metadata/coreProperties.xml
Model2015-07-13T03:01:04Zthua3267thua32672016-08-11T01:35:03Z1.330R2015b
metadata/mwcoreProperties.xml
application/vnd.mathworks.simulink.modelSimulink ModelR2015b
metadata/mwcorePropertiesExtension.xml
8.6.0.264259
simulink/blockdiagram.xml
windows-1252
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simulink-default.rpt
137
Ideal upconverter, Channel and downconverter
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1.902
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62. simulink/_rels/blockdiagram.xml.rels
simulink/_rels/configSetInfo.xml.rels
simulink/graphicalInterface.xml
0
0
0
0
1
Lab 4 LTE Frames, Slots and Resource Grid
Objectives
1. To understand LTE frames, slots and resource grid
2. To understand and apply the principles of frequency and time
coordinate system
3. To calculate data rate based on resource allocation
4. To implement OFDM transmission with specific LTE
resource grid
Introduction
In lab 1, you have explored and worked on various aspects of
OFDM transmission through the
63. predefined Simulink model. In the model, there is a Symbol
Generator block that randomly
generates a series of 16-QAM symbols. In LTE framework,
prior to OFDM modulation, physical
channels and signals in LTE are assigned to different portion of
the resource grid. In this lab, you
will explore and apply some important concepts in LTE physical
layers, i.e LTE Frames, Slots and
Resource Grid.
Experiment 1: Understanding LTE Frequency and Time
Representation
First, we look at the time domain of LTE transmission. There
are some terminologies that you need
to get familiar with. They are radio frame, subframe, slot and
OFDM symbols, as illustrated in
Figure 1. In the time domain, each radio frame, that forms the
basic sequence of transmission, has
the length of 10ms. Each frame consists of 10 subframes (1ms
length each). Each subframe is
further composed of two slots (0.5ms length each). Each slot
consists of either seven or six OFDM
symbols based on a normal or an extended cyclic prefix.
64. Figure 1 LTE frame structure [1]
In the frequency domain, OFDM is regarded as a multicarrier
transmission system and the spacing
between two consecutive carriers is defined as 15 kHz in LTE.
The bandwidth of the transmission
corresponds directly to the number of the carriers.
As shown in Figure 2, the frequency and time representation of
placing symbols is the key to
understand the operation of LTE. The transmitted symbols are
explicitly mapped to different
portion of the two-dimension representation, which consists of a
subcarrier axis (frequency) and a
2
OFDM symbol axis (time). This coordinate system is called
resource grid. Some additional
terminologies that you need to understand are resource element
and resource block. A resource
element is one transmitted symbol placed at the intersection of
an OFDM symbol and a subcarrier.
65. A resource block contains data symbols placed within 12
subcarriers in frequency axis and one
0.5ms slot in the time axis.
Figure 2 LTE Time-frequency coordinate [1]
Start Matlab, and in the command window, type the following
commands to display a typical
transmitted resource grid
enb = lteTestModel('3.2','1.4MHz'); [txwave,txgrid,info]
= lteTestModelTool(enb); figure('Color','w');
helperPlotTransmitResourceGrid(enb,txgrid);
Task1: Based on the resource grid displayed and assuming
normal cyclic prefix, answer the
following questions and describe how you arrived at the
solutions:
• What is the transmission time of this LTE signal?
• What is the minimum bandwidth required to transmit this LTE
signal?
• How many slots and radio frames displayed in the figure?
• How many resource elements and resource blocks displayed in
66. the figure? How
many resource blocks per 0.5m slot displayed in the figure?
Task2: In the command window, type the following commands
(5MHz physical channel parameter)
to display a typical transmitted resource grid and answer the
above questions again.
enb = lteTestModel('3.2','5MHz');
[txwave,txgrid,info] = lteTestModelTool(enb);
figure('Color','w');
helperPlotTransmitResourceGrid(enb,txgrid);
3
Experiment 2: Data Rate Estimation
Task1: Referring to Table 1 and assuming 64-QAM modulation
and one spatial stream, calculate
the maximum data rate for the channel parameters of 1.4MHz.
Describe how the calculation is
performed. Note that not all symbols placed on the resource grid
are data, there are also control
signals. However for simplicity of illustrating the concept, in
this exercise, we consider that
resource grid contains data symbols only. Two intermediate
67. steps to consider is as follows
• How many bits per data symbol?
• How many symbols (or resource element) per second?
Task2: In addition, calculate the maximum data rate for the
channel parameters of 5MHz. Describe
how the calculation is performed.
Channel
Bandwidth
(MHz)
Sample
Frequency
(MHz)
FFT Size Subcarriers (excl.
DC sub-carrier)
# of resource
block (per slot)
1.4 1.92 128 72 6
3 3.84 256 144 12
5 7.68 512 300 25
68. 10 15.36 1024 600 50
15 23.04 1536 900 75
20 30.72 2048 1200 100
Table 1 LTE downlink physical layer parameters
Experiment 3: Implementing Resource Grid with OFDM
Transmission with
Normal Cyclic Prefix
In this exercise, you will implement OFDM transmission with
LTE specific resource grid. The
Simulink file is Simple_Resource_Grid_Start_2016.slx. The
Simulink blocks that you need
implement/modify are the Symbol Generator, Channel, Add
Cyclic Prefix and Remove Cyclic
Prefix. Sample codes for three blocks have been given to you
for your reference.
Task1:
• In Channel block, enter 6 (LTE fading channel) to the
parameter Channel Selection and
enter relevant sampling frequency in reference with Table 1.
• To implement resource grid which has 1 radio frame, LTE
1.4MHz parameters (FFT length
69. and sample frequency according to Table 1) and 64 QAM.
o In the Bernoulli Binary Generator Block within Symbol
Generator Block, verify
that
▪ Samples per frame is entered as nOFDMSym*nSubCar*6 o In
the
Rectangular QAM Block within Symbol Generator Block Block,
verify that
▪ M-ary number is entered as 64
▪ Click View Constellation button to observe the transmitting
constellation
diagram o What are nOFDMSym and nSubCar based on the
specifications? Edit the
variables nOFDMSym and nSubCar in the Matlab Workspace
accordingly.
4
Figure 3 Bernoulli Binary Generator Parameters
70. Figure 4 Rectangular QAM Block Parameters
• Verify the FFT length of the IFFT block o FFT Length is
entered as 128
• Run the simulation model in which Cyclic Prefix functions are
not implemented, and record
the results for future comparisons.
• To implement Add Cyclic Prefix function accordingly.
o How many CP samples are needed? And note that in each slot,
1st CP and
remaining CP have different lengths in time in reference to
Figure 1.
o How many samples of the entire radio frame are required?
To
implement Remove Cyclic Prefix block accordingly.
Run the Simulink model and you shall observe first 12
subcarrier plots. And you need to have key
results, Matlab codes and figures presented in your lab report.
Task2:
• To implement resource grid which has 2 radio frame, LTE
5MHz parameters (FFT length
and sample frequency according to Table 1) and 64 QAM.
71. • To modify FFT length of the IFFT block.
5
• To modify Sample Rate of the Channel block.
• To implement Add Cyclic Prefix function accordingly.
• To implement Remove Cyclic Prefix block accordingly.
Run the Simulink model and you shall observe first 12
subcarrier plots. And you need to have key
results, Matlab codes and figures presented in your lab report.