ASDD

1. Ff
SPARK Your Interest
One thing asked of teacher applicants in the Department of Education is to write their philosophy of
education. This means that they have to write their concept of the nature of the nature of the learner,
how that learner learns and how that learner ought to live life meaningfully. Based on these
philosophical concepts, the teacher applicants describe how they ought to relate to the learner, what to
teach and how to teach so that the learner learns and live life happily and meaningfully.
TARGET Your Intended learning Outcomes
At the end of this Episode, I must be able to:
 Determine prevailing philosophies of education based on DepEd Vision and Mission statements,
core values and mandate, the K to 12 curriculum framework and guide and RA 10533;
 Cite teacher’s teaching behaviours and the philosophies of education on which these behaviours
are founded; and
 Articulate my philosophy of teaching.
REVISIT the learning Essentials
We are beneficiaries of a rich philosophical heritage passed on to us great thinkers of the past
and of the present. They way teachers relate to learners and the way teaches are anchored on
philosophies of education.
Basic documents such as the vision and mission statements, core values and manmade of the
Department of Education and the features of the k to 12 curriculum as contained in Section 3 of RA
10533 and the k to 12 curriculum guide are manifestations or expressions of the philosophies of
education of the country. They state the standards and the outcomes of education towards which all
curricular activities and teaching-learning should be directed.
FILED STUDY 1
FS 1
LEARNING EEPISODE
16
On Teacher’s Philosophy
of Education

2. OBSERVE, ANALYZE, REFLECT
A Analyzing DepEd’s philosophy of Education
Resource Teacher:_______________ Tecaher’s Signature: _____________ School: _________________
Grade/Year level: _______________ Subject Area: ____________________ Date: _________________
OBSERVE
 Determine prevailing philosophies of Education based on DepEd Vision and Mission statements,
core values and mandate and on K to 12 curriculum framework and guide.
 Study the Deped Vision and Mission statements, core values and mandate.
 Read the features of the K to 12 curriculum based on the K to 12 curriculums Framework and
guide and Sec 5 of RA 10533.
 Accomplish the table below by answering this question: Which philosophies are expressed?
 Cite relevant statements to back up an identified philosophy of education. You are given an
example.
Philosophies of Education Which philosophies are
expressed in the DepEd
Vision, Mission statements,
core values, Mandate? Give
proof.
Which philosophies are
expressed in the K to 12
curriculum framework and
guide and Sec 5 of RA
10533? Give proof.
1. Essentialism- teach
mastery of the
prescribed: subject
matter-centered there
are universal, objective
values; inculcate values
in subject matter
Essentialism- The core values
of maka-Diyos, maka-tao,
maka-kalikasan and maka-
bansa show that DepEd is
essentialist. DepEd believes in
unchanging values that need
to be inculcated.
Essentialism – List of
standards and competencies
that learners are expected
to attain is the subject
matter that students are
expected to learn –
essentialist
2. Perennialism – teach
those that last, the
classics; there are
universal values:
inculcate these universal
objective values
Any proof of perennialism?
3. Progressivism – very
child- centered; teach
those that interest the
child; one learns by
experience; a learners
learn by doing so
teachers teaching is
experimental; values are
subjective; no
inculcation of values
since they are
subjective; instead
teachers help students
clarify their values
Any proof of progressivism?
4. Reconstructionism-
school is agent of
change; schooling is
preparing students for
the social changes;
teaching is involving the
Any proof of
reconstructionism?
ACTIVITY 16.1

3. students in discussions
of moral dilemmas
5. Exitentialism - Teachers
teach learners to make a
choice, to make
decisions and not
merely to follow the
crowd; one who does
not make a choice and
so simply follow others
do not leave meaningful
life
Any proof of existentialism?
6. Pragmatism – That
which is practical and
that which works is
what is good; that which
works is efficient and
effective is that which is
good. e.g. showing a
video clip on mitosis is
more efficient and more
effective and therefore
more practical than
teacher coming up with
a visual aid by drawing
mistosis on a cartolina
or illustration board
Any proof of pragmatism?
7. Rationalism –
emphasizes the
development of the
learners reasoning
powers; knowledge
comes though reason;
teacher must develop
the reasoning power of
the learner
Any proof of rationalism?
8. Utilitarianism – what is
good is that which is
most useful ( that which
brings happiness) to the
greatest number of
people;
Any proof of Utilitarianism?
9. Empiricism – source of
knowledge is through
the senses; teacher
must involve the senses
in teaching- learning
Any proof of empirism?
10. Behaviorism – behaviour
is shaped deliberately by
forces in the
environment and that
the type of person and
actions desired can be
the product of design;
behavior is determined
by others, rather than
by persons own free
will; teacher must
carefully shape desirable
behaviour; drills are
commonly used to
Any proof of behaviourism?

