Return To Rwanda Essay

Return To Rwanda Essay
The first article is called Return to Rwanda, and is written about a man named Jean–Claude Munyezamu, who was forced to flee his home country of
Rwanda during the genocide, but is returning home 20 years later. The main point of this article is to show how the genocide occurred, and show short
and long term effects that the 1994 genocide had and still have on the people of Rwanda. According to the article, the genocide was one that had been
building up for a very long time, possibly from the time Germans began to control the country in 1894. After WW2 Germany was forced to hand the
country over to the possibly even more race obsessed Belgians. As we know, at this time in Europe tall, light skinned, small facial featured peoples
were seen as...show more content...
The tables were instantly flipped, Tutsis were now seen as cockroaches. Tensions continued to build until In April 1994, the Rwandan president
JuvГ©nal Habyarimana plane was shot down. This was the tipping point, and was followed by 100 days of ruthless killings totalling 1 million
people, mostly Tutsis. These 100 days have had a lasting impact on the people of Rwanda. Even though now 20 years later the country is stable
economically and politically, the terror of the genocide lingers in the memories. Everywhere there are buildings, places, and people that have
witnessed the massacre of loved ones. It may have taking a while, but finally Rwanda is again safe for people like Jean who had to flee, to return to
their home where most have somewhat forgiven their murdering neighbours, but never forgotten their loved ones. The second article is called
Geographic aspects of genocide: a comparison of Bosnia and Rwanda. This article aims to educate the reader on how, and why genocides in the past
have occurred from a geographical point of view. The author draws on deep geographical roots in both Bosnia and Rwanda that fueled the
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The Republic of Rwanda Essay
The Republic of Rwanda
As the universe progresses so do different societies and civilizations. From the beginning of mankind there have been many positive and negative
changes. We have seen uproar of conflict within nations and boundaries. This change has been seen evident in countries other than just the United
States, from coast to coast, continent to continent, war and struggle is noticeable. Progress is evident in countries from their period of colonization to
their struggle for independence and struggle in the political arena. The following paper will focus on the struggle and hardships of two distinct countries:
Rwanda and Mexico, countries in search for the power, recognition and...show more content...
Prior to WW1 Rwanda was named Ruanda–Urandi, a territory occupied by Belgium. After WW1 the League of Nations mandated Belgium to
administer Rwanda and in 1946 the country became a Belgium trust territory under the United Nations. During 40 years of Belgium administration, as
under most colonial dispensations, we observe the disintegration, distortion or bastardization of indigenous social and political structures and
consequences.
Until 1959, the Tutsis formed the dominant caste under a feudal system based on cattleholding. In 1959, three years before independence, the majority
ethnic group, the Hutus overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years thousands of Tusis were killed and some 150,000 driven into exile
in neighboring countries. The monopolization of power in the hands of Tutsi constituted a crucial and undisputed factor in firmly establishing the
ethnic cleavage. This colonial intervention caused the groups to become distinct political categories. In a certain sence, we have here an instance of
ethnogenesis (Roosems, 1989), which in the case of Rwanda would inevitably lead to a reaction on the part of Hutu that they have been excluded of
power. Tutsi discourse has drawn inordinate conclusions from the

Ghosts of Rwanda Essay
Ghosts of Rwanda Reflection Does the Genocide in Rwanda have a singular cause? I do not believe so; the cause of genocide in Rwanda in 1994 was
due to years of built up hatred between the Tutsis and the Hutus along with many other occurrences. The Rwandan Genocide is no exception with many
variables contributing to the horrific events that took place. According to the documentary Ghosts of Rwanda, in 1994, Rwanda experienced a
premeditated, systematic and state sponsored genocide with the aim of exterminating those who were ethnically identifiable as Tutsi. Between
500,000 and 800,000 people were killed in a period of 100 days, with around 77 percent of the population registered as Tutsi being murdered.
One of the most common...show more content...
Under the power of Tutsi King Rwabugiri, ethnic differences were established when the King implemented a system in which, in return for labour,
access to land was given. However, this system only applied to Hutu farmers and exempted Tutsi farmers (Eriksson, 1996). During the German
colonization and later the Belgian trusteeship, the Tutsi were also favoured and viewed as superior (Eriksson, 1996). The Belgians increased the
emphasis on the distinction of ethnic identity by issuing cards bearing the nationality designations of Rwandans (Klinghoffer, 1998). The colonisation
by both Germany and Belgium contributed to an ethnic jealousy in Rwanda through treatment of the Tutsi (O'Halloran, 1995). The general
decolonisation in Africa led to the Hutu revolution in which Rwanda underwent the transition from a Tutsi dominated monarchy to a Hutu led
independent republic, which resulted in tens of thousands of Tutsi fleeing into exile (Eriksson, 1996).
The Akazu aimed to accelerate racist prejudice in Rwanda, first by extending the threat of the RPF to all Tutsi. This was achieved by various staged
shootings by the army on the capital Kigali, which were blamed on the Tutsi (Uvin, 1998). Hate propaganda was also used to spread fear and hate
against the Tutsi. This propaganda was financed by Akazu members and was in various different mediums including the state radio station (Dadrian,
2004). Also during this period, a

