1. '
N am e M orphology C ulture ldentification Virulence D iseases M ode of T reatm ent Prophylu is
'
Factors T ransm ition
Staphylococcus O +.ve.coociarrangr.d -Simplenutlient .Catalax +v* -Staphyloœ agulase 1-Ixçalized:111ninf; -PenicillinsBUr:
in grape likx cluslers m e ia -Coagizlasc+ve .clum pinirfactor -folliuulitis,fum noles, * penicillitzrzsist
a u reu s .
- Bloedagar:golden -Clumpingfactor+ve -ProtzinA càro nclesorabscesses SA
yeliow coloaies -Hemolysilz(atoxin) -postopemtivewound *M çthtcillin
surroundeöwitil -lnvaxing:Lm cocidiw inf re:istSA
com pld elzem olyKi: i'taphylokinax , -w um aticw ound inf * Vancem ycin
- M annitole tagar: hyaluronidase. 2-st pnmm zenia rvsistSA
yellew cololties ' -Exd exinsw ith 3-lnvasiv: contûtierw:
superantigcngmcch: br terem la septicem ia
* Ent4rotoxilu zk-Tcxin m odiatod dis.:
#TSST -food poisoning
*Epid:rm olyticT. -toxicshock Bynd.
- St.Bcalded skin s d.
Sy eptococcus G +vececciarranged -Bloodasar: -(latalax -ve -M prottin 1-P giti. .Penigiilin Toproventrp eatod
in chainserpab coloi esarçsm all -p'owtilinhibitedby -Fibroncdin-binding 2.Scarld fever rheum aticntfnelks:
.P.Y*RenCS surroundedbyzones bacitracin protein(PrettinF)& 3-Skin& sotttissueinf: -Ixmgading
orcom pldc(B) -Agglutite onby lipoteiglloicacid impdlgo,celluiites& perlicillin
hem olysis group A antibody -C5apeptlda.x erysipelag. -Elytha m ycin
- 5 % COz ' -Hyalurortk açid .4-lnvaeivestrgptirtt::
cap ule # Ptufpuralfever
-
llw.sind: *Acuteendocarditis
*Strtptokinasç #N :crotizing Fu ciitis
*Hyaluronidmse *Toxicshock synd.
,
*bluczttas.s r-Poat-#te pt.seqtldle;
eStreptolysin #acuterizeurnatic fever
-
Pyrogenic exotoxins #acuto
om etulone hritis w
Streptococcus (3+ve,lancetshapedy .Blx dagar: -Qudlingust4.vœ Polysaccharidocapsulq -Pneum oniw mO ingitis -Dropld irdkdion -Ceftriaxoll: .Capaular
cap:ulateddlplococci colonizsahow (a) .ortlwthinllibitedby & otitigm ediaareth;3 polyu cclmride
pneum ono e thatmayrorm short lxmolysis optocin lmjordiszases vacdne
(Pneu.m OCR ci) lzains -sitlusitis -New pneumococcalC
*conjtmdivitis conjugat:vacoine
- endocarditis
N elaseria G -ve cocçiarrange,d -Chngolatçagary. -Oltidnme.f've -Piki >Oononiloeea -Scxua1coutact wCelhiaxene -ltepeatedinfedions
h:pairswithadjacent -modifed''l-tlayer- -Olucosefennwith -Oute membrane -Neonxtmlcoqjuactivitia -neonataj altlloughantibodies
gonorrh4w ae uidtsjlattenedtogive Martinmodia(MTM) acidproi protging -Vtllvovaginitig conjundivitisoocurs ar*preducei
kidneyorcoffeebqan -5-10% CO1 -Outermembran:porin -Pelvicinflammatory attim eefdeiivery -Neonatoonj.;
appearanc: -Lipo-oligosaccharides diseu es eov rom yoin eyo
- IgA 1protease -dissem inated ointm em
onococcalinfed ion
N elaserla G -ve cocçiarransed -Bloodagar -Ozdasz+ve .Polysaccharide -M ûningitim -Dropld iltfedion -Cehriaxone Polyvalc tvaccine:
*.du inpairgwithadjacent -Chocolateagar. -Glucoxeandmaltose cw sule, -meningococcal -bivalent(poupA
m enin, sià snattenedtogivo -modifigdenlayer- fmnwithacidprod.
