2. Disclaimer
The information presented in this presentation has been compiled from
sources believed to be reliable and is intended to be a tool to assist and
guide you in building your own presentation. This program may not
address all the hazardous conditions or unsafe acts that may exist. For
that reason, SPIN cautions users to confirm accuracy and compliance
with the latest standards and best practices. Local, State/Provincial
and Federal regulations take precedence over this material.
Implementation of any practices suggested by this program is at your
sole discretion, and SPIN will have no liability to any party for any
damages including, but not limited to, direct, indirect, special or
consequential damages, arising out of or in connection with the
information provided or its use.
3. Purpose of Training
To increase employee awareness of
electrical hazards on the jobsite
To control or eliminate employee
exposure to electrical hazards
To ensure that everyone understands
the AEGCP and the use of GFCI’s
To help meet OSHA compliance
4. Hazards of Electricity
Shock
Fibrillation
– 50-100mA of current to cause fibrillation
Damage to tissue
– external burns & internal tissue & organ damage
– entry & exit wounds
Muscle Contractions
– unable to release
– causes longer period of contact
6. Electrocution?
Body temperature rises to 138° F
Tissues are baked like well done beef
Physical reactions include:
– heaving chest
– foaming mouth
– bloody sweat
– burning hair & skin
– release of feces
– eyeballs pop out
7. Fatal Assumptions:
120Volts can’t hurt me
DC can’t hurt me
Overhead power lines are insulated
I can’t get hurt if I don’t touch the wire
The more I get shocked the more immune I
become
Circuit breakers are designed for personnel
safety
Joe Bob knows I’m working on this so I’m O.K.
8. Fatalities:
Failure to lockout piece of equipment
Power tools shorting out
contacted overhead power lines
9. Three Levels of Protection:
Engineering danger out of the
job
Safe work practices
Personal protective
equipment (PPE)
10. Typical Construction Hazards
Overhead lines
Buried lines
Sharp edges on metal material (studs)
Cords that are damaged in anyway
Safe clearances around electrical
equipment
Damaged tools or receptacles
Wet weather conditions
11. Typical Construction Hazards
Temporary wiring
High voltage lines
– crane operations
– metal ladders
– tight workspace
Improper or nonexistent grounding
Non-existent or non-functional GFCI’s
Improper or non-existent security
12. Common Citations
No GCFI or AEGCP
Tools have no ground
Lack of training when near power lines
Equipment not approved for classified
locations
Guarding of live parts
Flexible cord strain relief
13. OSHA Gives Two Options:
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters
– GFCI
Assured Equipment Grounding
Conductor Program
– AEGCP
14. Ground Fault Circuit
Interrupters
Intended to quickly interrupt the circuit in the event of a
ground fault, to prevent electrocution.
GFCI will break the circuit when a leakage of 5mA or
more is occurring
– usually within 1/40 of a second
GFCI requirements pertain only to temporary wiring on
construction sites
– exception: kitchens & other wet area’s
Must provide approved GFCI’s on all 120v, single
phase, 15 & 20A receptacle outlets
Note: GFCI does not prevent shock!
15. How the GFCI protects people
(By opening the circuit when current flows through a ground-fault path)
16. Assured Electrical Grounding
Conductor Program
All cord sets & receptacles which are not
part of the permanent wiring of the building
or structure shall be tested and marked.
Jan.-Mar. White
April-June Green
July-Sept. Red
Oct.-Dec. Orange
Repair Brown
17. When to test?
Before first use
After any repairs
– Before equipment is returned to service
Before equipment is used after any
incident, where damage may be
suspected.
Every quarter
18. How to test?
Plugs in to show if terminals
are correctly connected to
ground, and if wire is
continuous (without breaks)
Checks if ground is continuous
from metal frame (a) through
cord to 3rd prong (b).
Also touch tester contact to (c)
then (d) prongs to detect
possible ground fault
19. Recording Test Results:
The test preformed shall be recorded to
identify each receptacle, cord set and
plug-connected equipment that passed.