Rwanda Essay
Approximately 2 billion working adults, especially in developing countries, do not have access to a safe account at a financial institution. Moreover,
according to the World Bank, more than 59 percent of working adults do not have access to an account simply as a result of low income, implying that
these financial institutions are not yet attainable for low income users. Being one of the least developed countries, Rwanda has a population with about
89 percent of its adults owning a financial account under formal and mainly informal sectors in 2012. According to the FinScope Survey, Rwanda is
one of the leading countries in East Africa with the highest accessibility to financial inclusion despite having a poverty rate of 33 percent in...show more
content...
Through the commercial bank, SMEs, or small and medium–sized enterprises, can benefit from credit funds where the bank is able to use funds to
provide loans to small businesses. More low–income citizens can also have access to insurance through the bank in which households can obtain
health insurance without paying lump sum, allowing them to work and live better to promote a better lifestyle. Ultimately, the Rwandan government
and the National Bank established Vision 2020, in which they hope to reach "80 percent financial inclusion by 2017 and 90 percent by 2020" as a
way of achieving poverty reduction. Throughout the country, the National Bank created saving groups, which are social groups promoting the idea of
lifting Rwandan citizens out of poverty by forming little groups in provinces with the goal of saving the same amount of money weekly; from 2010 to
2014, the National Bank was able to create more than 28,000 saving groups with the support of local partners and international governmental and
non–governmental organizations, (NGOs) including USAID, the leading U.S. government agency that is working on global issues such as poverty;
through the saving groups project, USAID has developed 1,028 saving groups, and all the NGOs were able to help Rwandans save about 14 billion
Rwandan francs, which is equivalent to approximately $16.5 million.
Aside from promoting financial inclusion nationally, Rwanda has begun joining other countries, hoping to

Rwanda Research Paper
For my individual essay I chose the country of Rwanda. I have chosen this country due to the fact I have a friend from this country so I have always
been extremely interested in it. One of several things that have peaked my interest is the amount of war that has taken place there over the past many
years. Also, the fact that the weather in Rwanda is beautiful almost year around except for some rainy seasons. It is also such a beautiful country with
mountains, volcanos, and lots of vegetation. Rwanda has many similarities to the United States like their government, religion and judicial system.
Although these things do not mirror the ones in the United States the do share very similar aspects.
Rwanda is made up of three ethnic groups. Twa a small hunter–gatherer group make up one percent of the population. Twa is also credited for first
settling there sometime between the 5th and 11th century. TheHutu who are the biggest group making up eighty–five percent of the population are
believed to be closely related to the Twa. Lastly the Tutsi who make up fourteen percent of the country's population. They are believed to have settled in
Rwanda sometime...show more content...
Some other religions practiced here are Muslim, and Atheism among other very small religions. Rwanda is also very diverse when it comes to
languages the most common languages spoken is Rwanda, properly known as Kinyarwanda, English, and French. Rwanda a Bantu language is spoken
by most all Rwandans. English and French have traditionally been spoken by only a small percent of the population, even though English was named
in Rwanda as the language of educational instruction in 2008. Swahili also spoken in the country is still considered the primary means of
communication to most other Africans from neighboring

