Interview Workshop
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http://www.witness.org | The aim of this session is to instruct participants in obtaining informed consent on camera as well as familiarizing them with interview techniques and technical considerations needed for shooting an interview. Basic concepts will be introduced and facilitators will work with participants in recording an interview exercise. WITNESS Training Curriculum - Part of module 3
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Interview Workshop
- 1. Interview Workshop WITNESS invites you to use, remix and share this curriculum. All materials are under Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial ShareAlike 3.0 License. You can also find more video advocacy training materials at www.witness.org.
- 12. What is Room Tone? 12/13/11 WITNESS.org Follow this link to listen to an audio example of room tone: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jInQpe1hDIQ Room Tone is the "silence" recorded at a location or space when no dialogue is spoken. In an edit, Room Tone is intercut with dialogue to smooth out any sound edit points.
- 13. What are “Talking Hands”? 12/13/11 WITNESS.org “ Talking hands” cutaways are close ups of the interviewees hands as they are gesturing while they speak. Record “talking hands” at the end of an interview while your interviewee is responding to a question that is not important to your video. Follow this link to view an example of talking hands: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nuhMnMBrvD0
- 17. Interview Workshop WITNESS invites you to use, remix and share this curriculum. All materials are under Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial ShareAlike 3.0 License. You can also find more video advocacy training materials at www.witness.org.
Editor's Notes
- Materials Needed for Exercise Projector with Speakers One complete camera package for every three people. One complete camera package for demonstration Reference Sheet 3.07- Interview Tip-sheet Worksheet 3.07 Interview Exercise Worksheet Time: 1 hr 50 min
- Learn as much as you can about the person before the interview and plan a general outline of questions. Use your prepared questions as a guide but feel free to explore new lines of questioning. Find a location with good lighting and sound to conduct your interview. If possible choose a location that has some relevance to the issue that will be dealt with in the video. Having to speak about a trauma can retrigger the painful memories and feelings. The interviewee should never be pressured to speak if he/she is unwilling to do so. Conduct the interview in a secure location and protect anonymity when requested.
- Establish rapport with the interviewee. Take the time to explain your project and the interview process. Provide the opportunity for the interviewee to ask any questions. Make sure there are no distracting noises in the background. Unplug any machines that may vibrate or hum in the background. Ask for those nearby to remain silent. Don’t feel rushed. Make sure your happy with the shot you composed before you start recording. Before any interview begins ALWAYS record consent.
- Reference Consent Handout*** Provide Context on Camera Record the names of the interviewer/camera operator. Provide a detailed description of the event, including the date and location. Record Consent on Camera Introduce yourself and your organization. Explain your project, the issues being discussed, where the video will possibly be screened and to whom. Sample questions: Would you please state your full name and spell your full name for the record? Do you understand what we are doing? Please, in your own words, explain. Do you consent to your interview being included in this project and used in public video screenings, the Internet and in print? Do you know who may see the final video? Are there any restrictions to using the information you provide us with or video itself that we need to be aware of? Are you aware that you can stop the interview at anytime? *** Do not record names if there are security concerns
- Remember that you are aiming to get your interviewee to give full and complete answers that you can use to tell your story. Avoid questions that will elicit short answers.
- Open questions like “Tell me about…?” are good for getting more complete answers. The more details a interviewee can provide the more useful the interview will be. Examples: Can you tell me about what happened to you on the night of the protest? Please explain what happened when the police arrived?
- In most interviews the interviewer will remain out of view. During an edit your questions will be removed from the video as it would appear strange to hear the voice of a person who is not visible. Therefore it is important to have your interviewee place the questions in their answers. Explain to your interviewee how to incorporate your questions into their answers. For example: Question—How long have you worked at this center? Answer—Five years. This will be hard to edit. Instead you should ask your interviewee to say: Question—How long have you worked at this center? Answer—I have worked at this centre for over five years.
- For editing purposes its ideal to have space before and after an answer. Instruct interviewees to give a short pause before responding to a question and likewise allow space before asking your next question. Never talk over your interviewee. Always keep silent during the interview. Interviewers who continually give encouraging sounds to their interviewee like, “Aha” or “I see” make it harder to edit the material. Be careful not to interrupt and disrupt their flow of conversation. Do not be afraid to stop the interview if you are experiencing technical problems or if there is distracting noise in the background. Ask your interviewee to repeat an answer if it unclear. Always ask your interviewee at the end if there is anything else that they would like to say, and that you haven’t addressed.
- Lighting is often better outdoors but you may experience background noise or wind distortion. Its important that ambient sound is as consistent as possible throughout an interview. It is easier to control background noise while filming indoors but you may not always have enough light. While filming indoors prepare the room to make it as bright as possible. It is best to use a tripod to record your interview and always wear headphones. Use a lavaliere microphone to achieve the best possible audio. Make sure that the microphone is not obstructed by any clothing and will not be disturbed by any possible movement of your interviewee.
- Reference participant handouts as a guide for this exercise.