This record shall be kept by:
– logs
– color coding
– other effective means
20. Temporary Power Hook-Up
All temporary outlets rated at 120 volt, single
phase, 15 & 20 amps must have GFCI’s and
established AEGCP.
All extension cords will be of the three
conductor wire type
All temporary lights must be guarded to
protect against accidental contact or
breakage
All temporary lights must be on separate
circuits from tool circuits
21. Hand and Power Tools
Inspect tools for wear or defects
Never modify tools
Inspect for frayed insulation or loose connection
Make sure tools are clean and dry
Do not carry, store or hang up by power cord
Never remove grounding post
Do not overload wall plugs or extension cords
Stop using tools immediately if they begin to
smoke, spark or shock
22. Accident Review:
The drill was not
double insulated and
the ground prong was
missing
Three citations issued:
– GFCI’s or AEGCP
– Inspect electrical tools
– use equipment that
provides a permanent
and continuous path
from circuits or
equipment to ground
23. Portable Extension Cords
Inspect portable extension cords daily:
– Is the tool rated for the job your doing
– Are the cord’s plug & receptacle designed to be
used together
– Does the cord have loose parts, deformed &
missing pins or damage to outer insulation?
– Does the cord have a working GFCI?
– Ensure that cords are protected from pinch points
& sharp edges
Note: Never staple a cord, or raise and lower
equipment with the cord.
24. Overload
Beware of overload
More than two plugs per double outlet is
overloaded
Never overload any outlet for any
reason
25. Housekeeping
Keep cords out of walkways and
roadways
– If not possible, cords must be protected
from vehicle traffic
Keep cords clean & dry
Make sure hands are dry before
unplugging cords and equipment
26. Flammable Dust and Vapors
Combustible dust, flammable fumes or
excess oxygen can be ignited by a
spark
Use ventilation to lower the
concentration of atmospheric hazards in
your work area.
Note: 60% of all industrial fires are
caused by poor connections and faulty
outlets.
27. For Electrical Fires
911
Do not touch burning object
Do not use water
– use CO or ABC extinguisher
Unplug or turn off the current if it can be
done safely
Stay clear of the area and wait for the
professionals
29. Approach distances for
Qualified employees:
Qualified person: specifically trained in the
hazards of working on energized parts and
equipment.
300V & less…………………………..….Avoid contact
Over 300V, not over 750V………………1 ft. 0 in.
Over 750V, not over 2kV………………..1 ft. 6 in.
Over 2kV, not over 15kV………………..2 ft. 0
in. Over 15kV, not over 37kV………………3 ft. 0
in. Over 37kV, not over 87.5kV…………….3 ft. 6
in. Over 87.5, not over 121kV………………4 ft. 0
in. Over 121kV, not over 140kV……………4 ft. 6
in.
30. Approach distances for
unqualified employees:
Neither you nor anything you touch can
get within 10 feet of an over head line
carrying up to 50kV.
Add 4 inches of clearance for every
10kV over 50kV.
31. Electrical Arc:
Temperature can reach 35,000º F
– 4 times hotter than the sun
– similar to nuclear weapons
You can be killed at up to 20 feet from a high
energy arc
– and receive severe burns as far as 40 feet away
Over half of all electrical injuries involve burns
from arcs
33. High Voltage Lines
1 out of 3 injuries cause by high voltage lines results
in death!
Reminders for operators:
– Make sure that no part of your equipment can come
within 10 feet of high voltage lines.