An Inside Look at Rwanda Essays
Rwanda is one of the smaller countries in Africa located south of the equator in Central/ Eastern Africa. It has a number of lakes, the largest being Lake
Kivu. Mountains cut through the majority of Central and Western Rwanda, its Eastern border, however consists of swamps, savannas and plains.
Rwanda is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The country is home to various cultures and languages
such as Kinyarwanda (Bantu) and French. Although mostly recovered, the devastation of the 1994 genocide still plagues the country. This included the
mass killings of Rwandans led by the political elite name Akazu. The Tutsi's, one of the two major cultures inRwanda, population was drastically
affected by the...show more content...
This lead to the Rwandan Civil War. The Civil War occurred from October 1st, 1990 to August 4th, 1993 between the government of President Juvenal
Habyarimana and the Rwandan Patriotic Front. The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) is the current ruling party in Rwanda led by president Paul
Kagame, who took office in 2000. The Civil War ended with the signing of the Arusha Accords, which established a power
–sharing government in
which both parties shared equal power. This lead to the most apparent conflict in Rwanda was the Genocide of 1994 killing 20% of total population
and 70% of the Tutsis. This was the beginning of the RPF taking the offensive once more. The genocide was planned out by a political elite named
Akazu, who held high government occupations. (usaid.gov) The date of the Rwandan genocide was April 7th, 1994 to mid July. The perpetrators in the
mass murder were the Rwandan army, the national police, government backed militias including Interhame and Impuzamungambi, and Hutu civilians.
During this time some half a million to a million Rwandans in both the Tutsi and Hutu were mass murdered, wiping out 20% of the population.
Augustin Bizimana played an important role in the Rwandan genocide as the minister of defense who supplied civilians and Rwandan Armed Forces
(FAR) with weapons. Augustin Bizimurgu was a former general of the FAR who trained military and militia men

European Colonialism in Rwanda Essay
In the era of colonialism, European authorities all cynically insisted that they acted to promote such higher commitments entitled the "white man's
burden," a vital aspect claimed to be in their national interest and of prodigious importance. Yet when these global and transnational forces
increasingly usurp the power of states, in order to determine their own fiscal policies, newfangled ideologies spread, and eventually rivals spur in
conflict and tragedies befall. Such a case was found in the dramatic fallout of the Rwandan Genocide. The root of the carnage is entwined in the
European colonialism in Rwanda; where the hunger for power and land lied in Belgium colonist's interest. Ultimately, upon their unwanted arrival,
European colonists...show more content...
This course of categorization produced profound effects that echoed in the future history of the country; for during the Rwandan genocide 78 years
following, these identification cards told Hutu extremists ultimately who to kill and who to amnesty.
With this conceded class distinction came the fight for reigning ability, and amidst this power vacuum, Rwandans fell victim to conflicting groups and
crime, the eventual building blocks that lead to the massacre of 800,000 civilians. The origins of this ethnic loathing and in turn ethnic genocide can be
secured to European colonialism, where those who arrived to colonize and yield the wealth of western knowledge, instead carried racist beliefs.
Through this haunting event in history, when foreign governments unfittingly place their ideologies in unknown territory, revealed is how uninvited
nations can destabilize a state by stimulating ethnic warfare, causing it to collapse and crumble through conflict.
Leaders hope to collect public support by describing ultranationalist actions in terms of high moral purposes in their nation's interest– promising to
bring, justice, democracy, peace, economic prosperity and civilization to the affected region. Though when the greed to meet these goals crosses the
lines of altruistic morality, where ultranationalist sentiments evidently overlook basic humanitarian limits leading to

Rwanda Personal Statement
Beginning in 2008, I have traveled numerous times to the central African nation of Rwanda to perform a wide range of research on the country's
history, genocide and rebirth. While my studies on Rwanda began with a focus on better understanding the 1994 genocide, also referred to as the 1994
Genocide against the Tutsi, it grew and developed. Since my first visit to Rwanda, I have become passionate in better understanding Rwanda and the
surrounding Great Lakes region, which includes the Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Burundi, Central African Republic, Kenya and Tanzania.
I want to continue my academic career at the Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace at Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
because of the unique opportunity...show more content...
These experiences became vital for my education as I was able to meet, interview and become close with members of the Rwandan government
and civil society. It enhanced my understanding of specific research topics as well as introduce me into new fields of research. For example while
performing my PhD research in 2014, Rwandans wanted to discuss with me about Operation Protective Edge, which led to me publishing Rwanda,
Israel and Operation Protective Edge for Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs. This experience is one example of Rwanda's desire to understand and
develop closer relations with Jews, which I wish to research more on. Israel's recent re–engagement with the African continent, such as with Rwanda,
brings new possibilities in understanding Israel's foreign relations as well as Rwanda's post–genocide development. After close examination, I am
confident that the Truman Institute provides the best capability for this

