Industrial chemistry Cement & Soap

1. Industrial Chemistry:
Cement & Soap
Presentation on

2. Sl.
No
Name of Group Members ID Program Contribution
1 Sankar Kumar Ghosh 16306007 BSCE
2 Mohammad Rakib Hossen 16306008 BSCE
3 Md. Abdul Wazed 16306010 BSCE
4 Saimum Islam Same 16306011 BSCE
5 Md. Mahedi Harun 16306012 BSCE
6 Abid 16306013 BSCE
7 Md. Shahadat Ali 16306014 BSCE
8 Md. Mahbub Alam 16306017 BSCE
9 Kamruzzaman Shipon 16306021 BSCE
Group Name: H2O (Water)
Group leader Name: Kamruzzaman Shipon

3. Definition of Industrial Chemistry
Industrial Chemistry is the branch of chemistry which
applies physical and chemical processes towards the
transformation of raw materials into products that are
of benefit to humanity.

4. 1)Pharmaceutical Companies
2)Polymer Manufacturing
3)Petrochemical Processing
4)Food Science
5)Manufacturing Industries
The Branches of industrial chemistry:-

5. Industrial Chemistry are involved in:
Ideas, design, testing – making a
product as good as it can be
 Industrial chemistry is part of the long chain in the design and
manufacturing process. Industrial chemists deal with the ideas,
the design, the testing, and prototyping of new industrial
products. In order to design something entirely new to help
solve the major problems of the world their essential skills are,
in-depth knowledge and application of chemistry and
creativity with chemicals.
 Whereas a chemical engineer deals with the whole process
of changing raw materials into a useful, marketable product,
an industrial chemist would look specifically at the nitty gritty
science stuff, scrutinising the chemical components and

6. designing a ‘method’ for the product then work out the best way to
make it. The industrial chemist precedes the chemical engineer in
the process of bringing something to market.
▪Whereas a chemical engineer deals with the whole process of
changing raw materials into a useful, marketable product, an
industrial chemist would look specifically at the nitty gritty
science stuff, scrutinising the chemical components and
designing a ‘method’ for the product then work out the best way
to make it. The industrial chemist precedes the chemical
engineer in the process of bringing something to market.
▪Basically, if you want to know exactly where a product comes
from, you should ask an industrial chemist.
▪Whereas a chemical engineer deals with the whole process of
changing raw materials into a useful, marketable product,
Continued….

7. ▪an industrial chemist would look specifically at the nitty
gritty science stuff, scrutinizing the chemical components
and designing a ‘method’ for the product then work out the
best way to make it. The industrial chemist precedes the
chemical engineer in the process of bringing something to
market.
▪Basically, if you want to know exactly where a product
comes from, you should ask an industrial chemist.
▪an industrial chemist would look specifically at the nitty
gritty science stuff, scrutinizing the chemical components
and designing a ‘method’ for the product then work out the
best way to make it. The industrial chemist precedes the
chemical engineer in the process of bringing something to
market.
▪Basically, if you want to know exactly where a product
comes from, you should ask an industrial chemist.
Continued….

8. ▪Industrial chemists work in many different industries –
including petrochemicals, polymers, plastics food, cosmetics,
pharmaceuticals, minerals and new materials.
▪You could find an industrial chemist wearing a number of
different career titles including, research scientist,
development chemist, technical representative, plant
manager, development chemist, production process manager,
operations manager, fuel development chemist, research
scientist, production process manager or operations manager.
You might also find an industrial chemist working in
marketing or management in the chemical industry.
Where do industrial chemists work?

