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1. Presenter ID: 181-23-5270
Presentation on
Sulphur dyes and it’s application on textiles
Course Code: TE-321
Course Title: Textile Wet Processing-II
01

2. Table of Contents
01 02 04
Introduction History Dyeing process
02
05
Defects of
sulphur dye
03
Characteristics
0806 07
ConclusionStrippingUses

3. Introduction
03

4. • Inexpensive, water insoluble dye which is
most commonly used for dyeing denim
fabric.
• So called as they contain sulphur linkage
within dye structure.
• Sulphur Black FF - Most important class
of sulphur dye.
Introduction:
04

5. 05
• Cheap
• Easy application.
• Saves up to 92 percent water, 30
percent energy and 87 percent
cotton waste.
• Wide range of black shades.
Introduction:

6. History
06

7. • 1873-Cachou de laval (saw dust, caustic soda and
Sulfur)
• 1893-Vidal Black (fusing para-phenylene diamine
with Na2S and Sulphur).
• In 1897-Immedial Black FF (2, 4-dinitro-4-
dihydroxy diphenylamine with Na-poly
sulphide).
• In 1896 Red Holliday (grey, brown and black
Sulfur dyes by the action of Sulfur, alkali
sulphides and many organic compounds.)
History:
07

8. Characteristics
08

9. • Water insoluble .
• Good light fastness with a rating 4 out 8
in blue scale.
• Excellent wash fastness with rating 3-4
out of 5 in grey scale.
• Good chemical resistance.
• Not applicable for protein fibers.
Characteristics:
09

10. Dyeing process
10

11. Dyeing process
Dying OxidationReduction
11

12. • Breaks sulphur linkage within the molecules and
turns water insoluble dye into water soluble
leuco form.
• Dye-S-S-Dye + 2[H] Dye-SH + HS-Dye
• Reducing agents: Na2S, Na2S2O4, C2H4O2S
Reduction:
Water insoluble
sulphur dye
Water soluble
sulfur dye
(leuco form)
Reducing
agent
12

13. • Dyed fabric in presence of electrolyte.
• Soluble sulphur dye + Cotton Dyed cotton
Dyeing:
Leuco compound Soluble sulphur
dye in cotton
13
Electrolyte

14. • Thios groups are readily oxidized by the action of
atmospheric O2 or any other oxidizing agents and
reconverts water soluble leuco form of Sulphur dye
into previous water insoluble form.
• Dye-SH + HS-Dye + [O] Dye-S-S-Dye + H2O
• Oxidizing Agent: K2Cr2O7, NaBO3·nH2O,
Na2CO3·1.5H2O2, Na2O2, H₂O₂
Oxidation:
Water insoluble
sulphur dye
Water soluble
sulphur dye
(leuco form)
Oxidizing
agent
14

15. Defects of sulphur
dye
15

16. Causes:
• Excessive delay between lifting of the
material from the dye bath and washing off.
• Exposure of goods to air while dyeing.
• Too much common salts as exhausting agents.
• Insufficient Na2S in dye bath.
• Strong dye liquor in the dye bath.
Bronziness or Dullness of shades:
16

17. Remedies:
• Good washing and dilute solution of Na2S
(0.1%) at 300C.
• Treatment with boiling soap solution or a
strong Na2S solution.
• Treatment with a solution containing 10%
saponified palm oil at 600C.
Bronziness or Dullness of shades:
17

18. Causes:
• Gradual oxidation of Sulphur to H2SO4 on
storage.
• After treatment with copper salts
• Presence of iron as an impurity
• The method of oxidation in uncontrolled
manner
Sulphur black tendering:
18

19. Remedies:
• Treatment of dyed material with 1-3% of
K2Cr2O7 and 1-3% of CH3COOH at 60oC
temperature for 30 minutes followed by
through rinsing.
• Treatment with a little CH3COOH
• Treatment with 5 gm/liter soda ash after
dyeing followed by drying without rinsing.
Sulphur black tendering:
19

20. Uses
20

21. • Umbrella cloth.
• Cotton fabric.
• Denim fabric.
• Rubber material.
Uses:
21

22. Stripping
22

23. Treatment with a warm solution of Na2S
in the presence of polyvinyl pyrolodine
or NaOCl or bleaching powder (2-3
gm/liter of available chlorine) or KMnO4
or NaOCl in presence of NaOH.
Stripping:
23

24. Innovation
24

25. 25
Zero Sulphur Product:
• Less toxic products.
• Safe for health.
• Can be used to dye fabric for upper
body products.
Electrochemical dyeing:
• Product savings.
• Less chemicals require.
• Unsurpassed chemical compatibility.
• Better fastness properties.
Innovation:

26. 25
Foam dyeing:
• Getting more attention worldwide.
• Eco-friendly.
• 99 percent water saving.
• 89 percent less chemical.
• 65 percent less energy.
Innovation:

27. Conclusion
26

28. 27
Sulphur dye is one of the most important
dye in our everyday dyeing application
specially an essential dye for our denim
industry. Also newer innovation is also
going on about this dye and hopefully will
be able to utilize this dye without less
environment pollution in future.
Conclusion:

29. Thank you
28