Rwanda And Belgium : Rwanda
Rwanda and Belgium
When atrocities take place in the world, society tends to forget and move on without proper historical reasoning, this is what took place in Rwanda.
Before the colonization by Germany and Belgium, Rwanda was divided into two prominent groups. The elite Tutsi, and the Hutu, who were peasant
farmers. Due to competition, greed, and envy every European Nation wanted to divide and conquer Africa for themselves. Germany and Belgium did
not take into consideration the different tribes when they agreed to divide Rwanda up for natural resources and profit. The greed of Belgium and long
standing rivalry between two tribes steered a once prosperous Kingdom into turmoil. The colonization of Rwanda is one of the many precursors that
...show more content...
Even though there was already a system in place that was already quite unequal, the relationship between the two were civil, until the 19th century
(Haperen 120). Racial tensions increased and colonialization intensified the distinction between the two both racially and economically.
The colonization of Rwanda began in 1884 at the Berlin Colonial Conference. The territory of Rwanda was given to Germany. "The German
Government set up military post in Rwanda beginning in 1891 and introduced civil administration in 1907 (Newbury, 257)." The Germans did not take
direct control of the territory, instead colonial rule via local leaders was instituted. The colonial perception on Africans were based on racist and
ignorant views (Haperen 99). The Hamitic Hypothesis was then brought into the picture. This Hypothesis suggests that everything of value in Sub
Saharan Africa was brought by the Hamites, "a people inherently superior to the native populations" (Sanders). The Tutsi were then chosen because
their Caucasoid qualities are more European than The Hutus. The Germans choose Tutsi over theHutu primarily because of skin color, size of the
nose and eye color. They were given power because these qualities showed that they were more intelligent and more fit to rule. The goal was to pick
the ethnic group that looked more white. This continued to fuel the

Rwanda Genocide Case Study
1.The UN should have definitely taken more action to prevent the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. The UN has the resources and manpower but it seems
that the UN is only motivated by monetary gain. Based on the reading, the UN stated "We will recommend to our governments not to intervene as
the risks are high and all that is here are humans." (Dallaire & Beardsley, 2003. p. 121) indicates that the members of the UN only take action if it's
in their best interest. In my opinion, the UN should disregard any gain and put human life at the top of their priorities. If they had done so during
1994, the civil war might not have become a genocide, saving the lives of

Hotel Rwanda Essay
Hotel Rwanda
Some people can't resist trying to be someone they really aren't. In the film Hotel Rwanda, the main character changed his own styles just to fit in with
the Europeans and think that the Europeans will treat them as if he was a real European. And when times of crisis come along, he finds out that the
Europeans have always looked down at them. After that, he understands that what he's been doing was not himself and he changes.
Paul Rusesabagina, the main character, works as a manager in a hotel in Kigali, Rwanda. Because of his work, Paul interacts with a lot of powerful
Europeans and he plans on building it up so he can call them for help if there is any need in the future....show more content...
More and more people were going into the Mille Collines to hide from the Hutus.
With high hopes, the Europeans will be sending an intervention force that can help stop the genocide. But when the intervention forces do come, they
are only there to escort the foreign nationals back to Europe. There will be no stopping the slaughter. The forces will leave with the foreigners. The
U.N. colonel tells Paul that the superpowers and the Europeans think that the Rwandans are dirt and not worth the superpowers to save. The Colonel
says that Rwandans are not even African Americans; they are only Africans.
From that point on, Paul remembered who he really was, a Hutu, and stopped dressing like he used to and started to dress less formal. No more
tuxedos and ties, just a button down shirt. This is a quote from Paul in the film addressed to all the guests in the hotel, "Many of you know influential
people abroad. You must call these people. You must tell them what will happen to us. Say goodbye, but when you say goodbye, say it as though you
are reaching through the phone and holding their hand. Let them know that if they let go of that hand, you will die. We must shame them into sending
help."
Not long after the people made phone calls, the U.N. colonel came with exit visas for a number of families. All the people

