The heart contains four chambers - two upper chambers called atria and two lower chambers called ventricles. The atria receive blood from veins into the heart while the thicker-walled ventricles pump blood out of the heart and into arteries. There are three types of circulation - systemic circulation pumps oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, pulmonary circulation pumps deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, and hepatic portal circulation transports blood from the intestines to the liver. Valves between the chambers regulate blood flow through the heart.

1. Anatomy of the heart

2. A diagram of the heart

3. The heart’s anatomy
The heart is a muscular organ about the size of
a closed fist that functions as the body’s
circulatory pump.
It takes in deoxygenated blood through the
veins and delivers it to the lungs for
oxygenation before pumping it into the
various arteries.

4. The heart’s anatomy
On its superior end, the base of the heart is
attached to the aorta, pulmonary arteries and
veins, and the vena cava.
The inferior tip of the heart, known as the
apex, rests just superior to the diaphragm

5. Chambers of the heart
The heart contains 4 chambers: the right
atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left
ventricle.
The atria are smaller than the ventricles and
have thinner, less muscular walls than the
ventricles.

6. Chambers of the heart
The atria act as receiving chambers for
blood, so they are connected to the veins that
carry blood to the heart.
The ventricles are the larger, stronger pumping
chambers that send blood out of the heart.
The ventricles are connected to the arteries
that carry blood away from the heart.

7. The wall of the heart
 The wall of the heart is formed by Cardiac
muscles, which are striated involuntary
muscles.
 Thickness of cardiac muscles not equal in
all chamber .it depend on force of
contraction to pump the blood .

8. The wall of the heart
 Thickness of wall of atria < wall of
ventricles.
 Right ventricles pump blood to near
lungs, left ventricles pumped to whole
body, so the thickness of right ventricles
<left ventricles.

9. Separation and Valves
 The two atria are separated by interatrial septum.
 The two ventricles are separated by interventricular
septum.
 Right atrium is connected to the right ventricle via the
tri-cuspid valve.
 Left atrium is connected to the left ventricle via the
mitral valve.

10. Systemic Circulation
 It starts at the left ventricle.
 Oxygenated blood is pumped to all body organs
through Aorta.
 Deoxygenated blood is collected from all body
organs by different veins which join together to from
the superior and inferior vena cavae.
 The vena cavae open at the right atrium where the
circulation ends.

11. Pulmonary Circulation
 It starts at the right atrium.
 Deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs via the
Pulmonary Artery.
 Oxygenated blood is collected from the lungs and
returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins which
open at the right ventricle where the circulation ends.

12. Hepatic portal circulation
 It starts from the small intestines.
 Blood full of nutrients moves the liver through the
hepatic portal vein.
 After processing of nutrients in Liver, blood moves to
the hepatic vein which opens at the inferior vena
cava, which finally opens in the right atrium where the
circulation ends.

13. Credits
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