- Lipo-polp acchazide badwxm ia. & C),quudrivalent .
kidney orcotre:b4an M artinmodia(M TM ) -Piti (W YAC)
appoarance -5-1:% C(h -lgAlprotease Clw moproplx;
rifam id n
Corynebacterlum G +.veciub-ghaped -BloodRgar -Colonie:are -Diphthztiaexotodn Diplc eria -Dropfd infediön -Dïph,Antitoxin -Dîphflteriatoxoid
bacilti,arrarlgodat -Dx m er'sserum v oy/blaqkontellurito (A-B strudure) from canietoromse. -Peniçillin/dl
phthe6 ae acuteangleaor m odia. agar, A fram entinitibitsptn erytllrcm ycin
aralld to eaoh other. -bloodg lluritea ar -ToZ enicit îestin ,: s tllesi:leadin to cell. -Res irato
l
2. resem bling Cbbzese Elek tesk tissueculture deatlz, ''* - support
ldters. cytotoxioitytzsts,PCR Caruiacmsankl9*'
-
M ethyleneblue ' and ELISA cranialn.aresenaitive
stain gjvoa toîoxin.
characteristic beadod
a eafu oe
B acHlus Jzl//jrm fa G +KpGw fonning -Simplenutrientasar -Capsule Antlvax: -Cutmpous:. . .
bacilti,nonm otile, -Bloodagar -Anthraxtoxin(A-B Cutarwousanthrax lundlinginfedcd
capsulatedand M durc)cQnsistsofi lrjtegtinalanthrax materials.
arrangedinchaùls. Oedemafador(EF) Pulm onaty anthrax -Intost'tnal:eating
IX''tIN'ûfador(LF) infededmeat.
Protçctiveantigon(PA) -Pulmonarv:
N .B.;usçdin inhalins sporeIadw.n
bid errcd sm . dtlst
Ctostridlum G +velarge -Anaqrobiccultute -fm uentsugarswith -Alpha-toxin -Gagzlngr:ne(cl. -corrmd anaerobic
rtdangularbacilli -Bloodagar: acidandgasprod, -'lxeta-toxin Myonecregis) conditioluperfringens '
with ovalsub- sum m ndedbv -Storm v clotreadion -ethers:hem olvsin. -Apaerobiccellulites. -HypœbaricOz
term inalnoa-buiging com pletuhenw lysi; -Nagler'srtadion (24)111:::11a.22.protease.,.. -Foodpoisonlng -at i-alphatoxin
8 es. antismvm
Clostrldium td anl O +ve bacilli,with -zu acobicculture -Tetanospasmiu: -Tdmlq,: Lacvrationsorsmall .Humarktdanus -Tdanu:toxoid
bulgingtem linal -Simpleandcooked neurctoxinactsonCNS 1.Clmlerkigedt puncturewounds immunoglobulin (pattefDPT )
sporesgiving m em m tdi. blockreloaseor (dgx ending) contaraittm dwitik (HTIG).
drum stick appcarance -Blood agar: ' inhibitory 2.N eonxfnIt C.td anispores .l4 cal
com plvu hem olysis n:urc4rM:snlittors 3.Locatizcdt. dobridm etrt
Ixodudnggtneralized tasixndingl -M dronidazolo
m klsclllar: u m s. 4.Ce halict.
Clostrldiutn O +vebacillimotile -Atlaœobico'ulture Tiz mogtetrectiveway .Botulzum toxin: -Food-bonw botulism: .Foodvborne Trivaknt(& B.E)
withovalsubterminal toçenflrm diagnosigi: VG 1*t*t toxinz lealtingtothœ id botulism :ingtstien antitoxinbotuanum
spores todded tlw toz nin qpçcificfornçz've paralp is.llapidly fnfll ofprefom w dtoxiœ
$er1.111:,fa.ecesorfood endinp at -lafaatbom lixm : -Infantbotalism
rçrnnantâ. lwttromastularjunctiocs çongtipatiow weak :ingestionoftho
whrr:itinhibit.stelease suckling & w:qknesa.A 1l sporesthat
oface lcholilw leading casagrecover germ inateinthegut
' to tlaccid aral sig.
ClostrA um 0 +veglxlrefonning -Anaerobiccuiturz Ddedionf)fC,diflldle -ToxinA:enterotoxin -Pxudcftumbranous -W ithdraw
imcilli toxininstoolg -ToxinB:cytotoxin colitisandantibiotic Musativediffwlle
associated diazrhoea aptlbiotic
.
antiC.difrdnzgs
.cbrred
dehydration.
