Abstract--- Binder-chemical admixture compatibility plays a vital role in deciding the performance of concrete especially in the fresh state. Optimum dosage of chemical admixture is helpful in controlling various fresh properties of Self Compacting Concrete(SCC) and avoiding the problems of segregation and bleeding in blended concrete with mineral admixtures such as Ground granulated Blast Furnace Slag(GGBS) and Alccofine(Ultrafine GGBS). The study focusses on optimization of chemical admixture dosage for binary and ternary blended concrete for the production of SCC. Various combinations of binary blended concrete and ternary blended concrete along with control mix(only OPC) are tested for workability properties for passing ability, filling ability and and resistance to segregation(V-Funnel Time). It was observed that concrete containing higher GGBS required lesser dosage of chemical admixture for satisfying workability properties as per EFNAARC guidelines. Alccofinewas added at 5% to compensate for hardened properties. Keywords--- Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Alccofine, Self Compacting Concrete (SCC).

1. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019
Experimental Investigations on Fresh
Properties of Binary and Ternary Blended
Self Compacting Concrete
B.H. Abdul Razak, Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bengaluru, India.
Dr.D.L. Venkatesh Babu, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, ACS College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India.
Abstract--- Binder-chemical admixture compatibility plays a vital role in deciding the performance of concrete
especially in the fresh state. Optimum dosage of chemical admixture is helpful in controlling various fresh properties
of Self Compacting Concrete(SCC) and avoiding the problems of segregation and bleeding in blended concrete with
mineral admixtures such as Ground granulated Blast Furnace Slag(GGBS) and Alccofine(Ultrafine GGBS). The
study focusses on optimization of chemical admixture dosage for binary and ternary blended concrete for the
production of SCC. Various combinations of binary blended concrete and ternary blended concrete along with
control mix(only OPC) are tested for workability properties for passing ability, filling ability and and resistance to
segregation(V-Funnel Time). It was observed that concrete containing higher GGBS required lesser dosage of
chemical admixture for satisfying workability properties as per EFNAARC guidelines. Alccofinewas added at 5% to
compensate for hardened properties.
Keywords--- Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Alccofine, Self Compacting Concrete (SCC).
I. Introduction
Excess use of conventional concrete constituents leads to the depletion of the materials and also production of
ordinary Portland cement (OPC) leads to environmental pollutions. The research work is also aimed at replacing
OPC with mineral admixtures such as Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and fine filler material
Alccofine in order to produce concrete at lower cost with enhanced properties like low heat of hydration, improved
durability, higher long term strength gain. Also manufactured sand (crushed stone sand) has been used in place of
natural river sand for the economy and sustainability of construction. Binary Blended mixes at replacement of OPC
with GGBS 30%,40%,50%,60% were tested. Ternary blended mixes of SCC702505(70% OPC, 25% GGBS, 5%
Alccofine), SCC603505(60% OPC, 35%GGBS, 5% Alccofine), SCC504505(50% OPC, 45%GGBS, 5% Alccofine),
SCC405505(40% OPC, 55%GGBS, 5% Alccofine) were tested for fresh properties of SCC as per EFNAARC.
Control Mix was prepared with only OPC as binder. W/C ratio was kept constant at 0.35.
II. Literature Review
ShaikSabiyaSulthana, O. Nagaraju, J. Guru Jawahar(2019)(1) investigated fresh properties of ternary
blended SCC using fly ash (FA) and alccofine (AF). Manufacturing of SCC was done win two categories to
optimize the dosage of mineral admixtures. It was found that Alccofine usage at 10% satisfies most of the
workability properties of SCC.
MalvikaGautam and Dr. Hemant Sood(2018)(2)studied theeffect of alccofine on properties of concrete. It was
observed that the strength of concrete was increased to a great extent at the replacement of 10%.
BlettyBaby,JerryAntoetal.,(2018)(3) studied the effect of blending cement with fly ash and Alccofine on the
fresh and hardened properties of micro steel fibre reinforced self consolidating concrete(SCC). It was observed that
SCC with 10% replacement of Alccofine showed better results than other mixes. Mixes with Alccofine showed
lesser weight loss when exposed to chlorine, sulphate and alkaline media compared to conventional SCC.
O.R. Kavitha, V.M. Shanthietal(2015)(4) studied the fresh, micro and macro level properties of metakaoline
blended self compacting concrete(SCC). Optimum replacement of Metkaoline for OPC was found to be 10% to
satisfy the fresh properties of SCC. Addition of metakaoline reduced the crack width in concrete as observed in
Scanned Electron Microscope(SEM) analysis.
Ahmet Beycioglu, H. Yilmaz Aruntas(2014) (5) in their experimental investigation studied the effect of Low
Lime Fly Ash (LLFA), Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) and Micronized Calcite (MC) on both workability
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2. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019
and mechanical properties of Self Compacting Concretes (SCCs). The study concluded that due to the spherical
geometry and a smooth surface LLFA particles there was a significant a reduction in the water demand of SCCs.
