1. STAGES & ROLE OF WORKPLACE COUNSELOR
AT EACH
STAGE OF SOCIALIZATION
2. Organizational socialization is the process by
which people learn about and adjust to the
knowledge, skills, attitudes, expectations,
and behaviors needed for a new or changing
role within an organization.
3. process by which a person learns the values, norms,
and required behaviors which permit him to
participate as a member of the organization
4. The Socialization process can be divided into
three stages:
◦ Anticipatory Socialization (pre arrival stage)--
before joining the organization
◦ Entry/Encounter--after entering the organization
◦ Metamorphosis--late stage featuring a new self-
image
5. The first stage, anticipatory socialization,
occurs before a person joining the
organization or taking a job.
Also called pre arrival stage
It consists of preliminary knowledge about
theorganization
At the first stage, the incoming person’s
knowledge can be accurate or inaccurate.
6. Part of the pre-arrival stage is the selection
process, which is used by the hiring company
to hire people who can adequately perform
the job but also to select people who will fit
well into the culture of the company.
selection process provides the organization
with information about the candidate but also
gives the job-seeker information about the
organization.
7. Ways people learn about an organization
◦ Advertising
◦ Press accounts
◦ Web pages
◦ Present employees, especially alumni
◦ Internet searches
◦ Electronic databases
8. Socialization processes
◦ Recruitment advertising: presentation of the
organization
◦ Company recruiters: campus interviews
◦ Internships: experience the organization while still
a student
◦ Screening and selection devices: written tests, oral
interviews, job simulations
9. Two issues
◦ Realism of self and organization
◦ Congruence of self and organization
Realism: responsibility of both the
organization and the individual
◦ Organization: present the positive and negative
sides of working for the company
◦ Potential employee: present an accurate picture of
self
10. Congruence of self and organization
◦ Are your skills and abilities congruent with the
needs of the organization?
◦ Can the organization satisfy your needs and offer
you a congruent set of values?
11. Lack realism and congruence
◦ High turnover
◦ Low satisfaction
◦ Low organizational commitment
◦ Poor job performance
Clear negative effects for both the individual
and the organization
12. Once a candidate accepts a job offer, they
enter the encounter stage.
This stage is where the expectations of the
new employee meet the reality of the job.
13. If the reality of the new job is different than
what the new employee expected it to be,
socialization methods are used to orient the
new employees to the existing culture and to
help them make sense of the culture of their
new organization.
14. Onboarding programs
◦ help employees to integrate, assimilate, and
transition to new jobs by making them familiar
with corporate policies, procedures, and culture
and by clarifying work role expectations and
responsibilities
15. Conflicting behavioral demands and new
employee’s adjustment
Work and nonwork roles
Stress during this early adjustment period
16. Socialization processes
◦ Purpose: give employee a new self-image
◦ Process has three steps
Unfreezing: discard old self-image
Changing: move to new self-image
Refreezing: puts the new self-image solidly in place
17. Socialization processes (cont.)
◦ Indoctrination programs
Teach formal rules and procedures (pivotal role
behavior)
Uniform presentation to many new employees
◦ Apprenticeship or mentoring
Assign to a veteran employee
Teaches technical and social parts of job
18. Socialization processes (cont.)
◦ Training programs
Develop skills important to the job
Goes beyond what employee learned in an academic
setting
Also conveys values and norms of the organization’s
culture
19. Socialization processes (cont.)
◦ Debasement or upending experiences
Quickly unfreezes new member from old self-image
Give new employee an extremely easy or extremely hard
task
Both task assignments have the same humiliating effect
Questions his or her self-image, making the person
ready for change
20. Finally, the new member must work out any
problems discovered during them encounter
stage.
This may mean going through changes –
hence, we call this metamorphosis stage.
21. Successful resolution of multiple socialization
results
◦ Comfortable in new role
◦ Some mastery of job requirements
◦ Acceptance of obvious values
◦ Adjusted to group norms
◦ Self-confidence up; anxiety down
