Helpful for the students doing d. pharm from BTE, Lucknow, UP. You can easily get to learn about antibiotics from this slide.

1. S N A INSTITUTE OF PHARMCY
HAIDERGARH, BARABANKI
SUBJECT – PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY – II
TOPIC
ANTIBIOTICS

2. DEFINITION
• Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by living
organisms, which are capable of inhibiting the growth of
other microorganisms, in small concentration.
a. Narrow Spectrum Antibiotic:
The antibiotics which are selectively effective on gram
+ve or gram –ve bacteria or fungi or yeast are called
narrow spectrum antibiotics.
For example – bacitracin, nystatin, benzyl penicillin.

3. b. Broad Spectrum Antibiotics:
The antibiotics which are effective on a large number
of pathogens, not only gram +ve and gram –ve bacteria
but also affect the intracellular organisms like viruses
and rickettsiae are called broad spectrum antibiotics.
For example – tetracyclines, chloramphenicol,
streptomycin, penicillins.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIBIOTICS
o b-lactam Antibiotics:
 Benzyl penicillin
 Benzathin penicillin
 Ampicillin
 Phenoxymethyl penicillin
 Cloxacillin, Carbenicillin
 Cephalexin, Cephaloridine

5. o Non-lactam Antibiotics:
i. Antibiotics containing hydronaphthacene ring, e.g.,
Tetracyclines.
ii. Aminoglycoside antibiotics, e.g., Streptomycin,
Neomycin, Gentamycin, Kanamycin.
iii. Macrolide antibiotics, e.g., Erythromycin.
iv. Anthracycline antibiotics, e.g., Actinomycin,
Daunorubicin.

6. v. Polyene macrolide antibiotics, e.g., Nystatin,
Amphotericin B.
vi. Peptide antibiotics, e.g., Bacitracin.
vii.Non-classifiable antibiotics, e.g., Griseofulvin,
Chloramphenicol.
viii.Miscellaneous antibiotics, e.g., Novabiocin, Rifamycin.

7. BENZYL PENICILLIN (PENICILLIN-G)
• Structure:
• IUPAC Name:
6 (2-phenyl acetamido) penicillanic acid

8. • Properties:
 It is a white, finely crystalline powder.
 It has faint characteristic odour.
 It is hygroscopic.
 It is very soluble in water.
 It is dextrorotatory.

9. • Stability and Storage:
 If the moisture content of benzyl penicillin is less than
0.5%, then at room temperature it is stable for 2–3
years.
 Hence it is stored in tightly closed containers protected
from moisture.

10. • Uses:
 It is used to treat:
 Abscesses, Syphilis, Gonorrhoea.
 Pharyngitis, Pneumonia, Meningitis, Endocarditis due
to staphylococci.
 Pneumonia, Endocarditis due to streptococci.
 Pneumococcal infection.
 Tetanus, Diphtheria, Anthrax and Otitis media.

11. • Preparation:
 Benzyl Penicillin Injection, Eyedrops and Ointments.
 Procaine penicillin Injection.
 Fortified procaine penicillin Injection.
• Brand Names:
Novapen, Crystapen-G.

12. PHENOXYMETHYL PENICILLIN (PENICILLIN-V)
• Structure:
• IUPAC Name:
6 (2-phenoxy acetamido) penicillanic acid.

13. • Properties:
 It is white, finely crystalline powder.
 It is odourless.
 It has slightly bitter taste.
 It is very slightly soluble in water but freely soluble in
alcohol.

14. • Storage:
It is stored in tightly closed containers.
• Uses:
 It is used to treat:
 Abscesses, Gonorrhoea.
 Pharyngitis, Pneumonia.
 Pneumococcal infections.
 Tetanus, Diphtheria.

15. • Preparations:
 Phenoxymethyl penicillin capsules.
 Phenoxymethyl penicillin tablet.
 Phenoxymethyl penicillin oral suspension.
• Trade Name:
Depen, Stabilin.

16. AMPICILLIN
• Structure:
• IUPAC Name:
6 (2-amino, 2-phenyl acetamido) penicillanic acid.

17. • Properties:
 It occurs as a white crystalline powder.
 It is odourless and has bitter taste.
 It is sparingly soluble in water and very slightly soluble in
alcohol.

18. • Stability and Storage:
It is unstable above 25OC. Hence it is stored in tightly
closed container, in a cool place or at a room
temperature not exceeding 25OC.
• Uses:
 It is used to treat:
 Respiratory tract infections, Urinary tract infections.
 Gonorrhoea, Meningitis, Enteric Infections.

19. • Preparations:
 Ampicillin capsule.
 Ampicillin tablets.
 Ampicillin oral suspension.
• Brand Name:
Ampipen, Ampillin, Roscillin.

20. THANK YOU !
Abhijeet Anand (Lecturer)
S N A Institute of Pharmacy
Haidergarh, Barabanki