WTO

1. World Trade Organization
Ashay

2. Introduction
 Organization to supervise and liberalize international
trade
 Commenced on 1st Jan, 1995 under the Marrakech
Agreement
 Director General, Headquarters
 Regulates trade by
- provides framework for negotiating and
formalizing trade agreements
- dispute resolution process

3. History
 International Trade Organization
 GATT
- 7 rounds
- Kennedy Round, anti dumping
- Tokyo Round, non-tariff barriers
- Plurilateral Agreements
- Codes
- 2 codes left, bovine meat and dairy
agreements

4. Uruguay Round
 8th round, Sept 1986, Punta Del Este, Uruguay
 Problems
- Structural deficiency
- spill over impact of certain countries policies on
world trade
 Biggest negotiating mandate on trade
- Extended trading system into Services and IP
- Reform trade in agriculture and textiles
 Agreement signed at Marrakesh, Morocco on 15 Apr,
1994

5.  Agreement structure, 6 parts
- WTO
- Goods and Investment GATT 1994 and TRIMS
- Services
- Intellectual Property (TRIPS)
- Dispute Settlement
- Review of governments trade policies
 Increased binding commitments

6. Doha Development Round
 4th round at Doha, Qatar on Nov, 2001
 Aim
- Help world’s poor, by slashing barriers and
subsidy in agriculture
- substantial assistance to developing
countries
- trade liberalization

7. Issues
 Agriculture
- most controversial issue
- substantial reduction in trade distorting
support, subsidies
- substantial reduction in tariffs
- import sensitive products
- special products

8.  Access to Patented Medicines
- Balance of interests
- pharmaceutical companies
- public health needs
- 2003, allowed export to least developed
countries

9.  Special and Differential Treatment
- Duty free and quota free access for LDC’s
 Implementation Issues

10. Bali Package
 9th Ministerial Conference, 2013
 1st agreement approved by all members
 Provisions
- Abolish hard import quotas
- Reforming customs bureaucracies to
facilitate trade
- lowering tariffs and agricultural subsidies

11.  Trade Facilitation
 Agriculture
 Cotton
 Development and LDC Issues

12. WTO and India
 Agriculture
- 10% cap
- international monitoring
- subsidies by developed countries
 Non Agriculture Market Access
 Services

13. Thank You !