Domestic and international cooperation in the field of contaminated-site management has increased dramatically in the past decade. The expected benefits of this cooperation include the reduction of duplication in remediation efforts, the coordination of contaminated-site research, improved synergy between various stakeholders, enhanced policy development, and better information dissemination and technology transfer. This article identifies and briefly discusses key domestic and international collaborations, partnerships, and networks relating to contaminated-site management and remediation. Also provided is information on how the forums can be accessed. Common themes identified across the forums discussed in this article include (1) the development and demonstration of innovative technologies, (2) the use of risk assessment, (3) the use of toxicology, bioavailability, and ecotoxicity testing, and (4) the increasing need to find holistic approaches for managing contaminated sites, such as guaranteed remediation programs and transfer of environment liability, and the need for understanding implications of remediation financing mechanisms.

1. MANAGING CONTAMINATED SITES AND THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL FORUMS
REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001 103
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Turlough F. Guerin
© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Domestic and international cooperation in the field of contaminated-site
management has increased dramatically in the past decade. The expected
benefits of this cooperation include the reduction of duplication in
remediation efforts, the coordination of contaminated-site research, im-
proved synergy between various stakeholders, enhanced policy develop-
ment, and better information dissemination and technology transfer. This
article identifies and briefly discusses key domestic and international
collaborations, partnerships, and networks relating to contaminated-site
management and remediation. Also provided is information on how the
forums can be accessed. Common themes identified across the forums
discussed in this article include (1) the development and demonstration of
innovative technologies, (2) the use of risk assessment, (3) the use of
toxicology, bioavailability, and ecotoxicity testing, and (4) the increasing
need to find holistic approaches for managing contaminated sites, such as
guaranteed remediation programs and transfer of environment liability,
and the need for understanding implications of remediation financing
mechanisms. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
INTRODUCTION
Environmental forums that focus on critical issues associated with
contaminated-site management have led to effective and productive
cooperation in the remediation field. Environmental forums are a key
resource for researching, developing, addressing, and transferring new
information that is focused on current remediation issues and trends.
Because the remediation industry has become so large, environmental
professionals often have to wade through a vast amount of material that
is often irrelevant. In addition, the accuracy, reliability, and value of
material are unknown, especially when using the Internet. Contaminated-
site remediation forums can be helpful in that they provide current industry
knowledge in a meaningful and focused way.
Cooperation and the use of forums to exchange information between
countries and organizations have increased in recent years (Guerin, 2000).
This is evident at the global, national, regulatory, and industrial levels and
is a result of the culmination of numerous forces, including increased
Turlough F. Guerin is a
senior project manager
(environment) at Shell
Engineering’s New South
Wales State office. He
can be contacted at 61-
0417 124 453 or via e-
mail at turlough.guerin
@shell.com.au.
Managing Contaminated Sites
and the Role of Domestic and
International Forums

2. 104 REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001
TURLOUGH F. GUERIN
awareness of pollution and the realization that environmental contamina-
tion can span geographic and sociopolitical boundaries. The following
remediation collaborations discussed in this article cut across industries,
functions, and disciplines (Guerin, 2001). They enhance exchanges,
communications, and cooperative activity between organizations working
in the field of contaminated soil and groundwater remediation (Bardos,
2000; Guerin, 2001). They also provide a cross-section of the major
activities and initiatives occurring in the contaminated-site arena at a global
level. Such collaborations provide an excellent opportunity to exchange
resources and experiences to remediate contaminated sites more effec-
tively than otherwise might be possible by individual organizations on their
own. While many of the forums have stemmed from and are based on
conference meetings, they provide key sources of information and
knowledge to environmental professionals in the remediation field.
FOCUS AND SCOPE
This article identifies and briefly discusses key domestic and interna-
tional forums that can be used by environmental professionals to access
current and reliable information in the remediation field. It highlights the
purpose and key activities of each forum, and includes contact information
(Internet addresses). The forums discussed in this article were selected
because they focus on important aspects of contaminated-site manage-
ment, risk assessment, and remediation. This discussion is primarily a
directory of a variety of forums relevant to contaminated-site management.
It excludes discussions of policies or factors leading to the formation of
these forums. Furthermore, it does not attempt to cover forums (if in
existence) from South America, Mexico, the Middle East, Africa, India, or
across Asia generally, nor does it cover all Canadian forums.
FORUMS BASED IN THE UNITED STATES
The United States has taken a leadership role in technology transfer and
development with respect to diversity, amount of information transferred,
and the development of new remediation technologies. In the United
States, there is a continuing demand for the development of technologies
that clean up contaminated sites more efficiently and effectively. Further,
there is substantial government and industry funding to promote technol-
ogy development and there are prescriptive regulations. These forums are
discussed below in terms of remediation technology and risk-based
corrective action.
Remediation Technology
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides a central
location for numerous collaborations and networks. The enactment of
legislation such as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compen-
sation, Liability and Recovery Act and the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act has been a major driving force for remediation since the early
Such collaborations
provide an excellent
opportunity to
exchange resources
and experiences to
remediate
contaminated sites
more effectively than
otherwise might be
possible . . .