4. enhance learning.
Rewards reinforce
learning.
11. Constructivism –
Learners are capable of
constructing knowledge
and meaning; teaching –
learning therefore is
constructing knowledge
and meaning; teaching
does not just “tell” or
dictate but asks learners
for knowledge they
construct and meaning
of lesson
12. Other Philosophies
Any proof of contructism?
Articulating my personal philosophy of teaching
Resource Teacher: _________________ Teacher’s Signature: _______________ School: ____________
Grade/ Year level: ______________ Subject Area: _________________ Date: ____________________
OBSERVE
 Observe how a teacher relates to every learner and how he/she proceeds with her teaching.
 Accomplish this Observation sheet.
Here are philosophies of education. Find out which philosophies were manifested in class by
observing what and how teacher and relates to learners.
Philosophies of Education Teaching Behavior (State what the teacher
said, taught or did).
1. Essentialism- teach mastery of the
basics; curriculum is prescribed; subject
matter – centered there are universal,
objective values; inculcate values;
subject
In what way was teacher essentialist?
e.g. He/ She saw to it that the students
mastered basic concepts and skills.
He/ She inculcated values.
2. Prennialism – teach those that last; the
classics; there are universal values:
inculcate these universal, objective
values
3. Progressivism – very child-centered;
teach those that interest the child; one
learns by experience; learners learn by
doing so teacher teacher’s teaching is
experimental; values are subjective; no
inculcation of values since they are
subjective; instead teachers help
students clarify their values
4. Reconstructionism – school is agent of
change; schooling is preparing students
Activity 16.2

5. for social changes; teaching is involving
the students in discussion of moral
dilemmas
5. Existentialism – teachers learners to
make a choice, to make decisions and
not merely to follow the crowd; one
who does not make a choice and so
simply follow others do not leave
meaningful life
6. Pragmatism – that which is useful, that
which is practical and that which works
is what is good; that which is efficient
and effective is that good. e.g. showing
a video clip on mitosis is more efficient
and more effective and therefore more
practical than teacher coming up with a
visual aid by drawing mitosis on a
cartolina or illustration or illustration
board
7. Rationalism – emphasizes the
development of the learners reasoning
powers; knowledge comes though
reason; teacher must develop the
reasoning of the learner
8. Utilitarianism – what is good is that
which is most useful ( that which bring
happiness the reasoning power of the
learner
9. Empiricism – source of knowledge is
through the senses; teacher must
involve the senses in teaching-learning
10. Behaviorism – behaviour is shaped
deliberately by forces in the
environment and that the type of
person and actions desired can be the
product of design; behaviour is
determined by others, rather than by
person’s own free will; teacher must
carefully shape desirable behaviour;
drills are commonly used to enhance
learning, rewards reinforce learning.
11. Constructivism – Learners are capable
of constructing knowledge and
meaning; teaching-learning therefore is
constructing knowledge and meaning;
teacher does not just “tell” or dictate
but asks learners of knowledge they
construct and meaning of lesson
12. Other philosophies

6. ANALYZE
1. Based on your findings and observations in Activity 16.1 and Activity 16.2, which philosophies of
education are dominant in Philippine basic schools? Why do you say so?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. If there is one philosophy that schools and teachers should give more attention to, what should
that be and why?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
REFLECT
What is your philosophy of teaching? This describes what you believed you should teach, how
you should teach and how you should relate to others in school – with the learners, your colleagues,
your superiors and all other stakeholders. Write them down. This is your title, “My, Philosophy of
teaching”.
My Philosophy of teaching
These may be of help:
I believe that the learner……………….. (Concept of the learner)
I believe that I should teach the learners ………. (What)
By…………… (How)
I believe that I……. (How should you relate to learners, colleagues, superiors, parents and other
stakeholders?)
SHOW Your Learning Artifacts
Accomplished observation sheets
My Philosophy of teaching