Substitution of LLFA and GBFS instead of total binder and the substitution of MC instead of total aggregate
improved passing ability, viscosity and flowing ability of concrete.
M.S. Pawar and A.C. Saoji(2013)(6) studied the use of the Alccofine powder to increase the amount of the
fines and hence achieve self – compatibility of Self Compacting Concrete(SCC). It was observed that the addition of
Alccofine in SCC mixes increased the self compatability characteristic like filling ability ,passing ability and
.resistance to segregation. Fresh Properties and harden Properties of SCCs with 10% Alccofine are superior than
SCCs with 5% and 15% of Alccofine.
J. Guru Jawahar1, M.M. Premchandetal(2012)(7)investigated optimization of coarse aggregate blending or
proportion in a given coarse aggregate volume of self compacting concrete (SCC).It was found that the coarse
aggregate blending 40:60(20mm:10mm), 28% to 32% coarse aggregate content is the acceptable range for
successful SCC criteria.
MuctebaUysal,Kemalettin Yilmaz etal.(2012)(8) studied evaluation ofeffectiveness of various mineral
admixtures in producing self-compacting concrete (SCC). Fly ash (FA), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS),
limestone powder (LP), basalt powder (BP) and marble powder (MP) were used as mineral admixtures. All the
mixes satisfied the workability properties of SCC except V-Funnel test.
Mehmet Gesoglu, ErhanGuneyisietal.,(2009)(9) conducted experimental study on properties of Self
Compacting Concretes(SCCs) with binary, ternary and quaternary cementitious blends. The control mixture
included only a Portland cement (PC) as the binder while the remaining mixtures incorporated binary, ternary, and
quaternary cementitious blends of PC, fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and silica fume
(SF). Binary blended concretes satisfied filling and passing ability of SCCs. Only ternary blended concrete
(PC+SF+GGBS) satisfied the viscosity properties along with filling and passing ability as per EFNAARC.
O. Boukendakdji, S. Kenai, E.H. Kadri, F. Rouis(2009)(10)studied the influence of Algerian slag on the
properties of fresh and hardened self-compacting concrete. An optimum slag content of 15% seems to give a good
SCC mixture with workability retention of about 60 min.
ErhanGuneyisi, Mehmet Gesoglu(2008)(11) investigated Properties of self-compacting mortars with binary
and ternary cementitious blends of fly ash and metakaolin. It was found that ternary use of Fly Ash(FA) and
Metakaoline(MK) satisfied all the fresh properties of SCC while binary blends OPC+MK prolonged the V-funnel
flow time.
III.Materials and Methodology
3.1 Materials
Cement: Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) 53 grade
Cementitious materials: GGBS
Alccofine
Chemical Admixtures
PCE based Super plasticizers
Fine Aggregates: Manufactured sand
Water: Potable water
Coarse Aggregates: 12.5mm graded
3.2 Methodology
In the present study following experimental study will be carried out.
• Study on properties of concrete ingredients
• Marsh cone analysis to check compatibility of chemical admixtures and to fix dosage
• Experimental Investigation on fresh properties of binary and ternary Blended Self compacting concrete
(SCC) as per EFNAARC.
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3. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019
IV.Results and Discussions
4.1 Marsh Cone Test Results
Table 1: Marsh Cone test results
Sl.No MIX Optimum Dosage of Type-GSuper Plasticizer(ASTM C494)
1 SCC100 0.75%
2 SCC7030 0.65%
3 SCC6040 0.55%
4 SCC5050 0.50%
5 SCC4060 0.40%
6 SCC702505 0.55%
7 SCC603505 0.52%
8 SCC504505 0.52%
9 SCC405505 0.50%
4.2 Compatibilty Curves with Superplasticizer
Graph 1: Compatibility of SCC 100 mix with retarding
super plasticizer
Graph 2: Compatibility of SCC 7030 mix with retarding
super plasticizer
Graph 3: Compatibility of SCC 6040 mix with retarding
super plasticizer
Graph 4: Compatibility of SCC 5050 mix with retarding
super plasticizer
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% 1.00%
Flow
time,
sec
Sperplasticizer Dosage
COMPATIBILITY OF SCC
100
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% 1.00%
Flow
time,
sec
Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage
COMPATIBILITY OF SCC
7030
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80%
Flow
time,
sec
Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage
COMPATIBILITY OF SCC
6040
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80%
Flow
time,
sec
Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage
COMPATIBILITY OF SCC
5050
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4. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019
Graph 5: Compatibility of SCC 4060 mix with retarding