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3. MANAGING CONTAMINATED SITES AND THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL FORUMS
REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001 105
1980s. The EPA’s Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER)
created the Technology Innovation Office (TIO) in 1990 to act as an
advocate for new remediation technologies. TIO’s mission is to increase
the application of innovative treatment and field analytical characterization
technologies at contaminated sites. Within the EPA, TIO works with other
federal offices and partners in the private sector to:
• Effect policy change
• Assist with technology demonstrations
• Analyze trends in technology development and use
• Identify the supply of technologies and vendors to the marketplace
• Chart the future demand for technologies
• Track cost and performance
• Improve the diffusion of technology-related information
One of the most important remediation programs currently coordi-
nated by TIO is the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE)
Program. This program was established by OSWER and the Office of
Research and Development (ORD) in response to the 1986 Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act, which recognized a need for an
“Alternative or Innovative Treatment Technology Research and Demon-
stration Program.” The SITE Program is administered by ORD National Risk
Management Research Laboratory, headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio. The
SITE Demonstration Program encourages the development and implemen-
tation of innovative treatment technologies for hazardous waste site
remediation. Under the SITE Demonstration Program, a technology is field-
tested at a hazardous waste site. Engineering and cost data are gathered
on the innovative technology so those potential users can assess the
technology’s applicability to a particular site. Data collected during the field
demonstration are used to assess the performance of the technology, the
potential need for pre- and post-processing of the waste, applicable types
of wastes and waste matrices, potential operating problems, and approxi-
mate capital and operating costs. At the conclusion of a SITE demonstra-
tion, EPA prepares an Innovative Technology Evaluation Report, Technol-
ogy Capsule, and Demonstration Bulletin. These reports evaluate all
available information on the technology and analyze its overall applicabil-
ity to other site characteristics, waste types, and waste matrices. Testing
procedures, performance and cost data, and quality assurance are also
presented.
EPA REACH IT, a program also sponsored by TIO, is a relatively new
system that allows environmental professionals to use the Internet to
search,view,download,andprintinformationaboutinnovativeremediation
and characterization technologies. EPA REACH IT provides information on
more than 750 service providers that offer approximately 1,300 remediation
technologies and more than 150 characterization technologies. It combines
information from three established EPA databases to provide users with
easy access to comprehensive information about treatment and character-
ization technologies and their applications. These databases include the
One of the most
important
remediation programs
currently coordinated
by TIO is the
Superfund Innovative
Technology
Evaluation (SITE)
Program.
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4. 106 REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001
TURLOUGH F. GUERIN
VendorInformationSystemforInnovativeTreatmentTechnologies(VISITT),
the Vendor Field Analytical and Characterization Technologies System
(Vendor FACTS), and the Innovative Treatment Technologies (ITT)
database. EPA REACHIT also combines remediation information submitted
by technology service providers with information from the EPA, the
Department of Defense (DOD), the Department of Energy (DOE), and
state project managers. Together, these sources provide up-to-date infor-
mation, not only about technologies that can be used to characterize or
remediate a site, but also about sites at which the technologies are being
deployed and the vendors that offer them. Abstracts, project summaries,
reports, and other areas relating to site remediation from the EPA are
available at www.clu-in.com.
The Remediation Technologies Development Forum
The Remediation Technologies Development Forum (RTDF) is affili-
ated with the EPA and encourages collaboration among companies, states,
and federal agencies by defining, prioritizing, and funding new remediation
technologies. At the earliest stage of technology development, the RTDF
seeks to combine financial and intellectual resources to promote the
research and coordination for solving common remediation problems. The
forum is composed primarily of the EPA, the DOD, and the DOE, but also
includes other federal agencies, state regulators, technology evaluation
and verification entities, and potential end users of the technologies. The
purpose of RTDF is to identify what government and industry can do
together to develop and improve environmental technologies so that
mutual remediation problems are addressed in the safest, most cost-
effective manner. The RTDF fosters public and private sector partnerships
to undertake the research, development, demonstration, and evaluation
efforts needed to achieve common remediation goals. The following are
several action teams within the RTDF that focus on specific interest areas:
• Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents Consortium
• Permeable Reactive Barriers Action Team
• In-Place Inactivation and Natural Ecological Restoration Technolo-
gies (IINERT) Soil-Metals Action Team
• Phytoremediation of Organics Action Team
• Sediments Remediation Action Team
The work of the RTDF has already led to greater leverage of resources
for technology development and implementation and eliminated the
duplication of cleanup efforts by its member companies. Contact informa-
tion, collaborating organizations, and reports are provided online at
www.rtdf.org.
The Petroleum Environmental Research Forum
The Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (PERF) is a non-
profit research and development joint venture between the world’s
leading petroleum companies. It was formed to provide a stimulus to
The purpose of RTDF
is to identify what
government and
industry can do
together to develop
and improve
environmental
technologies so that
mutual remediation
problems are
addressed in the
safest, most cost-
effective manner.
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5. MANAGING CONTAMINATED SITES AND THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL FORUMS
REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001 107
and a forum for the collection, exchange, and analysis of research
information relating to the petroleum industry. Members of the organi-
zation consist of corporations engaged in the petroleum industry that
recognize the importance of a clean, healthy environment and are
committed to support cooperative research and development. PERF
does not itself participate in research projects, but provides a forum for
members to collect, exchange, and analyze research information. In
addition, PERF provides a mechanism to conduct and establish joint
research projects. The information from these projects is based on
applied practical and theoretical science and technology. Many U.S.
companies, in addition to some Canadian-based companies, have
participated in research projects. Contact information, collaborating
organizations, projects, and reports are provided online at
www.perf.org.
The Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable
The Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable (FRTR) is an
interagency working group that seeks to build a more collaborative
atmosphere among federal agencies involved in hazardous waste site
remediation. The Roundtable aims to identify and publicize more
efficient, cost-effective solutions to the challenges faced by the federal
government when cleaning up hazardous waste. To date, the focus of
this group has been on the exchange of information related to the use
and development of innovative hazardous waste characterization,
monitoring, and treatment technologies. Technology information is
mostly exchanged during meetings organized to provide federal
agencies with the opportunity to share technical knowledge and to
develop a more comprehensive record of performance and cost.
Contact information, projects, and reports are provided online at
www.frtr.gov.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Committee on the
Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS) provides a forum for the
evaluation of demonstrated and emerging technologies for the treat-
ment of contaminated soil and groundwater. Though not strictly based
in the United States, there is strong participation from the EPA. The
NATO/CCMS forum has been through several phases and is currently
in Phase 3. Under this program, more than 50 different technologies
have been demonstrated. They are selected by members of the
committee based on their relevance to the forum’s goals. Each pilot
country is responsible for developing, conducting, and disseminating
the results of a pilot study. Upon completion of a study, a summary
report is submitted to the committee members and then forwarded to
the North Atlantic Council. A technical report is also published by the
pilot group and made available online. Contact information, collaborat-
ing organizations, pilot studies, and reports are provided online at
www.nato.int/ccms.
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The Federal
Remediation
Technologies
Roundtable (FRTR) is
an interagency
working group that
seeks to build a more
collaborative
atmosphere among
federal agencies . . .

6. 108 REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001
TURLOUGH F. GUERIN
The Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation
The Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation
(CRESP) is a university-based organization that was created to develop a
credible strategy for providing the information needed to conduct risk-
based cleanups. Specifically, it was created to assist with the cleanup of
complex contaminated environments, especially those for which the DOE
is responsible. Several U.S. universities are involved in this forum. CRESP,
though not a decision maker at DOE sites, has three fundamental
commitments: (1) to draw upon stakeholders throughout its work for the
refinement of priorities and evaluation of technical data; (2) to include
consideration of social, cultural, and economic values with human health
and ecosystem impacts in a risk-based decision process at each site; and
(3) to work actively with other organizations that have skills and
capabilities that can contribute to the improved definition, understanding,
and reduction of these risks. CRESP recognizes that the management of
radioactive, chemical, and physical hazards and the restoration of damage
at DOE sites is an ongoing effort. Thus, CRESP’s work focuses on the
current hazards, long-term impacts, and the importance of expeditious
decision-making and good timing in implementing restorative action.
CRESP also undertakes innovative research projects on various scientific,
technical, occupational, and behavioral aspects of risk-based environmen-
tal management. Contact information, studies, and reports are available
online at www.cresp.org.
The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program
The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program
(SERDP) is a DOD environmental research and development (R&D)
program. It is planned and executed in full partnership with the DOE and
the EPA, with participation by numerous other federal and nonfederal
organizations. Within its broad areas of interest, the program focuses on
cleanup, compliance, conservation, and pollution prevention (P2) tech-
nologies. The goals of SERDP’s environmental research include
• Accelerating cost-effective cleanup of contaminated DOD sites
• Facilitating full compliance with environmental laws and regulations
• Enhancing training, testing, and operational readiness through
conservation measures
• Reducing defense industrial waste streams through aggressive P2
Contact information, research projects, and reports are available online
at www.serdp.org.
The Groundwater Remediation Technologies Analysis Center
TheGroundwaterRemediationTechnologiesAnalysisCenter(GWRTAC)
was established in 1995. Concurrent Technologies Corporation (CTC)
operates the center in association with the University of Pittsburgh’s
Environmental Engineering Program, under a cooperative agreement with
the EPA/TIO. GWRTAC is a specialized, national environmental-technol-
The Strategic
Environmental
Research and
Development Program
(SERDP) is a DOD
environmental
research and
development (R&D)
program.
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7. MANAGING CONTAMINATED SITES AND THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL FORUMS
REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001 109
ogy-transfer center that provides current information concerning innova-
tive groundwater remediation technologies. The intent of GWRTAC is to
offer a wide range of information on the state of development of all
emerging groundwater remediation activities through its Internet site, a
searchable case-study database, pertinent technical documents, e-mails to
member subscribers, and a toll-free assistance line. The case-study
database is an important mechanisms for providing state-of-the-art ground-
water technology information because it provides the means for GWRTAC
to prepare status reports on individual technologies and contaminants, or
to directly provide GWRTAC customers with information on technology
deployment.
GWRTACfocusesoninnovativein-situgroundwaterandsoilremediation
technologies, as compared to the pump-and-treat approach for remediating
groundwater or soil excavation and groundwater treatment. Many of the
remedial activities summarized within GWRTAC are in-situ technologies
that require groundwater extraction. However, some information on
methods to enhance pump-and-treat systems is also available. GWRTAC
includes remediation technologies that, through design and/or applica-
tion, improve groundwater quality and are integral to groundwater
cleanup. The following is a list of technologies that are currently included
in GWRTAC’s technical documents:
• In-Situ Physical/Chemical Treatment
• Air Sparging
• Hydraulic and Pneumatic Fracturing
• Groundwater Recirculation Wells
• In-Situ Flushing
• In-Situ Stabilization/Solidification
• Permeable Reactive Barriers
• Thermal Enhancements
• Biological Treatment
• Bioslurping
• Intrinsic Bioremediation
• Monitored Natural Attenuation
• Phytoremediation
• Electrokinetics
Technical documents and contact information are available at
www.gwrtac.org.
