistan from
(2001-2014)
PIPS report shows visible increase in suicide attacks after
Lal Masjid operation.
1. Over 40,000 civilians were died in attacks.
2. Over 5,000 members of the Pakistani army have died
in combat.
3. Damaging Pakistan Economy almost US$67 billion.
4/8/2020

10. 4/8/2020source: global terrorism index 2017

11. 4/8/2020
The Marriott Hotel in Islamabad, Pakistan shortly after a massive truck
bomb detonated just outside the entrance on September 20, 2008

12. MAJOR PROBLEMS OF TERRORISM…
Political Instability:
◦ Lack of law and order
◦ Bad governance
◦ Corruption
◦ Unequal distribution of wealth
Economic conditions:
◦ Low purchasing power
Social Injustice:
◦ Due to suppression by Zamindars and Jagirdars, a suppressed
community often rises violently against the injustice leading to
extremism in the society
4/8/2020

13. Conti…
Class Differences
◦ Huge gap between rich and poor
Religious extremism
◦ Suicide bombings and terrorists activities are carried out by the
people who claimed to be Muslims
◦ The so called scholars of Islam are responsible for these acts
◦ Who are gravely mistaken in their understanding of the issue of
jihad
◦ Madressas centers of hate-preaching to young minds are the
critical part of the problem.
4/8/2020

14. Conti…
Sectarian conflict
◦ The sectarian anti-Shiite militant groups like the Sipah-i-Sahaba
Pakistan were preaching hatred against the Shiite Muslims and
employing some terrorist activities.
Two types of terrorists groups in Pakistan
◦ Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan target civilians and military personnel
◦ Lashkar-e-Jhangvi is a anti-Shia sectarian organization
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15. 4/8/2020

16. 4/8/2020
Sectarian violence in Pakistan…

17. DRONE ATTACK IN PAKISTAN: 2005-2013
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18. 4/8/2020

19. Terrorism and Economic Growth…
Terrorism has both a direct and indirect effect on
economic growth.
 Physical and human capital are the main determinants of
economic growth.
 Terrorism, conflicts and violence destroy both physical
and human capital and destabilize the socio-political
institutions that positively affect economic growth.
 Country with high rate of violence, loose confidence of
investors domestically and globally. Further, both human
and financial resources shift abroad
4/8/2020

20. Terrorism, Economic Growth and
Pakistan…
Reasons for terrorism in Pakistan, which include
among others,
1. ethnicity,
2. illiteracy,
3. income inequality,
4. inflation,
5. high population growth,
6. high unemployment,
7. political instability,
8. poverty, and injustice.
After 9/11, situation changed in Pakistan, Both internal and
external forces are promoting terrorism in Pakistan.4/8/2020

21. Conti…
 Data for 115 countries for the period 2000 to 2015,
Cinar (2017) has found that terrorism has negatively
affected the economic growth of the countries, especially in
low-income countries.
 In Pakistan, some empirical studies are available, but they have
investigated only the direct impact of terrorism on economic
growth and concluded that terrorism has deteriorated economic
growth in Pakistan. (Hyder et al., 2015; Khan et al., 2016; Khan &Yusof,
2017; Mehmood, 2014; Shahbaz et al., 2013).
For further reading: 6 Effect of terrorism on economic growth in
Pakistan an empirical analysis
4/8/2020

22. Conti…
 Terrorism impedes/hinders economic growth by damaging
infrastructure, like;
◦ foreign trade,/foreign investment,
◦ domestic savings,
◦ the currency exchange rate,
◦ tourism, and domestic capital formation,
◦ and by increasing inflation,
◦ brain drain,
◦ capital flight,
◦ debt burden, and
◦ government expenditure, among others.
For further reading: 6 Effect of terrorism on economic growth
in Pakistan an empirical analysis4/8/2020

23. GDP Growth and Deaths by suicide attacks in Pakistan
(2002–15).
4/8/2020

24. Implementing National Action Plan…
4/8/2020
1. Intelligence agencies had arrested 150 people
2. Froze a number of accounts, Rs 10.2 billion
3. Boundary walls of all schools up to 8 feet (2.4 m) and
topping them with 2 feet (0.61 m) high razor wire.
4. PTA has verified more than 70 million SIM‟s and 11
million were blocked.
5. Law enforcement agencies arrested 32,347 people on
different charges in 28,826 operations.
(Established by the Government of Pakistan in January, 2015)

25. FORMATION OF MILITARY COURTS…
As of September 2015,
Pakistan has executed
310 death row
prisoners
4/8/2020

26. Afghan Migrants…
4/8/2020
Source: UNHCR

27. Karachi Operation…
 Operation Against all political
party militant wings
 Arrest of RAW agents from
different areas of city.
 Raid on 90(MQM-headquarter)
 Operation against Lyari gangs
 Operation against TTP
 Hanging of SaulatMirza
4/8/2020
2018 records highest number of
Rangers operations

28. Karachi Operation…
 Total Operation activities: 15,838 were conducted.
 A total of 11,619 terrorists and other criminals were handed over to
the police.
 A total of 169 kidnapped people were also successfully recovered.
The operations were not without casualties, 28 Rangers were
martyred in the line of duty and 100 others injured.
 In 2018 alone, four Sindh Rangers were martyred.
Published inThe ExpressTribune, January 1st, 2019.
4/8/2020

29. THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM…
4/8/2020
Source: global terrorism index 2017

30. Pakistan's Action to Counter Terrorism..
 PACT with a special reference to KPK has been developed [Jan-19]
jointly by the GoP and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
(UNODC) with an aim to strengthening the processes related
to
1. pre-investigations,
2. investigations,
3. prosecutions and
4. adjudication of terrorism related cases.
4/8/2020
With financial support of the European Union

31. Pakistan's Action to Counter Terrorism..
The objectives of the project encompass;
Enhancing the skills and knowledge of law enforcement
officials, Prosecutors and judges while improving
coordination between provincial and federal authorities
including between the National CounterTerrorism Authority
(NACTA), CounterTerrorism Department (CTD) of Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa Police and Islamabad CapitalTerritory (ICT)
Police.
4/8/2020
With financial support of the European Union

32. Project Structure…
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33. Stakeholders of Project…
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34. Your Turn…
Assignment
Prepare a
presentation on
“Impact of
Terrorism on
Tourism of
Pakistan”.
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35. 4/8/2020
“Everyone is worried about
stopping terrorism. Well there is
really an easy way: Stop
participating in it”
-Noam Chomsky

36. 4/8/2020