– Never attempt to raise or move high voltage lines
– If equipment touches a high voltage line back away or
lower boom to break contact
– Generally safe to stay in the cab
– Dismount by jumping clear, and shuffling
Note: Never touch any part of the equipment and ground
at the same time
34. Accident Review:
Employee received no
training on the hazard
nor any specific
instruction
Two serious citations
were issued:
– Lack of training
– Not permit employees to
work near any electrical
power circuit without de-
energizing
35. Accident Review
Unloading a 40 foot
telephone pole from
pipe rack
Four serious citations
issued
– Training on the hazards
– Do not operate
equipment within
approach distances
– Did not maintain proper
clearances
– Determine existing
conditions
36. First Aid
Do not touch the victim
911
Turn off power
Use non-conductive object to push person away from
the electrical source
Administer rescue breathing, if breathing has stopped
Administer CPR if heart has stopped
Cover electrical burns
Reassure & calm victim until help arrives
37. Report All Near Misses
Often symptoms are delayed and the
person may need medical attention.
The Safety Department must be notified
any time an employee has an accident
involving an electrical shock.
Note: the purpose of the investigation, is
to prevent the reoccurrence
39. Authorized & Affected:
Authorized: employees will
actually be performing the
lock-out tag-out procedures,
and must be trained to
understand the program
Affected: employees working
in the area, must
understand what lock-out
tag-out is and how it effects
them.
40. When Should You Lock-Out
Clearing blocked or jammed
mechanisms
Maintenance or repair work on
equipment with moving parts
Certain confined space entries
Repairs or installation on electrical
circuits
41. Sequence of Lock-out or Tag-out
Procedure
Notify all affected employees
Shut down machine or equipment
Isolate energy source
springs air/ gas radioactive
hydraulic water pressure electrical
steam chemical mechanical
centrifugal
Lock-out & tag-out energy isolating device
After ensuring that no one is exposed, check to be sure
energy source is disconnected
Caution: Return operating controls back to neutral or off
position
42. Accident Review
Employee was
attempting to correct
an electrical problem
with two non-
operational lights
Two citations issued:
– No Lock-out / Tag-out
program
– Circuit not de-energized
or locked / tagged -out
43. Procedure Involving More Than
One Person
Each person shall have his
own lock
Each lock shall be secured,
so that all locks must be
removed before equipment
can be re-energized
The lock may only be
removed by the person who
placed it there
44. Maintenance and Repair of
Equipment in the Field
Any vehicle determined to be unsafe shall be tagged
out of service and may not be operated
Mechanic will notify supervisor & the operator and
obtain approval to service equipment
If equipment is in operation perform normal shut down
procedures
Person performing work will then place lock-out or
tag-out device in position
Key shall be removed from equipment & placed in
pocket of person performing work
45. Removal of the Tags and Locks:
Under normal conditions each person will remove
their own tags & locks
If the signer of the tag is not available or has left
the site, a supervisor meeting the following may
remove the tag or lock:
– Supervisor from same dept.
– Supervisor must talk to signer on condition of
equipment
– Supervisor must have sufficient knowledge of work
being performed
– Supervisor must be able to exercise proper
judgement
46. Re-energizing Electrical Systems
Inspect the entire work area
– tools have been removed
– guards are in place
Insure equipment is safe to operate
Warn co-workers
– no one is exposed
– Notify everyone affected
Remove locks & re-energize
47. Remember:
Notify all affected employees
Shut down machine or equipment
Isolate energy source
Lock out & tag-out energy isolating device
Check to be sure that energy source is
disconnected
Return operating controls back to neutral or
off position
48. As a Safety Professional, SPIN encourages you to submit safety
resources that are particularly beneficial to fellow Safety Professionals.
We welcome your suggestions and thank you for your input. Please use
the following instructions when submitting resources.
1. Please include your full name (first & last) in the subject section of the your email
2. Please include a brief description, name of program and version of any and all files submitted
3. Please use a compression program, like WinZip, when submitting multiple or large files
4 Please include appropriate contact information (name, phone number, etc.) when referring
potential new members
5. Include links to safety related URL's in the description section
6. Please send photos and graphic files as 72 dpi jpg, tif or gif files
submit all items to: info@spin-safety.org
For more information about SPIN visit the web-site at www.spin-safety.org or call 1-800-673-0439