Environmental Security Technology Certification Program
The Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP)
is a corporate DOD program that promotes innovative, cost-effective
environmental technologies through demonstration and validation at DOD
sites. The mission of ESTCP is to demonstrate and validate promising
innovative environmental technologies that target the DOD’s most urgent
environmental problems and are projected to pay back the investment
within five years through cost savings and improved efficiencies. ESTCP
GWRTAC focuses on
innovative in-situ
groundwater and soil
remediation
technologies, as
compared to the
pump-and-treat
approach for
remediating
groundwater or soil
excavation and
groundwater
treatment.
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8. 110 REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001
TURLOUGH F. GUERIN
demonstrations are conducted under operational field conditions at DOD
facilities. The technology to be demonstrated is expected to have com-
pleted laboratory testing successfully and, when applicable, initial small-
scale field-testing as well. Only limited development work is supported
under ESTCP. Demonstrations are intended to generate cost and perfor-
mance data for acceptance or validation of the technology. The goal is to
transition mature environmental science and technology projects through
the demonstration/validation phase, enabling promising technologies to
receive regulatory and end-user acceptance, and to be fielded and
commercialized more rapidly. To achieve this goal, ESTCP projects create
a partnership between technology developers, DOD users, independent
validators, and the regulatory community.
ESTCP demonstrations must meet the following requirements:
• Address real DOD environmental needs.
• Significantly reduce costs and risks and expedite implementation.
• Document and validate the cost and performance of new technolo-
gies for DOD end-users and the regulatory community.
ESTCP’s strategy is to select laboratory-proven technologies with broad
DOD and market application. These projects are aggressively moved to the
field for rigorous trials to document cost, performance, and market potential.
These technologies provide a return on investment through cost savings and
improved efficiency. Successful demonstration leads to acceptance of
innovative technologies by DOD end-users and the regulatory community.
To ensure that approved technologies meet DOD environmental
challenges, the ESCTP selection process includes the following steps:
• DOD environmental requirements are specified.
• ESTCP requests proposals.
• Rigorous and expert scientific reviews are made.
• ESTCP projects are selected in cleanup, compliance, pollution
prevention, and unexploded ordnances.
• Technologies are demonstrated and evaluated at DOD sites, in an
operational setting.
• Cost,costavoidance,andperformancedataareverifiedandvalidated.
• Effective and affordable technologies are transferred across the DOD.
• Regulatory approval and end-user acceptance are facilitated.
Information on ESTCP can be found at www.estcp.com.
Risk-Based Corrective Action
In the past, many countries required cleanup based on fixed
numerical criteria that were established using generic assumptions of site
conditions such as soil type, depth to groundwater, geology and
hydrogeology, and proximity to potential receptors (e.g., water well,
basement, and surface water body). Such an approach ignores the fact
that contaminated sites vary widely in terms of complexity, and the
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ESTCP’s strategy is to
select laboratory-
proven technologies
with broad DOD and
market application.

9. MANAGING CONTAMINATED SITES AND THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL FORUMS
REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001 111
potential risk they may pose to either human health or the environment.
As fixed numerical criteria are usually always set at very low levels to
ensure safety, their use has led to more stringent cleanups than may be
necessary. The result has led to a waste of industry resources (and
ultimately adds to the consumer’s expense) and to conducting cleanups
with no incremental reduction in risk to human health and the environ-
ment. As a consequence, the principles of risk-based corrective action
(RBCA) have been applied in a number of countries, including those in
North America, where it has been developed principally by the American
Society for Testing Materials (ASTM). The ASTM has developed guide-
lines for a flexible approach to decision making whereby corrective
action is appropriately tailored to site-specific conditions and hazards.
This leads to more cost-effective solutions, and allows the greatest effort
to be applied where it is most beneficial.
The Partnership in RBCA Implementation, or PIRI, is a voluntary
public/private partnership. The goals of PIRI are to (1) increase awareness
of the benefits of RBCA, (2) encourage the expedited adoption of RBCA
by states, and (3) help provide states with the technical RBCA training they
need to effectively implement RBCA programs for leaking underground
storage tanks (USTs). PIRI was founded in March 1996. PIRI members
include the EPA, the ASTM, state regulators, and industry representatives
(persons representing concerns, such as petroleum companies, that own
a large number of underground storage tanks). Membership in PIRI is open
to any owner of a large number of USTs or any organization representing
a group of stakeholders (a stakeholder is any party that is interested in or
affected by the RBCA process). PIRI meets approximately four times per
year. Two funds support the PIRI training/outreach component: a coop-
erative agreement and a private sector account. EPA established the
cooperative agreement with ASTM to provide RBCA training to state and
tribal UST programs. Industry established the private sector account to
provide funds to ASTM. Information and documents on risk-based
cleanups are available at www.astm.org or by contacting PIRI at
www.epa.gov/OUST/rbdm/partners.htm.
The Association for the Environmental Health of Soils (AEHS) also
provides comprehensive documentation on managing hydrocarbon-con-
taminated sites, particularly in relation to RBCA. In addition, AEHS published
and hosts the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) Criteria Working Group
publications. These documents are now being used widely by remediation
practitioners in industry and are available at www.aehs.com/publica-
tions/catalog/contents/tph.htm. In addition, the Massachusetts Depart-
ment of Environmental Protection also has various publications describing
screening values (levels) for risk-based hydrocarbon contaminated soil and
water. Publications are available at www.state.ma.us/dep.
FORUMS BASED IN CANADA
One of the key remediation forums in Canada is the Contaminated Sites
ManagementWorkingGroup(CSMWG).Thisisaninterdepartmentalcommit-
tee established to develop a common federal approach to, and exchange
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Membership in PIRI is
open to any owner of a
large number of USTs
or any organization
representing a group
of stakeholders . . .

