This research paper examines the long-term causal relationship between the quality of education and technological readiness. It focuses on Northern Europe, where the quality of education is strongly supported by government policies and/or a high level of intellectual independence, distinguishable from that in the US and Continental Europe (Acemoglu, 2012). Information technology is increasingly becoming a requirement for the success of modern education. From the point of enrolment in educational institutions up to the point of exit, various technologies are implemented to enhance the smooth running of educational processes such as registration, classroom/online teaching, administration and so on. The implementation of technology in education is aimed at improving the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of education delivery. Technology, in this regard, covers various teaching and learning aids that are established on the bedrock of an information technology infrastructure (Peña-López, 2016) . Correspondingly, education combines all available resources to ensure the effective delivery or transfer of knowledge from a teacher to a learner. The end product of education, as suggested by many scholars in education, is “a change in the behavior of the learner” (Mayer-Mihalski & DeLuca, 2014). As education is a key determinant of the social, technological, economic, and political development of any nation, in order to improve and expand access to technology schools are making efforts to increase allocation of technological resources and thus improve the quality of education Innovation in education can be a major driver behind more equally distributed income among a country’s population. Innovations to improve educational quality can provide long-term benefits in terms of creating a more equal society, which in turn can generate widespread innovative and creative thinking. According to a 2016 OECD report, innovation in educational systems can add value in different ways. First, it can improve learning outcomes and educational processes; for example, personalized learning can be created for each student. Second, education is a means of improving equity and equality; in this sense, innovation can enhance equity in access to education and promote equality in learning outcomes. Third, the educational sector in general introduces changes in response to societal needs. In this context, efficient educational systems should adopt teaching and learning practices that help to foster skills for innovation. The open educational system in Nordic countries encourages use of technology and a high quality of education. Schleicher (2012) states that good policy in relation to open educational resources can make technology usage more effective in education. According to Schleicher (2012), open platforms can connect teachers experiencing the same difficulties in education and encourage a more collaborative teaching culture, which, in turn, can foster innovation and acq

1. Presentation
course:Biochem-614
TOPIC:INTERACTIONSOF VITAMINS
Presented By: Waqar Ul Hassan (2019-ag-9587) &
Muhammad Wasim (2019-ag-9548)
Presented to : Dr. Saba Amir

2.  CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION TO INTERACTION OF VITAMINS
• INTERACTION OF VITAMIN CAND E
• EFFECTS OF VITAMIN C AND E
• VITAMIN CAND E WITH FERULIC ACID
• INTERACTION OF VITAMIN D,E AND K
• INTERACTION OF VITAMIN C AND B12
• INTERACTION OF VITAMIN B9 AND B12
• INTERACTION OF VITAMIN B3 AND B6
• PSSITIVE EFFECTS OF MULTIVITAMINS
• CONCLUSION

3.  INTRODUCTION
Interaction of vitamins
• A number of interrelationships exist among
vitamins and between vitamins and other dietary
constituents. The interactions may be synergistic
(i.e., cooperative) or antagonistic, reflecting.
• for example, overlapping metabolic roles (of the B vitamins in particular), protective
roles (e.g., vitamins A and E), or structural dependency (e.g., cobalt in the vitamin
B12 molecule)

5.  Is it OK to take different supplements
(vitamins) at the same time?
• Combining supplements will not normally interfere with the way they work and in
some cases may be beneficial
for example vitamin C helps iron absorption. However, certain supplements may
interact with each other.
• There is competition within the gut for the absorption of different minerals and a
large dose of one might decrease the absorption of another.
• Therefore a multivitamin and/or mineral product is best for all-round
supplementation because it has been designed to deliver nutrients in the right
balance.