> anîidiarrhoeal
N OT betaken X
M ycobacterlum Slenderacid-alcohol elxwensteinelensen: .Niacinpredudion. -M ycolicacids. -HumantuberculogiK -PulmonaryT.B: -Fifxt-litm drugs: -BCG vaocine.
fastbacillithatmay seledivteggbaaed -Nitrateredudion wCordfador. lnbnlationofdropld isonic id,tuberculosis
appearcurvett W ith m odium , -M ycobactriz nuclœiçarried by air rifam picil
zieblm eelsen sta.in .M iddlebrook's gulfolipidg. âom apatientwitâ pyru innm i/ ,
Eppearpink inablue m eedilzm :synthdic open pulm onary etllam butoland
background,w ith enriched m odium T,B. streptom ycin.
auramine-rhodam ine -JntegthzalT.B: -szcond-iilz:drug
they fluoresceorange lngzatilm ofm ilk *tttaimuld b:
ytllow in black contam inated with com binzd & fQr
backg ound. M .bovis llm g duration.
2
3. M ycobacterium Acid-zcoholfast -Culturesinvivo -Leprosy -Prolongedand -Rifampicin
baciliistaincd with 'only: . clcix izontad with .D:psm el
eprac , 'm odifledZ-N %tntn. Nkïe-baadzd patienfs
arrrzadijlo & m ice
Escherk hia cnll M ax onkgyagar -f- nentglucose, -DiarrizoeagenicE.coli; -Urinac trad iltf -Invitro
givingrosopink lactosc,maltoso, I'ilimltorotoxins(LT, -Nçonatwlm o ingitis susc+ ibilhytest
colony dueto iad ose m annite csugrose& STI sitigatoxin sD iarrhtx a: -in diarrhem:
ferm entatiou salicinw ithacid & glus -Uropathogeniçstrains: entcotexigonicEC, oorred
prod. 111110 a1qdhesion. vnterohacm errhagio o hydratien
-
IM VC (++.-) exotoxias,K antigcms. Ec,enteropatbogenicEC,
. LPSIendtgpxin enteroinvagiv: EC
enteroagp esative EC .
- Plzeum oniw 8epsis,
tndotoxic ahock-
K tcbsiella G -.v:baciiii,lzon- M acconkeyagar -fennentglucose, -Capsule .Urinazyt.r% iltf -Invitro
motilg& usually gvingrosepink iadose,lnaltose -Pneumonia susceptibilitytest
capsulatei colony dueto lad tysg nzannite.sucrose& -N eonatalsepsi:
fennentation n licin witllagid & gas
Pr/d.
-
IM VC --++
S aef/.g ()-vebacilli.tnotile -Maœ lmkvyagar& -fermentglucosu, -Foodpeisertinr -Foodpoisotting: -Celtriaxotw -TAB vac.:heat
DCAgivin: maitoge&marmitewitlz S.xteritidis& linkedtofoodof -Amjcillinfor killeicolûurlesscolony due acid & gagprod. s,typbim tuiuttk anim al& poultry clzrom ccarriersof -And onekilled
tonon-lactûp: -Ur- :-ve&;indole- -Tvpboldfôver:S.typl'ti origin. S.tm hi, IXtV''taI'V sqspenaion
ferm m tation. ve. ' a S.paratypitiA,BIC. -Typlw id fever: ofS.typlzi
-
Salm onell:-shigella -produteH:S -septicem ia& farm lly -Oraltyphoid vac.:
agar N .B:Typhofd fevor: Bavterelnia:S.oholerasui: contam inated food livem enuated
widalteat & watcr-Pea on to -Vicapsular
.
Iher- n contad . polysacclurideof
s.t hi
Shigella O -vebK illiynon- -M accœ keyagar& -l-actosenon-fermcnter .Jrtvaaiveness -Bacillarydysenteo faecaliy -Ceftria.xono
m otile,non- DCA giving exceptS.sennei -Shigatoxin:gm duced cordam inated food
- dysenterlae çapsulated colourleiscolony due -M annite-form mtter by S.dysx teriaetype 1. & w ater
- G'i tonon-ladose exctptS.dp enteliae -Person to porson
- boydl fermçntation. .Prottuceaddbutne transmittion..