10. 112 REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001
TURLOUGH F. GUERIN
information on, the management of contaminated sites under federal custody.
The CSMWG was established in 1995 as a direct response to the need for an
efficient and consistent approach to the management of federal contaminated
sites. Co-chaired by Environment Canada and the Department of National
Defense, it currently comprises 15 federal departments and agencies, which
shares the costs of its activities. The objectives of the CSMWG are to promote
and develop a consistent approach for the management of federal contami-
nated sites. The forum aims to integrate sustainable P2 principles while
meeting environmental regulations, protecting public health, and establishing
a forum for the discussion of various existing remediation technologies,
guidelines,andpolicies.Informationonthisforumisavailableatwww.ec.gc.ca/
etad/csmwg/index_e.html.
FORUMS BASED IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Network for Industrially Contaminated Land in Europe
The Network for Industrially Contaminated Land in Europe (NICOLE)
is an organization established for the stimulation, dissemination and
exchange of knowledge about all aspects of industrially contaminated
land. Its members are from industrial companies (problem holders),
service providers/technology developers, universities and independent
research organizations (problem solvers), and governmental organizations
(policy makers). The network started in February 1996 as a concerted
action under the 4th Framework Program of the European Community.
NICOLE aims to identify the research needs from an industry perspective,
particularly in the European Union (EU) (Kasamas et al., 1998a; Bardos,
2000; Cortesi et al., 2001). Since February 1999, member fees have financed
NICOLE.Contactinformationandreportsareavailableatwww.nicole.org.
Concerted Action on Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites in
the European Union
The Concerted Action on Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites in the
European Union (CARACAS) is an initiative within the Environment and
Climate Program of the European Commission Directorate General (DG)
XII (Kasamas et al., 1998b). The key areas addressed under the CARACAS
program include
• The nature of contaminated-land site characterization
• Bioavailability of contaminants in soil and groundwater
• Fitness for use and human health risks
• Ecological risk assessment
• Risk perception and communication
• Remediation technologies and monitoring remediation
NICOLE’s focus is primarily on industrial sites still in use or owned by
industry, whereas CARACAS has the broader perspective of working with
governments who have to make decisions within a national contaminated-
land policy and planning framework. Together the two concerted-action
NICOLE’s focus is
primarily on
industrial sites still in
use or owned by
industry, whereas
CARACAS has the
broader perspective of
working with
governments.
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11. MANAGING CONTAMINATED SITES AND THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL FORUMS
REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001 113
networks identified very similar areas, which would benefit from further
research and development initiatives. Reports and contact information for
this forum can be found at www.caracas.at.
Contaminated Land Rehabilitation Network for Environmental
Technologies
Another concerted action that was established in 1998 through the
CARACAS project is the Contaminated Land Rehabilitation Network for
Environmental Technologies (CLARINET). The primary objective of CLARI-
NET is to develop technical recommendations based on current scientific
knowledge to enable sound decision making for the rehabilitation of
contaminated sites. CLARINET aims to bring together the combined knowl-
edge of academics, government experts, consultants, industrial landowners,
and technology developers. Three particular aspects of contaminated-land
rehabilitation are examined within this project: (1) risk assessment, (2)
remedial technologies, and (3) decision support issues, including economic,
societal, and political dimensions. CLARINET aims to elaborate the scientific
basis underlying the rational management of contaminated sites. A detailed
discussion of CLARINET’s activities are described elsewhere (Bardos, 2000).
Contact information is available at www.clarinet.at.
The Common Forum
The Common Forum in the EU is an informal group formed to promote
cooperation among the EU member states, the European Commission, and
the European Environment Agency on contaminated land issues (Kasamas
et al., 1998a). The main objectives of the Common Forum, which were
identified in its first (1994) workshop, are as follows:
• To facilitate the understanding of each member state’s approach to
tackling the problem of contaminated land
• ToidentifywiththeEuropeanCommissionthematicareasoftransnational
interest where an EU-wide cooperation would be beneficial
• To establish a common forum with delegates from EU member states
to discuss the results of the DG XI study surveys of EU member states
on contaminated land and to develop recommendations to identify
an EU-wide cooperation in the area of contaminated sites
In this forum, member countries are able to raise issues pertinent to
contaminated-land management. This is commonly done at the Common
Forum meetings. The topics raised reflect the main concerns in contami-
nated-site management and are identified below:
• Financing of remediation activities
• Lessons learned from the management of remediation projects
• Monitoring,control,andaftercareofcontaminatedandremediatedsites
Limited information is available on the CLARINET home page at
www.clarinet.at.
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CLARINET aims to
bring together the
combined knowledge
of academics,
government experts,
consultants,
industrial
landowners, and
technology developers.

12. 114 REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001
TURLOUGH F. GUERIN
The Center for Exploitation of Science and Technology
The Center for Exploitation of Science and Technology (CEST) is a
nonprofit organization that is registered as a charity in England and
operates for the benefit of its members and for the public. CEST has
approximately 30 members, drawn from
• Industrial manufacturing and service sector corporates
• Research and academic institutions
• Government bodies and agencies
The CEST mission is to identify new business opportunities for science
and technology and to link key decision makers in industry, research, and
government together to help them identify the best options for contami-
nated-land management and remediation and to profit through collabora-
tive action. CEST is based in London and has been operating successfully
under this collaborative advantage banner for over ten years. The
organization works to instigate collaborative programs and sponsor
independent research, in areas where science and technology have the
capacity to make substantial impacts on the economy and in society.
