A very good representation on air less tire / non pneumatic tire with very good animation and templates

1. BY JAYASHREE SAMAL
GITA, AUTONOMOUS BHUBABESWAR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

2. 0
3
NON PNEUMATIC TIRE
0
4
DIFFERENT DESIGN APPROACHES
0
2
PNEUMATIC TIRE AND ITS LIMITATIONS
0
5
ADVANTAGE AND LIMITATIONS
0 CONCLUSION
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6
APPLICATIONS
THE
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
01

3. INTRODUCTION
1.
2.
In 1938, J. V. Martin in the United States invented a safety tire with hoops
of hickory encased in rubber and fitted with criss-cross spokes of ribbed
rubber.
the first airless tire to gain attention in the automotive industry was the
Tweel, which was developed by the French tire company Michelin, in
2005
Currently, Bridgestone is developing an “airless” or non-pneumatic tire
for the passenger vehicle market
3.

5. PNEUMATIC TIRE
The air inside the tire provides cushioning and support,
which helps to absorb shocks and vibrations from the road.
This makes for a smoother ride and improved handling.
Pneumatic tires are also able to flex and conform to uneven
surfaces, which helps to improve traction and reduce wear
and tear on the tire.
They all include an inner core that holds pressurized air
which is then covered with a layer of rubber that comes in
contact with the road, called a tread. The tread helps keep
traction with the road and prevents slipping and skidding
Pneumatic tires are rubber tires that are designed to be
filled with compressed air. They are commonly used on
vehicles such as cars, trucks, and bicycles.

6. LIMITATIONS OF PNEUMATIC TIRE
Susceptibility to
punctures and blowouts
Pneumatic tires are filled
with air, making them
vulnerable to punctures and
flats from sharp objects on
the road.
Maintenance
Pneumatic tires require
regular maintenance, such
as checking air pressure, to
ensure they are functioning
properly.
Temperature sensitivity
Pneumatic tires are sensitive to
temperature changes. In cold weather, the
air inside the tires can contract, leading to
low tire pressure, while in hot weather, the
air can expand, leading to overinflation.
Limited lifespan
Pneumatic tires have a
limited lifespan and need to
be replaced periodically,
which can be costly.
Increased rolling resistance
Pneumatic tires can create
more rolling resistance than
other types of tires, which
can affect the fuel efficiency
of a vehicle.
Limited load capacity
neumatic tires have a maximum load
capacity, which is determined by the
tire's size and construction. Exceeding
the load capacity can lead to tire
failure and accidents.
Environmental impact
Pneumatic tires are made from
rubber, which is not biodegradable
and can have a negative impact on
the environment if not disposed of
properly

8. NON PNEUMATIC TIRE
Airless tyres or Non-pneumatic tyres (NPT), are the tyres
that are not supported by air pressure. These tyres are also
called as Tweel
it comprises a solid inner hub that mounts to the shaft and
is surrounded by polymer spokes arranged in a pattern of
wedges
A shear band is stretched across the spokes, forming the
edges of the tire, and the tread, which is the part that
comes in contact with the road, sits on the shear band.
the strength of the spokes in the Tweel absorbs the strain
of the shear band. When the Tweel is in motion, the spokes
absorb road defects in a similar way to how atmospheric
pressure does in pneumatic tires

9. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
DEEP OPEN TREAD DESIGNED
FOR EXCELLENT CLEANING AND
TRACTION
UNIVERSAL 8 HOLE, HEAVY
GAUGE STEEL HUB WILL
EASILY BOLT ONTO ALL
STANDARD SKID STEER
MACHINES
ZERO DEGREE BELTS AND
PROPRIETARY DESIGN CREATES A
“SHEAR BEAM “ WHICH TRANSFERS
THE LOAD TO A UFORM CONTRACT
PATCH
HIGH STRENGTH polyurethane
SPOKES CARRY THE LOAD WHILE
DAMPING THE RIDE AND
PROVIDING A UNIQUE ENERGY
TRANSFER THAT REDUCES
BOUNCE
ZERO DEGREE HIGH TENSILE
STEEL BELTS PROVIDE GREAT
LATERAL STIFFNESS , WHILE
RESISTING DAMAGES FROM
IMPACTS AND PENETRATION

10. DIFFERENT DESIGN APPROACHES
The following are approaches to making an airless tyre by
different companies. Some solve more problems than others, but it
should be noted that all show an extreme amount of ingenuity that may
cross over into different types of engineering.