- sonnei -Szmmtella-œ gell: gas.
agar -U t:ase-ve
-
H :s -ve
Yepsinia pe-aWi.y G -vecoccobacilli -Bloodasar& -Fractiœ 1Agor -Fradion 1capsqlz -Pjakue: -Flea-borne;bytlea
tlzathave M acccnkey .gar: capgularAg ddected by -M urin:tflxin *Bubenic bite
clzaraderisticbipolar :1na11pinpokTt FA tests. -Catalase *Septicem ic -D iroctcom ad witb
m irtinp ntm-motile, ceeleurltu,tlact/se -Specïficbaaezieplzagr -Javaxin *Pneum tmic infede,dtisstlzsor
non-sllorefonnins nonfeermenter) -Biochemicaltests. fluids.
colonie:after24 lu's -Rlspiratery w
at25/C . dropld :9 f)a1cases
w 1t11pneum onic
la o
Vlbrio c/t/lertze fi-Vepcurvtdbadlli, -Alkalinepeptene -Oxidase+ve -Cholm'wtoxin:s -Cholet'a -faecoeralroute -Fluidnnd .Clwlera(koll'slv.
hil lymdiiewitha wate (pH :.5):a -String+.v/ binding(B)anda.n through electroiyte -W holccell/B
sinsepofar surfacepellîcle -Fermeatglucose, activ:(A)subunits confalltiftatedfoed rtpzacement nbunitv,
flagdlum coe ain vibriegatter m altose,tnannitvazld and w ater -Liveattenuated v.
iaçubatioa for6.8ilrs suçm s:imtnotladose
at37+ . w itlx odud ion ofâcid
3
4. '
.
-
Tlziosulfattsdtrate- butnotgas.
'
. bileu ltg-suçrose . ''' .
(TCBS):ydlow
colonies
Campylobad er G -ve,çurve.clbacilli -Selediv;medié; .campylobagt. -consumptiouof -Ftuidarkd
with a single Skirrow 'sm edia, enteritis:diarrl!e.a contarninatcd food Glectrolyto
tlagellum & hag micrtmerophilic(r% &Extra-intestinal; andwater. replacem ent
daztingmotility. Oz& lopztc ozl. ' ' artlwitis.
bad ea m iaa -Erytlzrom ycin
- Fittrution m etitod. m eaingitiw pneum orda, . -Ciprofloxacin
abortion,
- G uillian-Barre
s droznp,
H elicobaa cr Spiralorcunrtd, -skirrow'emectia -Oxirinqe+ve -vacuolatingcytotoxin .Chronicgae ti: -Faeco-oralroute -Tripletherapy
lori (3-ve,nocspyr: (selgdive) -Ureasç+ve (va.f;A) -Ix odonalor&astricPï
fortningbacilll, -chocotatcagar(non -Donotfuu-m erttsu- -Cagpsthogcnicity ulcerwgastliccarcinoma
m otilewitbmultiple selxtivo) isyantj(cag-PAI) may follow.
m onopolarflagetta .u icroavvopiglic(5%
0z& l0% C(N)
Pseudom onas O '-ve,nc'aspore -Nutrientagar; -O:tilk'ue+vo .cçmmtmityaclmired: -hw itz'otestinx
inosa fonningh dlli, brigbtveencolour -Catalax +ve Afollicutitis shouldbedoneaerug
m otilo.non- .Blood agart .carboilydratenon- 'rxternalearin.tl
fonnentative. com pldehem olp is ferm enters *gy:inf.
- M acconkey agar: *ûstsom yelitis
.
:
çolourlesscoloniçs *endocarditis
- Aerobic -Nosocom ialInfed ions:
Arep iratm'yW .
i
A1JrI
i ' # w ound inf
$m o ingitis&
s ticem ia
H aek tophlhM ShoftG -Ve.bacillior -Requiresx-fador -Det4dionofçapsular -Polysfkccharide -Fmcapsulatedtypts: -Inhalationûf -Celtriaïone -H.irdluçn7nçtype
injluexzae Oçcobacilli,some (haemin)&wfactor jxllysacchyeidt:by: capsule. *moingiti:& respiratorydroplds. b:Gapstllar
afeOpstzluted (NAIX *oudlingtegt -1gA1protease çpiglottitis(cllildless5 Polyo cdlaride:
-
Choœ latt4- *l.atu agglutinasion j'rsl Qolg o t*dtoCxrritf
-
5% C O aat370C *Fluorescontantibody * Pçricarditis, Protçin.
Slailàing Pneumonx okeomyelitis -K fltnpiçin:
& adhritis, CIW CTICW OPfW I*Z S'
- N on capsulatedtypegl
* Pneum oni. &
baov erllia
*O titism edia&
pertussls
-
âW
*
IRCUbZCr*7dayga.t -W m lnicXage: SdG'sIPI11OfDP9
3W C * PTX
#TrK x alCytd gxin
(TC7')
4
5. .
