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1. Madani Period

2.  Islamic state in Madina emerged needing:
Administrative structure,laws,justice,family laws.
 Aggressive efforts at Dawah and attack on the
false ideologies.
 Settlement of the migrants in Madina with their
financial support but also their Islamic education
and moral training.
 Prepare for Jihad and armed resistance against
the enemies of Islam.

3.  Treaties with Jews.
 Hypocrites in Madina.
 Change of Qibla.
 Warning for pagans that their trade route to
Syria could be blocked.
 Abdullah bin Hajash led an ambush upon a
Pagan’s caravan.Omar bin Hadarmi died.This
happened without the Prophet’s approval.

4.  A big trade caravan of pagans was en route from
Syria to Mecca.
 Abu Sufyan sent a man to Mecca to get help
 He announced in Mecca that Muslims attacked
the caravan.
 Most of the pagan leaders prepared for fight
 1000 men strong army prepared to march to
Madina.

5.  Decisive battle with impact on future
 Muhajiroon came with no assets
 Ansaars had no experience of battle.
 Tribes of Jews had hidden animosity
 Hypocrites and some pagans in Madina
 Muslims resources and numbers were
disproportionately less than pagans.

6.  He presented the situation before Sahaba
 He asked whether we should go after the trade
caravan or face pagan’s army
 Many opined to go after the caravan
 Prophet asked the question again
 Miqdad bin Amar ® from muhjiroon said we shall
go with you where Allah’s order is
 Saad bin Muaaz from ansaar supported

7.  Muslims  Pagans
.313 men . 1000 men including
.3 horses 100 leaders
.70 camels .Several horses,
.60 shields camels, swords and
. shields.

8.  Prophet’s dua before the battle.
 Difficult test for muhajiroon, stood against their
family members.
 Pagans were defeated.70 of their men killed
including leaders.70 became POW’s.
 Pagan’s left lot of valuables behind.

9.  Purpose of Qital is not bounties but making
Islam prevalent and to please Allah.
 Obedience of ameer is pivotal in Jamaah.
 Victory in Badar was due to Allah’s Help.
 Jihad is the ultimate test for a believer.
 Your money and families are a test.
 Sabar is the essence of any movement
 Desire to achieve the objectives should never
allow you to compromise the Islamic guidelines.

10.  Reasons
1-Defeat of pagans in Badar alarmed tribes
2-Pagans of Meccah wanted revenge.
3- Jews of Madina encouraged pagans to fight
 Pagans advance to Madina in Shawwal,3 Hijra
with 3000 men.
 Prophet consulted the sahaba.
 Prophet gathered army of 1000
people.Hypocrites withdrew 300 men.
 Enthusiasm of youth. Story of Rafe and Samra.

11.  Prophet placed his army in front of uhad
mountain.
 He appointed 50 archers led by Abdullah bin
Jubair to guard corridor in the mountain.
 Women in the pagan army sang and beat the
drums to encourage their fighters.
 In the beginning, Muslims defeated the pagan
army. Then they started gathering bounties.

12.  Most of the archers at the Uhad coridoor left to
get bounties except few.
 Khalid bin Walid, leader of one of pagan’s
fighting group attacked from the poorly guarded
Uhad coridoor.
 Muslims were now attacked from back and front.
 Muslim army was dispersed and many were on
the run.
 Rumor was spread that the Prophet was killed.
 Many lost their will to fight when got the rumor.

13.  Prophet was guarded by few sahaba.
 He was moved up to the mountain.
 When Muslims heard about Prophet’s safety,
they gathered again and fought.
 Pagans at that time left the battlefield.
 Latter, they thought of returning but did not.
 Prophet even chased them till Hamra ul Asad.

14.  Dependence on the Help of Allah.
 Love of material wealth was one reason for initial
defeat. Allah forbade Riba.
 Guaranty of success if you are believers.
 Islamic movement does not depend on
personalities.
 Fear of death is the root cause of cowardice.There
is appointed time of death.

15.  Uhad’s setback encouraged hostile tribes to
stand up against Muslims and fight.
 Jofeed tribe tried to attack in Muharram,4H.
 Lahyan tribe attacked same month.
 Safar,4H.70 learned sahaba were sent to the
Kallab tribe for teaching Islam & got killed.
 Two other tribes took 10 sahaba for teaching.7
were killed and 3 were imprisoned.Khabbab and
Zaid were sold in Mecca and latter killed.

16.  Reasons
1-Jewish leaders felt threat to their business.
2-Quran was openly criticizing Jew's behavior
3-Fear of living under Islamic rule.
 Banu Qanqa- exiled Shawwal, 2H for declaring war
against Muslims.
 Kaab bin Ashraf executed Rabil Awwal,3H by
Mohammd bin Muslima.
 Banu Nazeer.Broke treaties and conspired to kill
the Prophet. Exiled to Kheyber.