Contact information and documents are available at www.cest.org.uk.
Contaminated Land Applications in Real Environments
Contaminated Land Applications in Real Environments (CLAIRE) is a
public/private partnership involving the following stakeholders:
• Government policy makers
• Regulators
• Industry
• Research organizations
• Technology developers
The establishment of CLAIRE was initiated by CEST because it was found
that the options available for contaminated-land remediation were limited by
the lack of proven alternative treatment technologies. Where new technolo-
gies were developed, their progress (and subsequent adoption by owners of
contaminated lands) was often constrained by the absence of an appropriate
framework for testing and validation. CLAIRE’s goal is to provide a link
between United Kingdom organizations focused on remediation, by cata-
lyzing the development of cost-effective methods of investigating and
remediating contaminated-land in a sustainable way. In essence, CLAIRE
providesavehicleforthepracticaldemonstrationofcost-effectiveremediation
technologiestocontaminatedsites.Theresultsofthedemonstrationsaremade
available to contaminated-land owners who utilize this information to identify
the cleanup options available to them, reduce the technical risks, and provide
realistic cost estimates for full-scale remediation.
Specifically, the objectives of CLAIRE are to:
• Establish a network of characterized contaminated sites through-
out the United Kingdom
The CEST mission is
to identify new
business opportunities
for science and
technology and to link
key decision makers in
industry, research,
and government
together to help them
identify the best
options for
contaminated-land
management and
remediation . . .
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13. MANAGING CONTAMINATED SITES AND THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL FORUMS
REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001 115
• Demonstrate the application of remediation technologies that may
offer improved site investigation techniques, monitoring, or reme-
dial solutions
• Develop a strategy for remediation technology research in the
United Kingdom
• Disseminate information from research and technology demon-
strations on contaminated land
• Prepare and provide educational materials related to contaminated
land for school children and the general public
• Procure funding to support remediation activities
The ultimate goal of CLAIRE is to assist in bringing contaminated
land back into beneficial use through the development of both
technical solutions and a better understanding of the problems.
CLAIRE aims to establish and coordinate a national network of field
test sites for the demonstration of remediation technologies. It also
provides a brokerage service between those seeking solutions to
contaminated-land problems, the research community, and providers
of treatment technologies. It is being designed to complement existing
public and private sector collaborative programs in contaminated-
land remediation and management. Industry is typically involved
either as a provider of test areas (contaminated sites) or through
research into, or demonstration of, remediation technology. CLAIRE
is envisaged as providing an umbrella across a number of collabora-
tive initiatives, providing consistency and cohesiveness, which should
greatly improve the prospects for and perception of the work. It is a
relatively new (mid-1990s) public-private forum, with a consortium of
United Kingdom statutory agencies and major industrial companies
supporting it. Additional information on this initiative can be obtained
by contacting www.claire.co.uk.
Scotland and Northern Ireland Forum for Environmental Research
The Scotland and Northern Ireland Forum for Environmental Research
(SNIFFER) was established in 1989 as a consortium to direct and manage
research funded by contractual subscription. The consortium proved
successful in establishing a business-oriented program of joint research
and in building collaborative links with other organizations. In 1994,
SNIFFER was re-formed as a company limited by guarantee with charitable
status. SNIFFER’s objectives include:
• Protection, conservation, and amelioration for the public benefit of
the natural environment
• Promotion of scientific research in areas of water, waste, air, and
the environment, and the subsequent dissemination of the results
obtained
• Advancement of education for the public benefit and, in
particular, the advancement of education in ecological and
environmental studies
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The ultimate goal of
CLAIRE is to assist in
bringing
contaminated land
back into beneficial
use through the
development of both
technical solutions
and a better
understanding of the
problems.

14. 116 REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001
TURLOUGH F. GUERIN
Contact information and reports are available by contacting
www.sniffer.org.uk.
Ad Hoc International Working Group on Contaminated Land
The Ad Hoc International Working Group on Contaminated Land was
established in 1993 and includes representatives from several governments
and environmental agencies, particularly those in the EU. The forum is
open to all countries and the topics covered are typically policy issues in
contaminated-land management, risk assessment, third-party financing,
registration of contaminated sites, and technology selection (Kasamas et
al., 1998). Limited information, including a contact e-mail, is available on
the CLARINET home page at www.clarinet.at.
Sensors for Monitoring Water Pollution from Contaminated
Land, Landfills, and Sediments
Sensors for Monitoring Water Pollution from Contaminated Land,
Landfills, and Sediments (SENSPOL) aims to enhance the development of
sensors for practical applications in the abatement of water pollution.
SENSPOL commenced in August 2000, and its role is to guide and
accelerate technological development of chemical sensors, biosensors,
and biomimetic systems to monitor environmental pollutants. The work is
based on a series of EU meetings, a centralized information facility, and a
broad collaboration program. The program goals include:
• Development of low-cost, durable chemical sensors, biosensors,
and biomimetic systems for routine application in environmental
monitoring
• Development of integrated sensor systems capable of measuring
several parameters simultaneously
• Development of biosensors and biomimetic systems capable of
measuring new parameters of relevance to the environment
• Assessment of the toxicological risks of complex mixes of pollutants
• In-situ monitoring of environmental pollutants to provide early
warning of environmental problems and to facilitate optimization
of remediation technologies and natural attenuation processes
• Extending the range of situations where biosensors and biomimetic
systems may be applied to monitor the environment under extreme
conditions
The work program is described in detail at www.cranfield.ac.uk/
biotech/senspol.htm.