B rucella SmallG -vebacilli. .S- dextrose -Ozdaae+ve : Bnwellosia(Undulu -lngtstien -Combinationef
tzj non-tzmtil: non- agar -Urçase+ve feverorMeltafoverl sDired contad antibidics
-
ortus 'capsulatqd& ncrn- -blx dagar -Catalase+.v; tlvoushskin (intracelluiar
-
M CIiQ MSL% f in -chocolateagar -Redutx nitrates atxw iens organism)
-' suL% -acobic -lnbnlationduring
- 10% CO z hnndlingbrucella
culm re.
Legul'nella Faintlya inod(J--vt! -Bafrete.dclmrcoal .Ekdotogin -lxgiepziaire'gdïseasc -lnllalatignof -Erythm mycin
/ila bacilli,motile yeaste'xtract(BCYE) -PQZIK fevc contam inatedwater
pneum op l a ar aerosols
Trep onem a Tlltinwalled,flvxible -Cnnnotcultiv.ted N .B:Serologioaitests: -Svpitills: -Sex'ualvenereal8. -Ponigillin
u)d gpiralrodswith invitro -Nontreponelnal: *PrimaryS. -Tramqplacental
# J um regularcoils& -Inoçulatedinto 0 11.
1.& RPR * Secondary S. cotîgenitalS,
m I N)J ezzds,ha.s rabbittrxicl/s -Tro onrzzzal: *l-atzntstu o -Freyh bloed
rapid corcksta w TPH A.TPI, i-fA- *Ttqliary S. transfusion-
m otility ABS,ElA & wost/m -Cona m'talS.
blot.
B orrclia '1Rlinwallc ftexible -Highlyenriclwd -DNA hybridizatien -Relgosinaftvor: -ReiapsingRver;
spird rodswitlz flat m eedia:BSK Iim edis *Loux -borne *Loux -borne:
. & holioalwaves at30to350C. (vpiderniçlzB.recurrentis transuzilcdby
highly m otile. *Tick-bonw cm aiw d hum an % dy
tenlemicl:B.duttoili& iouse.
B.hennsii. #Tick-bornu ;
- Lvntediseaso: transm itted byticks
B.burgdorferi -Ll'm edismtse:
transrnitted b ticks
L eptasp ira Tlzi1:wallei fiexibla -Fldclzet'am edia ' -M ic oacopic -Ixptpspirosig(W eil's -Tratumittion -Peniclllin &
spiratrodsw ith -Stuart'am fdia agglutination testsor dismwe - m f' ectious occursvia infed ed doxycycline.
hooke.dends. -incubateammbically PCR. jaundice):Leptospira uiinewhich
at30oC forI-2 icteroitaem errllagiae. contam inates
w eelts. stagnantw ater
BOUrCeS.
or.sher-;g.
5
6. Cotlcc' :tzcz/// kb kcoczacleo é? a,c. a
f? . J/
G z.,- / -..c-
Y tuolasmap'rz
'
qk ooo,'zxq. . g /
.
ltyjlotoczx.z .àle-is<ezja * / ou/izu.,o pneusoniacI
ctv e-u-x yoe.gmgonorr
;Jvm;dio '.J t'j rrcjiq @GOWT/Q m cw Iormayo
memg il/c/is . o J f
az/voys/v'ca.a rznzurcqvngà .:.,:/ ctk
, D m
s nJuuieàn t-w m u v. a. 3b psc
,uzwrf F'
Jr o'kz.z * Leyol/s/zlr't . c,2/ Jo /al/u.
u'zc.c/;... ''cxrrol'itzxvrl'uu?k tônw wxoni.u-.J k-.l ,ys
..PLl
iri4tz,yvs
. tkh4,,'v.- //u.pntuœ onioE
A ic&e-f/ul.. fznl'ocococouu -
.
éc-/-inom ce.sJ
kc..e.1l,'/
f oco-rcii.. #
l .
8. T b oratory iagn osis ',Jt .
A - Specrim ens:
B - D irectdetection :
l-G ram staineclsm ears.
2-D irectdetection of ......antigens in specim ens by EL ISA .
3-N ucieie acid probe testdetects ......,.nucleic acid in specim ens.
C - C ulture. .
'
-
m edia :
-
atm osphere:
N .B .:B lood sam ples should be cultukqed by blood culture techniques,sttbcultures
are done every 2 days.
D - tdentification:
1-after incubation for 1-3 days :
-
shape ofcolonies:
-
gram stain:
2-O rganksn-tis identified as .......b)':
-
speciat-tests :catalase,oxidase ..oetc. .
-
detectior:ofspecific antigensby agglutination orinuuunotlurescence.
-
N ucleic aeid probes.
E - Seroloay:
-
D atection of.,.......antibodiesin the patient'sserunA.