6.  Interaction of vitamins C & E
• Vitamins C and E are the main dietary
antioxidants. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
is found in the aqueous, while vitamin E
(mainly a-tocopherol) is located in the lipid,
compartments of the body
REF : K Tanaka 1, T Hashimoto,
S Tokumaru, H Iguchi, S Kojo

8.  Effects of vitamin C & E
• In cells, vitamins C and E interact synergistically to provide antioxidant protection
• Oral vitamin C with E in high doses protects against UV-induced erythema in humans
, whereas either vitamin alone is ineffective
• Topical L-ascorbic acid (15%) with α- tocopherol (1%) gives four-fold protection
against UV-induced erythema.
• The number once-daily application of correct formulations of vitamins C + E
provides a reservoir In the skin for protection not only against post UV–induced
erythema, hyperpigmentation, photo aging, and skin cancer, but also against other
free-radical damage,
• They are indeed a valuable adjunct to frequent sunscreen application. of damaged
“sunburn cells”

9.  Vitamin C with vitamin E and ferulic acid
• Ferulic acid is a potent antioxidant present in
the cell walls of grains, fruits, and vegetables.
• Ferulic acid alone absorbs some UV and therefore
Is itself a weak sunscreen.
• When mixed with vitamins C and E, it stabilizes
the formulation and acts synergistically to double
the photo protection from fourfold to eightfold
Reference : Medically reviewed by Alan Carter, Pharm.D. — By Kristeen Cherney on
January 28, 2019

10.  What will happen if we take different
VITAMINS together ?
•Vitamins D, E and K
1. Studies have shown that a person’s absorption of Vitamin K may be reduced
when other fat-soluble vitamins such as Vitamin E and Vitamin D are taken
together
2. It’s advised that you take these vitamins at least 2 hours apart to maximize
your absorption.
3. simply not efficient” to take them together as your body’s ability to absorb
the vitamins will be reduced if you take them together.
Ref: Adriana J. van Ballegooijen,1 Stefan Pilz,2 , 3 Andreas Tomaschitz,

12.  Vitamin C and B12
• Some studies have shown that Vitamin C could
break down Vitamin B12 in your digestive tract, reducing
your B12 absorption. As a result, We should wait at least
two hours before taking Vitamin C with your Vitamin b12
• Vitamin B12 plays an important role in red blood cell production
and the proper functioning of your nervous system.
• and B12 deficiency can lead to poorer nerve health and affect red blood cell
development and function.
1.Reference: Herbert V, Jacob E. Destruction of Vitamin B12 by Ascorbic Acid.
JAMA. 1974;230(2):241-242.

13.  Interaction of vitamin B9 & B12
• Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a collection of pathological metabolic conditions that
includes insulin resistance, central or abdominal obesity, and hypertension
• Vitamin B12 and folate supplementation has a considerable positive impact on MS.
• The linkage of cobalamin metabolism with folate is attributed to the utilization
of CH3-THF as the methyl donor .
• CH3-THF is the most common form of folate in blood and tissues .
• Important For stroke and obesity
• These both are important during pregnancy period
Reference: A community-based cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2018, 17, 434–
444. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

15.  VITAMINS B3 & B6
• Niacin and vitamin B-6 have some complementary
functions, with both vitamins helping to support your metabolism.
• B3 (Niacin) helps make up a part of NADH, a chemical
your cells use to make energy from carbohydrates and fats.
• Vitamin B-6 also helps you derive energy from these nutrients.
• In addition, vitamin B-6 helps you metabolize
protein from your diet, and helps your body break down stored carbohydrates into
glucose.
• Eating fortified cereals or meats, such as turkey, chicken or salmon, provides you
with both vitamins. Lentils, lima beans or peanuts boost your intake of niacin, and
bananas, spinach and hazelnuts contain vitamin B-6.

16.  The positive effects of multivitamins
These factors aside, experts say there are many potential
benefits of taking a multivitamin for the general population.
“The positives are numerous,
1. The obvious: nutrient sufficiency
2. Immune health (vitamin C and zinc )
3. Eye health and vision ( vitamin A, vitamin B12, biotin,
vitamin C, vitamin E )
4. Bone and muscle health ( vitamin D )
5. Heart health ( vitamin K is an unsung hero of cardiovascular health )

18.  Conclusion
• Avoid taking more than one multivitamin product at the same time
unless your doctor tells you .
• Taking similar vitamin products together can result in a vitamin overdose or serious
side effects. LIKE
 DIARRHEA
 UPSET STOMACH
 NAUSEA
 HEADACHES
 NOSEBLEEDING