it is a summary of article on social exclusion- enriching the understanding of deprivation

1. ASSIGNMENT-2 ON SUMMARY OF DOCUMENT (SOCIAL EXCLUSION-
ENRICHING THE UNDERSTANDING OF DEPRIVATION
COURSE:- PGDRDM (2020-2021)
SUBJECT:-RURAL SOCIETY, CULTURE AND POLITY
SUBMITTED BY:- AASTHA GARG
ROLL NO:- 18RDM01
SUBMITTED TO:- DR. SONAL MOBAR ROY
SOCIAL EXCLUSION- ENRICHING THE UNDERSTANDING
OF DEPRIVATION
The first fragment throws light on the chronicle of the concept and audits this ascent. The conception
of the word social exclusion is credited to Rene Lenoir, then Secrétaire d’Etàt a l’Action Sociale in the Chirac
government, who issued Les Exclus: Un Francais sur dix, in 1974 which included about 10% of the French
population (poor, handicapped, aged person, suicidal, abused children, etc). In those times, the word exclusion
was used to mention several kinds of social drawbacks linked with social problems (unemployment,
ghettoisation and fundamental changes in family life). The acceptance of the new word was somewhat a
consequence of disliking the idea of poverty. It was dishonored due to its union with Christian Charity.
Therefore social exclusion was explained as the break of social fabric. The EU got new thought on urban
poverty as the changes were required in the word “poverty”, therefore in the 3rd plan it became “social
exclusion”
In 1992 ESRC ordered to audit the research on social exclusion and poverty again. In late 1997 the
argument was controlled by the New Labor Government initiative to form an interdepartmental social exclusion
unit. In spite of acquiring the French word, American models of welfare reform had more impact in British
social policy debates.

2. The second part clarifies the confusion on the idea of social exclusion. According to French definition
the process in which a person or a group is excluded from a society in which they live. It is a multi dimensional
concept in which people are excluded from livelihoods, employment, earnings, property, housing, minimum
consumption, education, the welfare state, citizenship, personal contacts or respect. Landlords exclude people
from access to land or housing; elite political groups exclude others from legal rights; priests in India may
exclude scheduled castes from access to temples and so on. The demerits faced by excluded people are many.
The work by Hilary Silver on paradigms shows the social exclusion is a theoretical concept, in which people
sees the reality. People may also select not to include by their will or forcefully and doesn’t have access to
certain facilities.
The third phase focuses on the concept of poverty. In Britain poverty was considered as the main
problem and was defined as the individual problem. Water and healthcare was included in the basic needs.
Other than poverty certain related concepts were studied such as education, labor, gender, etc. The increasing
inequality in several countries gave acceptance to social exclusion. Different people defined social exclusion
and poverty in their own way. Therefore there was much confusion between the concept of poverty and social
exclusion.
The fourth part claims the measurement between social exclusion and poverty. The main emphasis of
UNDP’s Human Development Index was on measuring multipurpose features of deprivation in developing
county. Several initiatives have been taken in Europe. French panel focuses on the future activities related to
training programs. The mapping and monitoring of deprivation as descriptions of outcomes is important; but a
social exclusion framework takes us beyond that, and identifies the processes that lead to and cause deprivation.
The fifth section discusses the policies of social exclusion in French and Britain. During 1980s the
policy of anti exclusion was adopted in France which focused on Economic crisis, rising unemployment and the
crisis of the social security system. A new social policy was developed during mitterand’s socialist government
which included promoting economic development, enterprise values, a culture orientated towards market and
social ideals, new management methods in public administration, and decentralization. More policies were
introduced by Britain on education, poverty, health, income. Much greater improvement in child care was seen
in 1996.
The first focus was on multipurpose nature of deprivation, second focus was on mapping several dimensions of
social exclusion. Finally social exclusion is a logical concept for understanding society and deprivation.