17.  Jews in Kheyber conspired and incited pagans to
bring a 10.000 army to Madina.
 Prophet consulted sahaba.Salman Farsi
suggested to dig a ditch on open part of city.
 8 Ziqad,5H digging started.10 yards of ditch was
assigned to 10 people.It was 5 yard deep.
 3000 people dug it in 20 days.

18.  Pagans attacked Madina from 3 sides.33:10
 Hard test of Iman.Hypocrites exposed.33:12
 Enemy kept blockade for one month.
 They threw stones and arrows.
 They tried to cross the ditch.
 With Allah’s sent windstorm, enemies fled.

19.  Trust in Allah’s Help.
 Test of Iman.
 Root cause of weakness- fear of loosing life and
property.
 Excellent example in the Prophet’s conduct.
 Banu Qureza’s punishment for breaking the
treaty.Blockade.Decision according to their book.
400 people killed, rest made POW.

20.  Zeqad, 6 H, Prophet announced intention to visit
Kaaba.1400 Muslims joined him.
 Prophet sent someone to find pagan’s plan.
 Pagans started gathering forces.
 Prophet continued travel and stopped at
Hudabeya.
 Prophet sent Osman to negotiate.

21.  News came that Osman has been killed.
 Bait Ridwan.Prophet gathered Muslims under a
tree and took a pledge that we shall fight till we die
or win.
 Peace Treaty. Pagan released Osman and sent
Suhail bin Amar for peace talks.
 A peace treaty was concluded and written.

22.  Muslims shall go back this year.
 They shall return next year and stay for 3days
 They shall not have any weapons except one
sword in the shield.
 They can’t take Muslims left in Mecca and shall
not stop any Muslim from coming back to Meccah.
 If someone goes to Madina, he shall be returned
but if someone returns to Mecca, shall not be
returned.

23.  Tribes shall have the choice to enter into treaty
with Muslims or pagans.
 This treaty shall be in effect for 10 years
--------------------------------------------------------
Abu Jandal’s matter.
Effects of Hudabeya.

24.  Roman Emperor. Wahya Kalbi
 Persian Emperor. Abdullah bin Huzafa Sahmi.
 Aziz Misr.(Egyptian Emperor) Hatib bin Abi Baltah
 Najjashi, King of Abysenia. Omar bin Umayyah.

25.  Attack on Khyber. Muharram, 7 Hijra.
 Laws and regulations for Society.
Suras Nisaa and Maida.
Family laws,rights of men and women,inheritance
law,prohibition of alcohol and gambling, law of
testimony,general moral instructions.
Prophet performed Umra in 7 Hijra.

26.  Violation of Hudabeya Treaty by pagans.
 Preparation to invade Mecca.10 Ramadan,8H.
 Abu Sufyan is arrested and released.
 Entry in Mecca.(Minimal fighting.)
 Peace declaration in Mecca.
 Entry in Kaaba.Removal of idols and pictures.
 Victory address by the Prophet.
 General amnesty.

27.  Hawazan and Saqeef tribes prepared for war
 Prophet took 12000 men and weapons to fight in
Hunain (between Mecca and Taif)
 Some Muslims said who could defeat us.
 Initially, Muslims faced severe arrow attack
 Latter, they gathered around the Prophet and
fought well defeating the enemy.
 Surah Tauba, 9:25,26.

28.  Conflict with Roman empire already started in
battle of Mota (Jamadi ula, 8 H).Sharjeel the
ruler of Basra brought army of 100,000 which
fought against 3000 Muslims.
 Farwa bin Amar Jizami, a Roman commander
became Muslim.Latter, he was killed by the
emperor.
 Many tribes under Roman rule accepted Islam.

29.  Cesar prepared to gather his forces on Syrian
border to punish Muslims.
 Prophet decided to go forward and stop this build
up.
 Sacrifices of Muslims and excuses by hypocrites.
 Prophet left Madina with 30,000 army
 Cesar ordered his forces to retreat.

30.  Dealings with hypocrites.
Demolition of Masjid Zirar
Not to accept their donations
No family or friendly relations with them.
Prophet should not attend their funeral.
 Disciplinary action against 3 sahabas.
 Clear political policy of the State.(Haj,9 H)

31.  All methods of Jahileya are under my feet.
 No Arab has superiority over non Arab.You are
children of Adam and he was created from clay.
 All muslims are brothers.
 Feed and clothe your slaves same what you eat or
wear.
 Killings and Riba of Jahileya are cancelled.

32.  Fear Allah in the matter of women.
 Your blood and your money is forbidden for
each other.
 If you hold fast to the book of Allah, you will not
be misguided.
 He asked,”Have I passed to you Allah’s
message?” Everyone answered,”Yes”.
 He said,”Now, you must pass on this message
to those who are not here.”

33.  Safar,18, 11 H, he became sick.
 He appointed Abu Bakr to lead the salaat.
 When he was feeling a little better,he came to the
masjid and gave last Khutbah.
 Rabiul Awwal, 12, 11 H, he passed to Rafiq Ala.
 May Allah’s blessings be upon him.