11. NASA and the Apollo Lunar Rover
Apollo Lunar Rover’S Tires
• The first major attempt at creating an airless tyre was in
1970 for NASA’s Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle. The tyres
were made of steel strands woven together to form the
shape, and then were coated with zinc. In order to gain
traction, titanium chevrons were added to the outer surface.
• This design worked well on the moon, where comfort of the
drivers was not an issue (i.e. cushioning effect of pneumatic
tyres), but it would not have been practical on earth. The
design would also be very expensive for a regular
automobile, which is not attractive to the average consumer.

12. Michelin
X TWEEL AIRLESS TIRES BY MICHELIN
• The next main attempt at creating an airless tyre was called
the Tweel (combination of tyre and wheel) by the tyre
company, Michelin. Their design consisted of a thin rubber
tread with V-shaped spokes made of polyurethane.
• introductory claims versus conventional pneumatic radials
were two to three times the tread life and five times higher
lateral stiffness with only a slight increase in rolling
resistance.
• The only major problem with this model is at highway
speeds, the spokes tend to vibrate, causing excessive noise.
X TWEEL AIRLESS TIRES BY MICHELIN

13. Bridgestone
Bridgestone Airless tire
• The core is made of rigid aluminum and has thermoplastic
spokes radiating outward at an angle in opposite directions
on each side. This creates more stability and less lateral
movement in the tyre
• Bridgestone also fixed the vibration and noise problem in this
way as well. The main issue with their design was that debris
had the tendency to get caught in the gaps between spokes.
• the materials used in the tyres are recyclable, contributing
to the efficient use of resources. Further, by pursuing
extremely low rolling resistance

14. ADVANTAGE LIMITATIONS
AND APPLICATIONS OF
NON-PNEUMATIC TIRES

15. Less environmental
impact.
Facilitate recycling.
Durability & Long Life.
No maintenance needed
Remains mobile even with
some of the spokes damaged
or missing.
Its flexibility provides an
increase in surface area of
contact.
Lesser rolling resistance
With no air pressure you are
left with consistent
economy and handling.
Makes Vehicle more Efficient
have high lateral strength for
better handling without a loss
in comfort.
Eliminates air leaks or tyre
blow outs.
ADVANTAGE OF NON-PNEUMATIC TIRE

16. LIMITATIONS OF NON-PNEUMATIC TIRES
Vibrations become considerate once a
vehicle is driving above 50 mph, while
causing a lot of noise. Also disturbing is the
amount of heat the Tweels generate. Long
distance journey with tweels would be very
unpleasant unless these areas are improved
upon.
One of the biggest disadvantages of
the Tweel is that once it has been
manufactured, it cannot be adjusted.
Michelin are currently working on enabling the
Tweels to be as fuel efficient as pneumatic
tyres. Currently they are within 5% of the
rolling resistance and mass levels.
creating airless tyres requires a totally different
manufacturing process. At this point of time, the
tyre industry revolves around the manufacture of
traditional pneumatic tyres. To modify factories
and service equipment would be a major change,
and the facilities just don’t exist yet.

17. APPLICATIONS
1.They are used on
some small vehicles
such as riding lawn
mowers and motoriz
ed golf carts.
2.They are also used
on heavy equipment
such as backhoes,
which are required to
operate on sites such
as building demolition.
3.Military Usage Tweel
deflects mine blasts
away from the vehicle
better than standard
tyres and that the
Tweel remains mobile
even with some of the
spokes damaged or
missing.

18. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, airless tires have the potential to revolutionize the automotive
industry. airless tires are an area of ongoing research and development.
Companies such as Michelin, Bridgestone, and Goodyear are actively pursuing
advancements in the technology, with the goal of creating a more efficient, cost-
effective, and sustainable alternative to traditional tires., ongoing research and
development suggest that airless tires will continue to be a topic of interest and
innovation in the years to come.