ores ,mode of occurrence, Indian occurrence , state wise distribution and uses of nickel .

1. NICKEL
ABHIRAM K

2. PRINCIPAL NICKEL ORES
ORES CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
CHIEF CHARACTERS
PENTLANDITE
(Fe,Ni)S
Bronze yellow , Black streak
Metallic lustre, H=3.5-4 ,
S.G-5
MILLERITE NiS
Brass Yellow to bronze yellow , greenish
black streak , metallic lustre ,H =3-3.5 ,
S.G=5.3-5.6
NICCOLITE NiAs
Pale copper red with pale brownish black
streak, Metallic lustre
H=5-5.5
S.G=7.3-7.6
GARNIERITE
Hydrated
Nickeliferous Mg
silicate
Apple green to white , amorphous ,soft and
friable , H=3-4
S.G=2.2-2.8

3. MODE OF OCCURENCE
Nickel Deposits occur mainly in two forms:
1. As Nickel-Copper Sulphide deposits formed by
replacement or magmatic injection
2. As residual concentration of Nickel silicates from
weathering of ultramafic igneous rock.

4.  Nickel silicates (Garnierite)  Ni-Cu silpide Deposite

5. DISTRIBUTION

8. INDIAN OCCURRENCE
 Annual demand for pure Nickel id around 45,000 tonne and its domestic
market is solely reliant on imports.
 However, it is being recovered as nickel sulphate crystals, a by-product
obtained during copper production.
 Nickel occurs principally as oxides, sulphides and silicates in India.
 Important occurrence is nickeliferous limonite in the overburden of chromite
in Sukinda Valley, Jajpur district, Odisha, where it occurs as oxide.
 Nickel also occurs in sulphide form along with copper mineralisation in East
Singhbhum district, Jharkhand.
 In addition, it is found associated with uranium deposits at Jaduguda,
Jharkhand.
 Other reported occurrences of nickel are from Karnataka, Kerala and
Rajasthan. Polymetallic sea nodules are another source of nickel.

9. STATISTICS OF INDIAN NICKEL RESOURCES
 As per UNFC, as on 1.4.2013, the total resources of nickel ore have been
estimated at 189 million tonnes.
 About 92% resources; i.e., 175 million tonnes are in Odisha.
 The remaining 8% resources are distributed in Jharkhand (9 million tonnes)
and Nagaland (5 million tonnes).
 Nominal resources are reported from Karnataka (0.23 million tonnes)

10. STATEWISE DISTRIBUTION OF NICKEL IN
INDIA
ODISHA
 SUKINDA AREA ,CUTTAK DISTRICT: Nickel ores associated with
chromite bodies and are of lateritic type related to intense
weathering & limonitisation of silicified ultramafic rock . Ni-ores
with Average Nickel content of 0.85-1.15% are found in Kansa and
Sarubil-Sukerangi sectors.
 SIMLIPAL AREA, MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT: Ni-ore concentrated within
weathered ultramafic rock , in the laterites and soil cappings.
Nickel % varies from 0.55-0.97% .
 KENDUJHAR: low grade nickel ores associated with altered
ultramafite with average grade 0.2-0.7% have been recorded
here.

11. JHARKHAND
 SINGHBHUM COPPER BELT :
Nickel ore is found associated with copper ore and also found along the
ukkam and Dhoba hills of Bhitardari regions
The Nickel percentage in the ore varies from 0.3-0.8%
Hindustan Copper Limited produces nickel sulphate while refining for Copper at
Ghatsila Smelter ,Singhbhum

12. NAGALAND
POKHPUR, TUEUSANG DISTRICT
Nickel shows maximum concentration upto1.5% in the Goethite matrix within
the tabular body of Magnetite .
It is underlined by ultramafics and overlain by sediments of probable Mio-
Pliocene age .
Average Grade here is 0.63%

13. KERALA:
SREEKANDAPURAM , KANNUR DISTRICT :
Associated with weathered Chlorite- tremolite schist . The nickel valve
ranges from 170-500 ppm.
KARNATAKA:
Hassan & Rampura District , Tumakuru Near Kamasamundra, Mallenahalli,
Rudrapura, Borinakere, Rattanahalli.
TELANGANA :
Khammam Chimalpahad Ultramafic Complex
MAHARASHTRA :
Sindhudurg Kudal-Kankavle-Vagre areas Dabachiwadi

14. USES OF NICKEL
 Used to form alloy with other metals . E.g. : German silver (alloy of Ni-Cu-
Zn), Monel metal(Cu-Ni) , Nickel Brasses etc.
 Manufacture of Steel and cast-Iron
 Coinage , electroplating , storage batteries
 Preferred for many machines ,tools, shafts , automobiles , aeroplanes , ships,
armour plates etc.

15. Nickel mine in Forrestania western Australia

16. NICKEL MINE IN NIGERIA
Thank You.