9. Cement is the substance which holds concrete
together, which means that it is extremely, widely used
in our society. It has been manufactured in New
Zealand for more than 100 years, and during this
century production has increased one hundred-fold.
Cement

10. 1. Ordinary Portland Cement
2. Rapid Hardening Cement (or) High Early Strength cement
3. Extra Rapid Hardening Cement
4. Sulphate Resisting Cement
5. Quick Setting Cement
6. Low Heat Cement
7. Portland Pozzolana Cement
8. Portland Slag Cement
9. High Alumina Cement
10. Air Entraining Cement
11. Super Sulphate Cement
12. Masonry Cement
13. Expansive Cement
14. Colored Cement
15. White Cement
Types of cement

11. Some uses of cement.

12. Cement Sector of Bangladesh

13. ▪The manufacture of cement is a two-phase process.
Firstly, Clinker is produced. Most common
methodology of producing clinker is to mix up
calcareous minerals such as chalk, limestone
containing silica and alumina and heat upto 1450
degree C. After cooling it, clinker is formed.
▪Secondly, the clinker is ground with calcium
Sulphates and with industrial processes wastes such
as blast furnace slag, limestone and fly ash to produce
Portland cement.
Technology

14. 1. Wet method (use in Bangladesh)
2. Dry method.
Wet method
water is added to form wet thick slurry and dry process is based
on drying the bulk materials to form a dry powdered meal. The
choice of process depends on moisture content of the available
raw material. When wet raw materials (moisture content over
20%) are available, the wet process can be preferred.
Two basic types of clinker production processes
exist, depending on the way the raw materials are
prepared before entering the kiln system:

15. 1. The dry Portland Composite Cement (PCC)
Ingredients used in PCC Ratio
▪Clinker 65-80%
▪Slag 21-35%
▪Fly Ash
▪Limestone
▪Gypsum 0-5%
2. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) Ingredients
used in OPC Ratio
▪Clinker 95-100%
▪Gypsum 0-5
Dry Method

16. Shah Cement 14.2%
Heidelberg Cement 9.3%
Meghna Cement (MCML-King) 7.4%
Seven Circle BD Ltd. 6.9%
Lafarge Surma Cement Ltd. 6.7%
Holcim BD Ltd. 6.4%
Unique Cement (Fresh) 6.1%
MI Cement (Crown) 4.9%
Premier Cement 4.0%
Akij Cement 3.7%
Royal Cement 3.0%
Mongla Cement (SKS)-Elephant 2.9%
MTC Cement (Tiger) 2.8%
Total market share of largest 13 Companies 78.29%
Market share of major Cement Companies
Company Name Market Share

17. Continued….
Market Share of Multinational Cement Companies
Company Name Market Share
Heidelberg 9.31%
Lafarge Surma 6.67%
Holcim 6.45%
Cemex 2.78%
Emirates 1.64%
Total Market Share 27%

18. Physical chemistry of Cement

19. Raw materials for cement manufacture:-
Calcium Silicon Aluminum Iron
Limestone Clay Clay Clay
Marl Marl Shale Iron ore
Calcite Sand Fly ash Mill scale
Aragonite Shale Aluminum ore refuse Shale
Shale Fly ash Blast furnace dust
Sea Shells Rice hull ash
Cement Kiln dust Slag

20. Chemical process of cement production
• 8CaO+Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O 2 CaSiO3+Ca3(Al2O3)2+2H2O
• 2CaO+SiO2→2CaO.SiO2
• 2CaO+Al2O3→2CaO.Al2O3
• 3CaO+SiO2→3CaO.SiO2
• 3CaO+Al2O3→3CaO.Al2O3
• 4CaO+Al2O3+Fe2O3→4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3
1.
% 𝐶𝑎𝑂
%𝑆𝑖
𝑂2
+%𝐹
𝑒2 𝑂3
+%𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3
= 1.9-2.15
2.
%𝑆𝑖𝑂2
%𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3
= 2.5-4
1350°

21. ▪Cement manufacture causes environmental impacts at all
stages of the process. These include emissions of airborne
pollution in the form of dust, gases, noise and vibration when
operating machinery and during blasting in quarries, and
damage to countryside from quarrying. Equipment to reduce
dust emissions during quarrying and manufacture of cement
is widely used, and equipment to trap and separate exhaust
gases are coming into increased use. Environmental
protection also includes the re-integration of quarries into the
countryside after they have been closed down by returning
them to nature or re-cultivating them.
Environmental impact of cement

23. ▪A soap is the sodium salt (or potassium salt) of a long
chain carboxylic acid (fatty acid) which has cleansing
properties in water.
▪It is a salt of a strong base (NaOH) and a weak acid
(carboxylic acid), so a solution of soap in water is basic
in nature.