Rwanda Persuasive Essay
Less than 20 years ago more civilians were murdered in Rwanda in a three–month spree of madness than during just about any other three–month
period in human history, including the Holocaust. No country in Africa, if not the world, has so thoroughly turned itself around in so short a time.
Kagame's government has reduced child mortality by 70 percent; expanded the economy by an average of 8 percent annually over the past five years;
and set up a national health–insurance program(Gettleman 1). In Rwanda, vagrants and criminals have been collected and taken by the police and sent
to a youth "rehabilitation center". In Rwanda there are not even large slums due to the fact that the government does not allow it. The controversy of
this topic is if Rwanda should have amended the constitution to allow Kagame to run for a 3rd term? The fact is that Rwanda should have amended
the constitution to allow Kagame to run for a 3rd term...show more content...
The regions around Robert Mugabe have fallen apart under loose governments. Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe ran a beautiful, prosperous nation
straight into the ground. Also like The Democratic Republic of Congo's Joseph Kabila, who is said to play video games while his country falls
apart(Gettleman 1). Kagame routinely stays up to 2 or 3am to go through issues of The Economist or study progress reports from red–dirt villages
across his country. He is constantly searching for better, more efficient ways to save the billion dollars his government gets each year from donor
nation. These things show exactly what other nations in the region should be trying to do with the money they are given. This matters because
although Kagame runs his country in a way new to Africa, what he does for his country works and shows what others should be doing. Staying up for
long hours and working hard to help Rwanda has benefit the country and many of Rwanda's neighboring countries could learn from looking at what
Kagame

Essay On Genocide In Rwanda
Heartbreak and Loss Inside a Nation
Harmony turned power hungry. The Tutsis, tall warrior people, invaded the homeland of the Hutu farmers. The Tutsis had fewer numbers. Yet, they still
conquered the Hutus. There was a compromise: if the Tutsis raised the crops the Hutus would in turn protect them. They lived as one, spoke the same
language, and intermarried. However, when Belgium withdrew their troops a power vacuum spread rapidly throughout the rugged Rwandan plains.
The Tutsis and Hutus civil war turned into a mass genocide that lasted for months. Some 600 years after, the Hutus pushed aside theTutsi and finally
regained their rightfully deserved control. Now, Rwanda is at peace, but concerned with AIDS and other diseases. It is made lots...show more content...
Instead of confronting the Hutus with words or nonviolent protests, the Tutsis began a warfare. I learned that no more than half of the Tutsi andHutu
groups can read and write in their native language. Belgium and Germany must have seen this as an advantage. The Tutsis who held military power
inherited it from the colonia lpower and don't want to share fully with the Hutus. A news reporter stated, "The German and Belgian invaders shrewdly
manipulated the Tutsi and Hutu with the age–old, highly effective "divide and rule" strategy." If the Tutsis and Hutus had been educated they would
have realized that. If they had a higher education they could have run for office, instead of electing a king. They were smart enough to form an army,
train children with deadly weapons, and kill millions of people. The only difference between the two groups is economical, rather than ethical. Once
they began the assassinations they could not stop the slaughter. At first the Hutus were victims of the atrocity, but once they regained power terror
struck down on the Tutsis. All the unfair distribution of resources such as, wealth, and education powered their fight. Segregation was also a fuel that
was ignited every time they were called "dark

Refugees In Rwanda Research Paper
"How can I ever forget the scene where my husband was massacred right in my presence. It was a nightmare. It was a nightmare. I live through it
every day and it is engraved forever in my memory."
During one April, not so long ago, the world sat back and watched as a turbulent political situation in central Africa turned into something the world
will never be able to forget. 800,000 people murdered in just 100 days, 800,000 people needlessly slaughtered at the hands of extremists, 800,000
men, women, and children gone because of a more serious problem rooted in social prejudice and inequality, 800,000 killed in a genocide that the
world could do nothing about until it was too late. Almost 50 years after the world pledged to never let...show more content...
Next, the issue of return and repartition will be explored, including the issues of the forced repartition of refugees as well as the socio–political factors
that returning refugees and the Rwandan government must not only face, but deal with. Finally, this paper will talk about the future for Rwanda and the
future of refugees within the Great Lakes region of Africa. In order to help visualize the processes of refugee movements, as well as the geography of
the Great Lakes region, a map of the region has been included in Appendix 1.
The Creation of a Refugee Crisis: War and Genocide
The violent events of 1994 were not something that occurred by surprise or without warning. Ethnic tensions and political unrest have fueled a hostile
environment within Rwanda as well as within other countries in the surrounding Great Lakes region for many years, the roots of which date back to
well before the conflict in 1994 began. In order to truly understand the genocide that occurred, events dating back to 1959 and even before must be
briefly examined. A majority of the ethnic tensions throughout the tumultuous history of Rwanda lies within the two major groups known as theHutu
and the Tutsi. As Tony Waters points out "There

