Education is a best way to improve knowledge

1. Tuberculosis in
children
Presented By-
Mr. Abhishek Rawat
Student of BSC Nursing Third year

2.  OBJECTIVES:
 Introduction
 Definition
 Incidence
 Causes
 Pathophysiology
 Signs and symptoms
 Diagnostic evolution
 Management
 Drug use in TB
 Nursing management

3.  INTRODUTION:
 Tuberculosis is a serious infection disease that mainly
effect the lungs .
 TB bacteria usually attack the lungs but can attack any
part of the body such as kidney ,spine, and Brain.

4.  DEFINITION:
 Tuberculosis is a chronic illness disease caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis .
 TB disease in children under 15 years of age also called
pediatric tuberculosis.

5.  INCIDENCE:
 TB is a 8th leading cause of death in children bw 1 and 4
year of age.
 Children have a lower prevalence rate (5-10%) as
compared to Adolescent (10-30%) and adults (15-30%).
 Each year 1.8 million develop TB.
 In Indian 0.37 million people die because of TB every year.

6.  CAUSES:
 Agent
 Mode of infection
 Host factor
 Environment
 Infection
 Close contacts
 Drug abuse and alcohol
 Pre exist medical condition (diabetes mellitus , chronic
renal failure).

7.  PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:

8.  SIGN AND SYMPTOM:
 Early symptom:
 Fever
 Weight
 Anorexia (eating disorder)
 Haemoptysis (sputum in blood)
 Chest tightness
 Night sweating
 Cough
 Late symptoms:
 Anaemia
 Weight loss
 Weakness
 Difficulty in breathing

9.  DIAGNOSTIC TEST:
 History collection
 Physical examination
 Monteux test(skin test)
 Chest X-ray
 Bronchoscopy
 Chest CT scan
 Blood test

14.  MANAGEMENT:
 Children and adolescent with infection TB should be
isolated.
 Wash your hands after coughing , sneezing , hold your
hands nose or mouth.
 Avoided close contact.
 Sleep a room away from other members.
 Do not attend work and school.
 Vaccination should be Carrie out for all children at birth of
3 month.
 Maintain proper distance to pt.

15.  Drug use in tuberculosis:
The antituberculosis drug are divided 3 major categories-
 First line drugs-
 Isoniazid
 Rifampicin
 Ethambutol
 Streptomycin
 Pyrazinamide
 Second line drugs-
 Kanamycin
 Cycloserine
 Ethionamide
 Capreomycin
 Third line drug-
 Amikacin
 Rifabutin

16. NURSING MANAGEMENT:
 Assess the condition of the patient.
 Provide nutritional diet to improve child heath.
 Prevent spreading of tuberculosis.
 Prevent and treatment of infection.
 Maintain proper hygiene.
 Isolate the pt. in a private room.
 Medical staff wear disposable mask.
 Provide supplement and oxygen as ordered.
 Encourage the pt. to intake excessive fluid.

17.  SUMMARY:
 Now I am going to summarize my topic today we
learns about introduction ,definition, incidence,
causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic, symptoms,
management, drugs, nursing management of
tuberculosis in children.