24. Soap
Definition:
Soap a Sodium or potassium salt of long-chain
fatty acid.
General formula of soap:
RCO𝑂−
N𝑎+
or RCO𝑂−
𝐾+

25. Chemical process of soap production.
CH2-OCO-R
|
|
CH2-OCO-R =O
|
CH2-OH
CH2-OH
|
R=Cn H2n+1
n=12-18
General formula of soap:
CH2-OCO-R + NaOH → 3R-C-ONa + CH-OH

26. How Soaps are Prepared?
𝐅𝐚𝐭 𝐎𝐫 𝐎𝐢𝐥
(𝐀𝐧 𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫)
𝐒𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐦 𝐇𝐲𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐱𝐢𝐝𝐞
(𝐀𝐧 𝐚𝐥𝐤𝐚𝐥𝐢)
𝐒𝐨𝐚𝐩
(𝐒𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐦 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐭
𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐝)
𝐆𝐥𝐲𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐥
𝐀𝐧 𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐡𝐨𝐥
• The process of making Soaps by using Fats, Alkalis
and Oils is called Saponification.
• Soaps are made by heating the animal fats and oils
with concentrated Sodium Hydroxide Solution
(Caustic Soda).

27. Examples of soaps are :
❖ Sodium Stearate
❖ Sodium Palmitate

28. Sodium Stearate ( C17H35COO-Na+ ) :-
Sodium Stearate soap is the sodium salt of a long
chain saturated fatty acid called stearic acid.
Sodium stearate soap has along alkyl group
(C17H35) and an ionic carboxylate group (COO-
Na+).

29. Sodium Palmitate (C15H31COO-Na+) :-
Sodium Palmitate ‘soap’ is the sodium salt of long
chain saturated fatty acid called stearic acid
(C15H31COOH).

30. Structure of a Soap Molecule
A soap molecule is made up of two parts : a long
hydrocarbon part and a short ionic part
containing COO-
Na+
group. The soap molecule
is said to have a tadpole structure.

31. Procedure:
1. Place 10 g of palm oil in a beaker.
2. Slowly and carefully add 15 cm3 of 6 moll dm-3 concentrated
sodium hydroxide Solution.
3. Gently heat the mixture, stirring with glass rod until the oil
layer becomes invisible.
4. Add 20 ml of water and 12 g of sodium chloride into the
mixture and stir.
5. Cool the mixture.
6. Filter the mixture.
7. Rinse the solid soap with distilled water and dry the solid soap.
Describe how soap can be prepared in laboratory

32. USES OF SOAPS
We use soaps on daily basis.
Following are some uses of soaps:-
• Washing hands
• Washing clothes
• Cleaning utensils

33. LIMITATIONS OF SOAPS :-
Hard water contains calcium and magnesium salts.
Soap is not suitable for washing clothes with hard
water because of two reasons :-
➢ When soap is used for washing clothes with hard water, a large amount of
soap is wasted in reacting with the calcium and magnesium ions of hard
water to form an insoluble precipitate called scum, before it can be used
for the real purpose of washing .
So a larger amount of soap is needed for washing clothes when the water
is hard.
➢ The scum (or the curdy precipitate) formed by the action of hard water on
soap, sticks to the clothes being washed and interferes with the cleaning
ability of the additional soap. This makes the cleaning of clothes difficult.

34. Cleaning action of soap.

35. 1. Kohinoor chemical industry.
2. Unaliver Bangladesh limited.
3. CUTE BD.
4. Alom grouop of Industry
Soap manufacturing company in
Bangladesh