Rwanda Genocide Politics
The Politics of "Us versus Them
The Rwandan Genocide
I chose to write about the Rwandan Genocide, because I remember vividly the news accounts that broadcast images of its ravages during the 1990s.
The conflict was identified as an ethnic conflict with very little context provided. Like most Western observers lacking knowledge of the history of the
region, I saw the conflict as both complex and senseless. The course chapter on the Rwandan Genocide was very especially informative, and inspired my
further study on the topic.
The conflict in the Rwanda Genocide was a devastating example of a deep–rooted, identity–based conflict that took place within the Rwandan Civil
War. Dr. Anastase Shyaka points out in "The Rwanda Conflict: Origin,
(Pubblicato da Africa Report) The revolution reinforced the racial identities created by the European colonists, and thousands of Tutsis were killed.
(Mironko) In the1961 coup of Gitarama, Hutu leaders proclaimed a republic, and elections were held the same year. The PAMEHUTO won a majority
of 77.7% of the vote. One oppressive system was replaced with another, as the Hutu elite replaced the Tutsi monarchy. (Prunier) As Hutus came to
dominate politically, economically and socially, the first wave of Tutsis fled to neighboring countries– mostly those who had been displaced from
positions of power. Their land, cattle, homes, and businesses were seized.

Rwanda Research Paper
Located in Central Africa, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and north of Burundi, the Republic of Rwanda is predominantly rural, and its
population relatively young; additionally, its population density is one of the highest in Africa. Humans began inhabiting the region between 8,000
BCE – 3,000 BCE, and had structured themselves into various clans (Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa) by the 15th century. The Tutsi Nyiginya clan grew to be the
more dominant, and during the 19th century, under the reign of King Kigeli Rwabugiri, reached its greatest expansion. Hutus make make 84 percent of
the population, Tutsi 15, and Twa 1 percent.
The territory of Rwanda was assigned to Germany as part of German East Africa in 1884. Under German ruling,...show more content...
In some cases, Hutu civilians were forced to murder their Tutsi neighbours by military personnel. Participants were often given incentives, such as
money or food, and some were even told they could appropriate the land of the Tutsis they killed. The mass killings in Rwanda quickly spread from
Kigali to the rest of the country, with some 800,000 people slaughtered over the next three months. In response, more than 2 million people, nearly all
Hutus, fled Rwanda, crowding into refugee camps in the Congo and other neighboring countries.
The international community largely remained on the sidelines during the Rwandan genocide. A U.N. Security Council vote in April 1994 led to the
withdrawal of most of a U.N. peacekeeping operation.. As reports of the genocide spread, the Security Council voted in mid–May to supply a more
robust force, including more than 5,000 troops. By the time that force arrived in full, however, the genocide had been over for months.
Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but several thousand remain in neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo. Paul
Kagame became President of Rwanda in March 2000. In August of 2003, he won a landslide victory in the first national elections since his government
took power in

Humanitarian Aid In Rwanda Research Paper
The proliferation of the crises throughout the world has led to a keen grow in the scale of humanitarian aid obligatory to meet the vital needs of the
people affected by them for shelter, food, medical care and water. The humanitarian organizations can either addresses these requirements straight or
support the local services occupied in the same work. In most cases, both procedures that used. Wounds, torture, malnutrition, illness, harassment,
extra–judicial executions, disappearance and also forced displacement of the people can found in armed conflicts. Apart from their direct outcome on
the individuals agitated, the effect of these disasters for local systems must also review and the destruction of crops and places of cultural importance,
Rwanda is enmeshed in another cycle of repression, with an elite that represents a definite minority involved in legal and extra–legal policies that
impoverish the majority of the people in the country. Unfortunately for all concerned, while the foreign aid is essential for the evolution of Rwanda
and to raise it out of poverty, this same foreign aid is continuing the crisis and the government laws by and for the elite Tutsis who came out of
Uganda in 1994 and their little group of allies. Despite, aid that flows to that government have the perverse effect of enabling this group to keep
control even when that power begins from purposefully restricting the growth of the huge majority of people in the country. The civil war took place
in Rwanda in the 1990 and 1994 and subsequently spread to the DRC and caused an enormous loss of human capital through countless victims. The
war also destroyed the infrastructure and equipment, public and private buildings. Additionally, rich sources were diverted toward war activities.
Additionally, productive resources were diverted toward war activities. Hakizimana, E., Endless, B. (2009, April 15). Rwanda Today: when foreign aid
harms more than

