CRIME AND CRIMINALS

1. RATRAP- THE STUDY OF CRIME AND
CRIMINAL

2. LITTLE ANGELS SCHOOL , SONIPAT
A Project Report On
“LANGUAGES”
For
ASL project, English Core
By Anushka, Aarushi, Nishtha ( Team
Leader)
Class XII science stream

3. CERTIFICATE
OF
COMPLETION
This is to certify that the project report title
research on issue dealt within “LANGUAGES” ;
English core is a bonafide work carried out by
Anushka , Aarushi, Nishtha of class XII (science)
of Little Angels School , Sonipat for fulfilment of the
ASL project work

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A project is a golden opportunity for learning and self
development. We consider ourselves for fortunate and priviledged
to have such wonderful mentor guide us through the journey for
the completion of project. Our sincere thanks to Ms Asha Goyal ,
Principal , Little Angels School , Sonipat, who despite being
extraordinary busy took like to address us and guide us . Our
grateful thanks to our teacher guide , Miss Meenakshi, for his
patience and belief in us We would also like to thank our principal
and faculty of our school for allowing us to conduct our research
amidst them . Lastly , we would like to thanks our family members
for their support which helped us to complete this project

5. S NO. TOPIC
1 OBJECTIVE
2 INTRODUCTION
3 OVERVIEW
4 QUESTIONNAIRE
5 CASE STUDY
6 STATISTICS
7 RELECTION
8 BIBLIOGRAPHY

6. • To learn about different
types of crimes and
criminals
• How to overcome the
happening of crimes in
our surrounding
• Impact of criminal
behaviour on society

7. INTRODUCTION
In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state
other authority. The term crime does not, in modern criminal law, have
any simple and universally accepted
definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain
purposes. The most popular view is that crime is a category created
by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the
relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime
or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some
individual but also to a community, society, or the state ("a
public wrong"). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law.
The notion that acts such as murder, rape, and theftare to be
prohibited exists worldwide.[5] What precisely is a criminal offence is
defined by the criminal law of each relevant jurisdiction. While many
have a catalogue of crimes called the criminal code, in some common
law nations no such comprehensive statute exists.
The state (government) has the power to severely restrict
one's liberty for committing a crime. In modern societies, there
are procedures to which investigations and trials must adhere. If
found guilty, an offender may be sentenced to a form of reparation
such as a community sentence, or, depending on the nature of their
offence

8. Poverty-
Poverty is one of the main reasons
for crime. Countries with high rates
of economic deprivation tend to
witness higher crime rates than
other countries. Since people do not
have the means to secure a living in
the right ways, they invest their
time in criminal activities since they
are not only an easy means to get
what they want but also do not
require any other prerequisite
talents.
CIRMUMSTANCES THAT LEAD TO CRIME

9. Politics-
The interrelation between politics and crime is overlooked
many times. This is problematic as many people have
engaged in criminal activities while dealing with political
issues. There are umpteen politicians with a criminal record.
Additionally, there have been quite a few politicians in
developing countries who have also been associated with
violent crimes and murders. So many youth members of
parties are often given weapons and instructed to handle
matters violently during conflicts. Any political dispute,
however insignificant, usually leads to rampant violence
involving mobs. This not only exposes youth to criminal
activities but also puts the lives of various citizens at risk.
So, an unstable political situation in a country leads to an
exponential increase in the crimes that take place there.

10. MEASURES TO PREVENT CRIMES
•Make Your Home Look Occupied: Leave some lights and a radio on when you’re
out.
•Lock Your Doors: Never leave your house open for “just a moment,” always lock
your doors when you’re out.
•Use Deadbolt Locks: A deadbolt lock is a good deterrent to burglars.
•Don’t Hide A Key Outside: Burglars know all the secret hiding places.
•Drill And Pin Your Windows: Window locks can be jimmied; pins cannot.
•Brace Sliding Glass Doors: If the door is braced, the only way a burglar can get
through it is to break it.
•Install Good Exterior Lighting: Motion sensor lights and other good lights don’t let
a burglar hide in the dark.
•Keep Bushes And Shrubs Trimmed: If bushes are too high, someone hiding near
your windows and doors cannot be seen.
•Stop Mail And Paper Deliveries: If you go on vacation, stop deliveries or have
one of your neighbors collect your mail and papers.
•Get A Dog: Even a small dog may be a deterrent to a burglar.
•Install An Alarm System: Houses with alarms are avoided by burglars
•Citizens protecting themselves and their property by using common sense crime
prevention practices.
•Neighbors getting to know each other, watching out for each other and acting on
or reporting suspicious activities

11. ATTITUDE OF SOCIETY TOWARDS CRIMINALS
Over time there have been a lot of changes in public attitudes towards crime and criminals however, of course
what has not changed is the fact that the majority believe criminals should be punished for their actions and crime
is still viewed in a negative light. However ways in which criminals are treated and viewed has changed overtime.
For example, at present in England the majority who commit a crime will gain a prison sentence or a punishments
such as community service. However, in the past the majority who committed a crime would be sentenced to the
death penalty, for example under the Bloody Code in the 19th Century two hundred crimes were punishable by
capital punishment (Briggs, Harrison, McInnes & Vincent, 1996, p. 157). Along with this the way the public view
why criminals are criminals has changed over time. For example in Elizabethan times they blamed the parents of
the criminal whilst at the start of the 20th century it began to be believed that there was a criminal gene and
therefore it was not an individual’s fault (Briggs, Harrison, McInnes & Vincent, 1996, p. 248). The view of what and
what not is a crime has also changed over time. For example from 2003 it became illegal to “hold a mobile phone
while driving in mainland Britain” (Rochford District Council). This has lead to the public disapproving of others
driving whist using their mobile phone as they now see it as dangerous whilst, before 2003 it was expectable to
hold a mobile phone while driving.