The Contaminated Land Assessment and Remediation Research
Center
The Contaminated Land Assessment and Remediation Research
Center (CLARRC) was founded in June 1998 by the University of
Edinburgh, Napier University, and the Scottish Universities Research
and Reactor Center, with seed funding from the Scottish Higher
Sensors for
Monitoring Water
Pollution from
Contaminated Land,
Landfills, and
Sediments (SENSPOL)
aims to enhance the
development of
sensors for practical
applications in the
abatement of water
pollution.
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15. MANAGING CONTAMINATED SITES AND THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL FORUMS
REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001 117
Education Funding Council. CLARRC’s overall goal is to develop
strategies and techniques for safely assessing and treating contaminated
sites to a standard consistent with its beneficial use. CLARRC operates
as a “virtual center” with a core staff based at the King Buildings campus
of Edinburgh University. Other academic participants are drawn from
the three founding institutions and also from the British Geological
Survey. It was formed to bring together representatives of the contami-
nated-land industry, regulatory bodies, consultants, and researchers
with considerable expertise in the spectrum of disciplines relevant to
contaminated land. This network can be contacted at
www.clarrc.ed.ac.uk.
Conservation and Clean Air and Water in Europe
Conservation and Clean Air and Water in Europe (CONCAWE) is the
oil industry’s European organization for environment, health, and safety.
CONCAWE has developed, for Europe, similar risk-assessment techniques
to those developed by ASTM. Details of contacts, collaborating organiza-
tions, projects, and selected reports are provided online at
www.concawe.be.
Countermeasures: Environmental and Socio-Economic
Responses
The Countermeasures: Environmental and Socio-Economic Responses
(CESER) program was established to specifically address the safety and
environmental health effects relating to the operation (or malfunction) of
nuclear reactors and contaminated land. CESER recognizes that long-
term contamination of agricultural land from nuclear activities may
require measures such as deep ploughing, application of special fertiliz-
ers, changes in the feeding of livestock, or changes in land use. The
overall objective of this program is to pursue an approach to nuclear
safety, which encompasses all its facets, ranging from the utilization of
nuclear energy to medical applications and other uses of radioactive
materials. Research and technology development activities currently
underway relate to the following topics:
• Exploring new concepts in reactor safety and the management and
disposal of long-lived radionuclides
• Acquiring a better understanding of the mechanisms of severe
accidents, in order to improve safety measures and prevention
• Safely decommissioning nuclear plants in order to close the nuclear
fuel cycle
• Improving the understanding of the mechanisms of radiation action
• How to address historical liabilities
Contact information and reports are available at www.stir.ac.uk.
The Soil and Groundwater Technology Association
The Soil and Groundwater Technology Association (SAGTA) is a
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The Countermeasures:
Environmental and
Socio-Economic
Responses (CESER)
program was
established to
specifically address
the safety and
environmental health
effects relating to the
operation (or
malfunction) of
nuclear reactors and
contaminated land.

16. 118 REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001
TURLOUGH F. GUERIN
nonprofit organization with members drawn from leading members of
United Kingdom industry. Formed in 1995, its members are actively
addressing technical issues associated with the management of land that
is potentially contaminated. The primary aim of SAGTA is to share
knowledge and experience on the technical aspects of cleaning up
contaminated land in order to stimulate and accelerate the development
of the most cost-effective technologies and methodologies. SAGTA’s
activities include:
• Assessing and promoting awareness of emerging remediation
methodologies and technologies
• Providing a forum for members to share knowledge by a combi-
nation of structured meetings, seminars, and workshops
• Establishing networks for the dissemination of information
• Proposing and commissioning desk studies, technology audits,
and research projects
• Reviewing research programs in the United Kingdom
Since its formation, SAGTA has held a regular series of meetings and
associated workshops. The workshop topics include:
• Risk Assessment
• Research and Development into New Technologies
• Site Investigations
• Management and Redevelopment of Contaminated Land
• Laboratory Analysis of Soils
• In-Situ Bioremediation
• Sampling Strategies
• In-Situ and Ex-Situ Inorganic Remediation
• Model Procedures for the Management of Contaminated Land
• Risk Communication
• Cost-Benefit Analysis of Remediation
• Remote Sensing
• Field Analytical Methods
• Management of Liabilities
• Organics in a Risk Framework
• Site-Specific Risk Assessment
Corporate membership subscription enables member organizations,
via their representatives, to actively participate and contribute to the
meetings and workshops. SAGTA has also been proactive in responding,
when invited, to many aspects of proposed technical policy in the United
Kingdom. Membership is subject to the agreement of existing members
with regard to the following guidelines:
• Members should be involved in actively addressing land manage-
ment issues within their own property holdings.
• Members should have a primary interest as technology users in the
The primary aim of
SAGTA is to share
knowledge and
experience on the
technical aspects of
cleaning up
contaminated land in
order to stimulate and
accelerate the
development of the
most cost-effective
technologies and
methodologies.
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17. MANAGING CONTAMINATED SITES AND THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL FORUMS
REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001 119
context of dealing with their own property holdings.
• Direct or indirect business interests in technology licensing held by
any member are declared to SAGTA.