Rwanda Chapter Summary
1.The Rwandan 1994 genocide was an absolute tragedy in African history. Before reading this book, I didn't know much about it. I knew that there
was a war in a small African country where a whole ethnic group was almost wiped out. I knew that there was a woman who had to stay hiding in a
tiny bathroom for three months along with several other women. I had this information because in my fifth grade English class we were reading The
Diary of Anne Frank and her story about the Jewish Holocaust. Immaculee Ilibagiza, the author and narrator of the book, was just made an American
citizen, so we spent the whole class reading about her life and her journey throughout the Rwandan Holocaust. Before reading this book, I had no
knowledge of the country,...show more content...
It was between the Hutu and the Tutsi tribes. There was always tension between the two groups, but when the president's plane was shot out of the
sky, the Hutus decided that they wanted to eliminate the Tutsis for good. The Tutsis were being viciously killed for no good reason, but finally after
100 days, the RPF took over and was able to save the remaining Tutsis. This all occurred in the African country,Rwanda, which is one of the smallest
countries on the continent and one of the poorest in the world. The Hutus were an ethnic group in the country of Rwanda. They had control over the
government at the time. Hutus made up about 85% of the country. Tutsis were another ethnic group. They made up about 14% of the country. There
really was no segregation between the two parties. They lived in the same neighborhoods, spoke the same language, shared the same history, had the
same culture, attended the same schools and churches, and worshiped the same God. Their lives were lived the same way; however their physical
appearance differed. As Immaculee put it in chapter 2 on page 17, "the differences between Tutsis and Hutus were more difficult to spot: Tutsis were
supposed to be taller, lighter–skinned, and have narrower noses; while Hutus were shorter, darker, and broad– nosed." Left to Tell has informed me on
many things about the Rwandan country and its

I decided to surf the internet in search of inspiration, and I found it on the mediate.com website. Robert Benjamin's article "Hotel Rwanda and the
Guerrilla Negotiator" definitely caught my eye...particularly since I had checked the DVD out from the library last Friday but hadn't yet watched it.
Benjamin's article piqued my interest enough to do some additional research on Rwanda, and passion was born.
While a colony of Belgium, Rwanda was separated into two tribal groups which many say was based on physical characteristics such as the wideness of
the nose: the common Tutsi (majority), and the upper–class Hutu (minority). For many years, the Tutsis were powerful and mistreated the Hutus. In
1962, Rwanda gained its independence from...show more content...
As the UN refugee camp reached overload, Rusesabagina is continually asked to provide sanctuary for more Tutsi refugees. Through continued
wheeling, dealing, and manipulation, Rusesabagina is directly responsible for saving the 1,268 lives. He and his wife adopted two surviving nieces
and now reside with them and their own three children in Belgium.
Benjamin points out that almost every scene in the film showcases the power of negotiation "as a means of survival even in the face of vile and
irrational human behavior", adding "there is much to be gleaned from the gritty style of negotiation that is compelled in those circumstances."
Benjamin calls this "guerrilla negotiation", adding "borne out of necessity, not ideology, he or she operates solely by their own wits, earning credibility
and trading on their ability to convey a personal sense of authenticity."
Armed with Benjamin's perspective in my mind, I found it easy to spot the ongoing negotiation he noted...and just as easily realized I probably
wouldn't have categorized it as such if I hadn't read the article first.
Clearly, Rusesabagina reads people exceedingly well, recognizes what it will take to get what he wants/needs from them, masterfully communicates
what they need to hear, and triumphs. Perhaps the most moving example in the movie is when Rusesabagina is ordered to execute his own family and
instead manages to buy their safety.

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