12. QUESTIONNAIRE
Q1- What among you is the most happening crime?
ANS- crimes of theft
Q2) How often this takes place?
Ans- around 2 to 3 days a week
Q3)don’t you register complaints for this??
Ans – No , we register complaints but no one takes step .
Q4) how have you prepared yourself for preventing theft?
Ans- By keeping more attention in houses inside and outside and by being attentive.
A survey was made by people near our locality and following
questions were asked to them.

13. CASE STUDY
On the evening of May 7, 2008, a twenty-three-year-old woman named Rachel Hoffman got into her
silver Volvo sedan, put on calming jam-band music, and headed north to a public park in Tallahassee,
Florida. A recent graduate of Florida State, she was dressed to blend into a crowd - bluejeans, green-
and-white patterned T-shirt, black Reef flip-flops. On the passenger seat beside her was a handbag
that contained thirteen thousand dollars in marked bills.
Before she reached the Georgia-peach stands and Tupelo-honey venders on North Meridian Road, she
texted her boyfriend. "I just got wired up," she wrote at 6:34 p.m. "Wish me luck I'm on my way."
"Good luck babe!" he replied. "Call me and let me know what's up."
"It's about to go down," she texted back.
Behind the park's oaks and blooming crape myrtles, the sun was beginning to set. Young mothers were
pushing strollers near the baseball diamonds; kids were running amok on the playground. As Hoffman
spoke on her iPhone to the man she was on her way to meet, her voice was filtered through a wire that
was hidden in her purse. "I'm pulling into the park with the tennis courts now," she said, sounding
casual.
Perhaps what put her at ease was the knowledge that nineteen law-enforcement agents were tracking
her every move, and that a Drug Enforcement Administration surveillance plane was circling overhead.
In any case, Rachel Hoffman, a tall, wide-eyed redhead, was by nature laid-back and trusting. She was
not a trained narcotics operative. On her Facebook page you could see her dancing at music festivals
with a big, goofy smile, and the faux profile she'd made for her cat ("Favorite music: cat stevens,
straycat blues, pussycat dolls").

14. A few weeks earlier, police officers had arrived at her apartment after someone complained about the smell of
marijuana and voiced suspicion that she was selling drugs. When they asked if she had any illegal substances
inside, Hoffman said yes and allowed them in to search. The cops seized slightly more than five ounces of pot and
several Ecstasy and Valium pills, tucked beneath the cushions of her couch. Hoffman could face serious prison time
for felony charges, including "possession of cannabis with intent to sell" and "maintaining a drug house." The officer
in charge, a sandy-haired vice cop named Ryan Pender, told her that she might be able to help herself if she
provided "substantial assistance" to the city's narcotics team. She believed that any charges against her could be
reduced, or even dropped. (…)
Hoffman chose to cooperate. She had never fired a gun or handled a significant stash of hard drugs. Now she was
on her way to conduct a major undercover deal for the Tallahassee Police Department, meeting two convicted felons
alone in her car to buy two and a half ounces of cocaine, fifteen hundred Ecstasy pills, and a semi-automatic
handgun.
The operation did not go as intended. By the end of the hour, police lost track of her and her car. Late that night,
they arrived at her boyfriend's town house and asked him if Hoffman was inside. They wanted to know if she might
have run off with the money. Her boyfriend didn't know where she was. (…)
Two days after Hoffman disappeared, her body was found in Perry, Florida, a small town some fifty miles southeast
of Tallahassee, in a ravine overgrown with tangled vines. Draped in an improvised shroud made from her Grateful
Dead sweatshirt and an orange-and-purple sleeping bag, Hoffman had been shot five times in the chest and head
with the gun that the police had sent her to buy.
By the evening of her death, Rachel Hoffman had been working for the police department for almost three weeks. In
bureaucratic terms, she was Confidential Informant No. 1129, or C.I. Hoffman. In legal parlance, she was a
"cooperator", one of thousands of people who, each year, help the police build cases against others, often in
exchange for a promise of leniency in the criminal-justice system.
In 2009, the so-called "Rachel's Law" was passed by the Florida State Senate, requiring law enforcement agencies
to provide special training to officers who recruit confidential informants, instruct informants that reduced sentences

15. STATS RELATED TO CRIMES
OF FEW YEARS

16. REFLECTION
• This project gave me an insight
how Little things can affect our
life so much and how there is
always hope in life
• I had a better understanding of
overcoming the panic situation
in a calmer way
• Making this project made me
realize how every second person
has to face some or other
problem

17. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• FROM OUR FACULTY
• FROM INTERNET
• FROM BOOKS
• FROM OUR PARENTS