super plasticizer
Graph 6: Compatibility of SCC 702505 mix with
retarding super plasticizer
Graph 7: Compatibility of SCC 603505 mix with
retarding super plasticizer
Graph 8: Compatibility of SCC 504505 mix with
retarding super plasticizer
Graph 9: Compatibility of SCC 405505 mix with retarding super plasticizer
40
45
50
55
60
65
0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80%
Flow
time,
sec
Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage
COMPATIBILITY OF SCC
4060
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80%
Flow
time,
sec
Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage
COMPATIBILITY OF SCC
702505
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80%
Flow
time,
sec
Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage
COMPATIBILITY OF SCC
603505
40
45
50
55
60
0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80%
Flow
time,
sec
Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage
COMPATIBILITY OF SCC
504505
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80%
Flow
time,
sec
Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage
COMPATIBILITY OF SCC
405505
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5. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019
4.3. Slump Flow by Abram’s Cone (Filling Ability)
Table 2: Slump Flow of SCC mixes
Sl.No MIX Flow,mm Slump Flow Class as per EFNAARC 2005
1 SCC100 736 SF2
2 SCC7030 760 SF3
3 SCC6040 725 SF2
4 SCC5050 717 SF2
5 SCC4060 723 SF2
6 SCC702505 720 SF2
7 SCC603505 703 SF2
8 SCC504505 725 SF2
9 SCC405505 703 SF2
4.4. T50CM Seconds (Filling Ability)
Table 3: T 50CM SECONDS of SCC mixes
Sl.No MIX T 50, sec Viscosity Class as per EFNAARC 2005
1 SCC100 2 VS1
2 SCC7030 5 VS2
3 SCC6040 2 VS1
4 SCC5050 4 VS2
5 SCC4060 3 VS2
6 SCC702505 5 VS2
7 SCC603505 5 VS2
8 SCC504505 5 VS2
9 SCC405505 4 VS2
4.5 J-RING Test Values (Passing Ability)
Table 4: J Ring test results of SCC mixes
Sl.No. MIX Difference in height of concrete, mm
1 SCC100 5
2 SCC7030 5
3 SCC6040 5
4 SCC5050 5
5 SCC4060 3
6 SCC702505 10
7 SCC603505 2
8 SCC504505 10
9 SCC405505 2
4.6. V Funnel Test Values (Filling Ability)
Table 5: V Funnel Time of SCC mixes
Sl.No MIX V Funnel time, sec Viscosity Class as per EFNAARC 2005
1 SCC100 7 VF1
2 SCC7030 12 VF2
3 SCC6040 8 VF1
4 SCC5050 10 VF2
5 SCC4060 5 VF1
6 SCC702505 11 VF2
7 SCC603505 5 VF1
8 SCC504505 10 VF2
9 SCC405505 7 VF1
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6. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019
4.7. L Box Test Results (Passing Ability)
Table 6: L Box Blocking Ratio of SCC mixes
Sl.No MIX Blocking Ratio, h2/h1 Passing Ability Class as per EFNAARC 2005
1 SCC100 0.94 PA2
2 SCC7030 0.71 PA2
3 SCC6040 0.93 PA2
4 SCC5050 0.86 PA2
5 SCC4060 0.85 PA2
6 SCC702505 0.86 PA2
7 SCC603505 0.90 PA2
8 SCC504505 1.00 PA2
9 SCC405505 0.86 PA2
4.8. Discussions
• All the mixes except SCC7030 are suitable for many normal applications (e.g.walls, columns).
• Mixes SCC100 and SCC6040 will exhibit good filling ability even with congested reinforcement. It is
capable of self-levelling and generally has the best surface finish. However, it is more likely to suffer from
bleeding and segregation.
• All other mixes with increase in flow time are likely to exhibit thixotropic effects, which may be helpful in
limiting the formwork pressure or improving segregation.
• For mixesSCC7030, SCC504505 and SCC405505 time increase in V Funnel test at 5 minutes is more than
acceptable limit(3 seconds) as per EFNAARC 2002.
• All the mixes satisfied the passing ability characteristics in L box test (Blocking Ratio>=0.8)
• All the mixes satisfied the passing ability characteristics in U box test (H2-H1 =30mm).
V. Conclusion
• Optimization of chemical admixture dosage with binder helps in satisfying fresh properties of Self
Compacting Blended concrete with GGBS and ALCCOFINE.
• Problems of seggregation and bleeding in Self compacting concrete with higher replacement of OPC with
GGBS were eliminated using optimum dosage of chemical admixture at constant w/c ratio of 0.35 without
the usage of Viscocity Modifying Agent(VMA).
• Concrete with 60% GGBS showed higher values of flow compared with all other blended mixes.
• Higher GGBS content enhanced passing ability, filling ability of the SCC.
• Alccofine in combination with GGBS and OPC in the ternary blended mix satisfied all the fresh properties
of SCC as per EFNAARC guidelines.
Acknowledgements
Authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Under graduate students and management of JSSATE,
Bengaluru and ACSCE, Bengaluru during the experimental phase of the study.
References
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ISSN 1943-023X 205
Received: 12 Mar 2019/Accepted: 15 Apr 2019