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1. FOREIGN
In today’s classroom, technology is becoming a more prominent form of learning. With the ever-
changing world of technology, teachers work hard to incorporate technology into their everyday
instruction in order to connect student passion with learning. According to Harris (2016): Today’s
educators are under great pressure to provide 21st century students with a quality education based
on 21st century standards. Those standards include providing students with the technological and
informational skills needed to compete in an ever-changing, technology-driven world. Educators
are constantly looking for the technological tools that are going to enhance the learning of their
students.
Research shows that while growing up in the ever-growing technology world, the incorporation of
technology helps motivate students to learn. For example, Schaen, et al. (2016), discuss a project
they conducted that allowed third grade leaders and first graders to work together and create an
app that will allow kindergarteners to practice math strategies. This weeklong project allowed
students to use technology, collaborate, and teach. Schaen, et al. study discussed the process that
the students went through and the outcomes of the project. This technology enhanced project
motivated students who wanted to continue building and working at home. “The project gave
young students a real-world purpose for planning and creating collaboratively”.
While technology has become increasingly more popular in classrooms, there is a concern that
students are relying too heavily on technology. While technology can be a great tool, are students
prepared to problem solve technology related issues? With the use of technology, some teachers
are adopting the flipped classroom approach. This allows students to study the material at home
and come to school to engage in more discussions, exercises, and activities. According to Song
and Kapur (2017), “few studies have reported how to develop students’ problem solving skills and

2. enhance their conceptual understanding in flipped classroom in mathematics inquiry”. While in
this setting, students are learning more on their own, they are missing out on some of that lecture
time that can spark deep conversation on problems.
A study by Nguyen and Bui (2017) used data from more than 200 secondary schools in
Vietnam to assess the impact of laptop-assisted instruction on students’ academic achievement.
The authors found that students who received laptop-assisted instruction scored significantly
higher on tests than those who did not receive such assistance. Similar results were also observed
in a study by Estes et al., (2016). These researchers studied English language learners in two
different elementary schools and found that when teachers integrated technology into their
classrooms, there was an almost immediate improvement in students’ reading comprehension
scores as well as other aspects related to academic performance such as motivation and confidence
levels. In addition, recent research has demonstrated that computers may be able to provide
personalized educational experiences for learners through online courses and digital tools (Chen
et al., 2018).
The technology could potentially increase both engagement rates among students and
overall learning outcomes since they are receiving tailored content based on the individual needs
rather than a single size fits all approach which is often seen with traditional teaching strategies.
Overall, these findings indicate that integrating new technologies into classroom settings can lead
to improved student performance across many areas related to academic achievement including
test scores, engagement levels, motivation, understanding concepts better etc.; however further
research is needed before any definitive conclusions about its long term impacts can be made.
“A greater understanding of the role that educational technology plays in affecting student
engagement, and the use of learning technology is an important concept that should fit into student

3. engagement, in order to strengthen teaching practice and lead to improved outcomes for students”
(Bond et al., 2020; Zhoc et al., 2019).
The main goal of Technology is to make the people and society benefited by it. The interaction
between peoples is the way of generating new technology network to communicate with each
other in an efficient way. Internet base learning concerns with the interaction of people and
internet through online education service providers that1s relevant to HCI perspective.
Nowadays, the internet becomes the center of learning to share huge information and
communication for education such as: e-learning and distance learning. (Stover, W.J, 2019).
https://educationaltechnologyjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41239-021-00263-0
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1117604.pdf
https://www.academia.edu/35168022/Effects_of_Technology_in_the_Level_of_Performance_of
_Students_in_STI_College_Meycauayan

4. LOCAL
The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning has
become very common these days. Access to information increases the awareness of students, help
them in increasing thinking and creativity in learning tasks, provide quick access to subject
material and engage them in adopting strategies which can help in maximising the quality of
learning.
According to Espinosa (2016) Technological advances had greatly changed the education
landscape on that teaching is no longer confined to the traditional face to face delivery of lessons.
Now, via internet we can also learn not only in the classroom but outside the school. Though the
convergence of modern and traditional methods, students are now able to experience the best of
both worlds. They can learn from school and get traditional information or lessons through the
web and internet.
Unintended use of technology in class room is important because it can cause disruption in class
room and negate the institutional policies regarding strategic direction and intervention in teaching
and learning process. Current literature on the use of e-learning for teaching focuses on factors
which increases the effectiveness of e-learning According to Carbonilla Gorra, V. & Bhati, S. S.
(2016).
Back in 1960s where computers are very bulky to the very compact gadgets of the present time,
technology had been continuously developing in the past decades. Accroding to Macaset (2017)
technology had played great roles in many people’s daily tasks starting with the conception of
the personal computer, people’s work became faster, and communication with other people
became easier. Recent years, the use of technology in education has been proven beneficial to

5. both teachers and students. With the use of the internet, teachers are able to communicate with
their students more easily, and allows them to distribute learning materials such as assignments,
exercises, and tests to their pupils.
According to the study of Mariano (2017) The Philippines government has been committed to
bring the educational system into modernized status, particularly on basic education, in its effort
to make each and every student part with other students of neighboring develop countries. Our
country is now capable to utilize and produce information and to transform it into knowledge and
vast array of goods and services.
The process of learning in technology can become very rich if students have access to latest
information on subjects, can analyze the information quickly by manipulating it on computers
through graphical displays and experiment with the information to effectively communicate their
results and conclusions using the technical tools. On the other hand, technology can also be used
to distract students in the class room from their learning activity. Technical tools like laptops and
mobile phones can distract students from their learning activity and cause disruption to class
room activity, if not used properly.
Inevitably, schools and other learning spaces were forced to migrate to full online learning as the
world continues the battle to control the vicious spread of the virus. It has forced the government
to cancel national examinations and the schools to temporarily close, cease face-to-face
instruction, and strictly observe physical distancing. These events have sparked the digital
transformation of higher education and challenged its ability to respond promptly and
effectively. Schools adopted relevant technologies, prepared learning and staff resources, set

6. systems and infrastructure, established new teaching protocols, and adjusted their curricula.
However, the transition was smooth for some schools but rough for others, particularly those
from developing countries with limited infrastructure (Pham & Nguyen, 2020; Simbulan, 2020).
Online learning refers to a learning environment that uses the Internet and other technological
devices and tools for synchronous and asynchronous instructional delivery and management of
academic programs (Usher & Barak, 2020; Huang, 2019).
In the Philippines, several studies showed some contrasting sentiments with regards to internet
connectivity and the use of gadgets or devices for online learning. In a study by Fabito et al.,
(2020) the group revealed that one of the three barriers and challenges that students encountered
in online learning was a good internet connection. Another related concept from Casillano (2019)
indicated that only a minimum of the students has internet access thus impeding them to access
the e-learning platform. In another study, poor students do not own laptops and desktop
computers and have limited internet connections (Cleofas & Rocha, 2021). However, in the
findings of Jin and Sabio (2018), the use of mobile devices has the potential to be used and
adapted for learning. Another study showed that the greater number of device types owned by a
student, the greater the level of learning readiness (Estira, 2020). In addition, from another state
university in the country, a study revealed the students' readiness for online classes however, the
burden from computer and internet rentals in cafes exists (Yra et al., 2020).
https://www.academia.edu/35168022/Effects_of_Technology_in_the_Level_of_Performance_of
_Students_in_STI_College_Meycauayan
https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1878&context=buspapers
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10639-021-10589-x