7. EVALUATE Performance Task
Evaluate your work Task field study 1, Episode 10 – The instructional Cycle
Learning Outcomes. Identify the application of some guiding principles in the selection and use of teaching strategies. Determine whether
or not the lesson development was in accordance with outcome-based teaching and learning. Identify the Resource Teacher’s questioning
and reacting techniques. Outline a lesson in accordance with outcome-based teaching-learning.
Name of FS Student _____________________________________ Date Submitted:________________
Year & Section: ____________________________ Course: ___________________________________
Learning Episode Excellent
4
Very Satisfactory
3
Satisfactory
2
Needs Improvement
1
Accomplished
Observation sheet
All observation
question/task
completely
answered
accomplished.
One (1) to two (2)
observation
questions/ tasks not
answered/
accomplished.
Three (3)
observation
questions/tasks
not answered/
accomplished.
Four (4) or more
observation
questions/ tasks not
answered/
accomplished.
Analysis All questions were
answered
completely;
answers are with
depth and are
thoroughly
grounded on
theories; grammar
and spelling are
free from error.
All questions were
answered
completely; answers
are clearly
connected to
theories; grammar
and spelling are free
from errors.
Question were not
answered
completely;
answer are not
clearly connected
to theories; one (1)
to three (3)
grammatical/
spelling errors.
Four (4) or more
observation questions
were not answered;
answers not
connected to theories;
more than four (4)
grammatical spelling
errors.
Reflection Profound and
clear; supported by
what were
observed and
analysed
Clear but lacks
depth; supported by
what were observed
and analyzed
Not so clear and
shallow; somewhat
supported by what
were observed and
analyzed
Unclear and shallow;
rarely supported by
what were observed
and analyzed
Learning Artifacts Portfolio is
reflected on in the
context of the
learning outcomes;
complete, well-
organized, highly
relevant to the
learning outcome
Portfolio is reflected
on in the context of
the learning
outcomes.
Complete; well
organized, very
relevant to the
learning outcome
Portfolio is not
reflected on in the
context of the
learning outcomes.
Complete; not
organized.
Relevant to the
learning outcome
Portfolio is not
reflected on in the
context of the
learning outcomes;
not complete; not
organized, not
relevant
submission Submitted before
the deadline
Submitted on the
deadline
Submitted a day
after the deadline
Submitted two (2)
days or more after the
deadline
COMMENT/S Over-all score Rating (based
On transmutation
TRANSMUTATION OF SCORE TO GRADE/RATING
Score 20 19-18 17 16 15 14 13-12 11 10 9-8 7-below
Grade 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.6 5.00
99 96 93 90 877 84 81 78 75 72 71-below
______________________________________ ________________________________
Signature of FS Teacher above Printed name Date

8. LINK Theory to Practice
1. In its vision and mission statements, DepEd wants to develop learners….” Whose values and
competencies enable them to realize their full potential……. “On which Philosophy of education
is this mission statement anchored?
A. Existentialism C. Essentialism
B. Empiricism D. Pragmatism
2. Based on the DepEd’s mission statement, “quality basic education means that students learn in
a child-friendly, gender-sensitive, safe, and motivating environment”?
A. Utilitarianism C. Essentialism
B. Empiricism D. behaviourism
3. Field study 1 which is primarily observation of classes and teachers, is based on which
philosophy of education?
A. Utilitarianism C. Essentialism
B. Empiricism D. behaviorism
4. The inclusion of logic and critical thinking as subject in the curriculum is an offshoot of which
philosophy?
A. Rationalism C. Existentialism
B. Utilitarianism D. Progressivisms
5. It’s valentines’ Day. The lesson is a part of human digestive system – the stomach. Students
bargain with teacher and so ask if they can discuss the heart in place of the stomach. Teacher
responds “Let’s talk about the stomach which is the lesson for today then go the heart when we
are done with stomach. Based on philosophies of education, which is TRUE of teacher?
A. Is essentials in the sense that she sticked to the subject matter for the day and progressivist
since she also considered student’s interest
B. Is pragmatic because it was practical to give way to student’s request even if she prepared
for the day’s lesson
C. Is utilitarinist because she considered both lessons useful
D. Is empiricist, she used visual aids for her lesson
6. What do the DepEd vision and mission statements a core values imply about Philippine
educational system?
I. It is highly essentialist and perennialist.
II. It believes in universal, objective, unchanging Values.
III. It is Reconstructionist.
A. I only C. II and III
B. I and III D. I, II and III
7. For a lesson on developing classifying skills, instead of making students bring objects to classify,
teacher considers it most practical to simply use the student’s body parts like kinds of ear lobes,
kinds of hair line or a lesson on classifying. On which philosophy is teacher’s practice anchored?
A. Pragmatism C. utilitarianism
B. Progressivism D. Empricism

9. 8. The history of curriculum development in the Philippines shows reduction of units in the
humanities but an increase in the natural and physical sciences. On which thought is this action
based?
A. Perennialism C. Utilitarianism
B. Progressivsim D. Emprcism
9. There are a number of laws in the Philippines requiring the teaching of subject matter such as
taxation and agrarian reform , etc. This proves that schools must bring about reform in society
on which philosophies of education is this based?
A. Perennialism C. Empricism
B. Progressivism D. Reconstructionism
10. Teacher makes use of moral dilemmas to enable students a stand in moral issues. Which word
CORRECTLY applies to teacher’s teaching practice?
A. Behaviorist C. Rationalist
B. Existentialist D. Pragmatist