SAGTA’s annual corporate membership fee is currently £2,300
(approximately U.S. $3,400). This provides access to SAGTA’s work-
shops and updates on relevant matters via a network of nominated
representatives. Among its current members are Shell Global Solutions,
ICI, and BP Amoco. Contact details can be obtained from their Web
page at www.sagta.org.uk.
exSite
exSite is a registered charity and an environmental organization
based in the United Kingdom. Its members include Lattice Property,
Shell, Welsh Development Agency, Parkman Environment, Shanks
Waste Solutions, and the United Kingdom Environment Agency. These
members are focused on the recovery and reuse of brownfields.
Therefore, exSite focuses its activities based on three primary goals:
• Restoration of brownfield sites through minimization of reliance on
landfill disposal
• Rehabilitation of such sites via reduction, reuse, or recovery of
waste materials
• Undertaking cross-sector work (e.g., market characterizations,
strategic planning, economics and risk management)
To achieve these goals, exSite focuses on technologies and
approaches that enable the beneficial recycling of recovered materi-
als, promote the productive reuse of land as part of the brownfield
development process, and minimize reliance on landfills. exSite
provides opportunities for demonstrating innovative approaches,
processes, and technologies to promote brownfield reuse. The pro-
gram welcomes proposals that offer potential alternatives to estab-
lished practices. Such alternatives are focused on the promotion of
reducing landfill disposal volumes, reducing natural aggregate con-
sumption, and increasing the sustainable reclamation of land. exSite
offers financial assistance, partners with expertise, and plant and
labor resources to carry out site activities. exSite will provide full
funding for a project if it is focused exclusively on exSite’s objectives,
and joint funding if exSite’s objectives are matched to other sources
of funds. In addition, exSite will act as a co-funder where exSite’s
input is a component of a synergistic, large project.
This program is open to individuals and organizations offering
innovative ideas and interested in applying them in the field. It
represents an integrated and complete demonstration opportunity for
high-quality applied innovation. exSite exists to bridge the gap that is
evident between research innovation and commercial site practices.
Examples of successful project outputs include full-scale utilization of
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exSite provides
opportunities for
demonstrating
innovative approaches,
processes, and
technologies to
promote brownfield
reuse.

18. 120 REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001
TURLOUGH F. GUERIN
innovation in the commercial market and small project results that
inspire large project proposals. exSite welcomes approaches from
potential funding partners to create such projects. These partners can
be commercial enterprises, charities, environmental bodies, govern-
ment agencies, local authorities, and regional development agencies.
Contact information can be obtained from www.exSite.org.
Permeable Reactive Barriers Network
The Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRB) Network is a forum for
practitioners, academics, and industry professionals interested in the
development and application of permeable reactive barriers for the
treatment of contaminated groundwater. It is based in the United
Kingdom but has international sponsorship and membership. The
objectives of the forum are:
• To increase awareness among the industrial and scientific commu-
nity with regards to PRB technology, its use, and application
• To establish a communication framework for the exchange of ideas
and technology relating to PRBs
• To identify areas within PRB technology that require further
research and to facilitate knowledge transfer and collaborative
links to encourage this research
• To bring together an interdisciplinary group of people who are
interested in groundwater contamination and remediation
technologies
• To increase awareness among the general public about groundwa-
ter contamination and remediation technologies
• To advance the transfer of technology between academia and
industry
• To assist with the dissemination of information throughout the
scientific community
The PBR Network is a new forum that plans to conduct a series of
workshops on different aspects of PRB technology and host a confer-
ence on all aspects of PRBs in 2002. The focus of this forum is a Web
page, which is intended to serve as a communication tool, facilitating
the exchange of ideas and knowledge between interested groups.
Contact information for the forum can be found at www.prb-
net.qub.ac.uk.
FORUMS BASED IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION
Several forums have emerged in the contaminated-site remediation
field in the Asia-Pacific region. These forums address a wide range of
contaminants and issues related to site contamination and remediation.
The highly innovative, adaptive, and resourceful approach taken by
these forums, particularly in Australia, reflects the relatively
nonprescriptive nature of regulatory authorities in the region, and
also the limited funding available for contaminated-site management
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The Permeable
Reactive Barriers
(PRB) Network is a
forum for
practitioners,
academics, and
industry professionals
interested in the
development and
application of
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19. MANAGING CONTAMINATED SITES AND THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL FORUMS
REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001 121
(Guerin, 2000a). For example, a few key organizations and forums in
Australia include:
• The CSIRO Land and Water Division, which has been hosting an
international contaminated-sites forum in Australia since 1999.
• The Australian Contaminated Land Consultants Association
(ACLCA) is an organization comprised of environmental con-
sulting companies. It is focused on contaminated-site issues in
Australia with strong linkages to various environmental regu-
latory organizations.
• The Australian Oil Industry Environmental Working Group, has
developed guidelines for contaminated-site management in Aus-
tralia that complement state and federal government guidelines.
The Australian Oil Industry has developed a risk-based approach
to the management of contaminated sites and has been coordi-
nated by the Australian Institute of Petroleum. These guidelines are
increasingly being used across Australia for site risk assessments
where petroleum hydrocarbons are the main site contaminants
(i.e., chemicals of potential concern) and the guidelines are being
implemented by environmental consulting firms and the major oil
companies in Australia.
Because the forums in the Asia-Pacific region are still emerging, a
detailed discussion of each is not presented in this article. However,
information on a few select forums is presented in Exhibit 1 to provide
an overview.
.
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Environmental forums, partnerships, and networks focused on con-
taminated sites and remediation are emerging globally. The work that the
United States and international collaborations are focusing on provides
useful information on important issues encountered during contaminated-
site remediation. These issues include:
• The development and demonstration of innovative monitoring
technologies for contamination assessment and remediation
• The emergence of risk assessment and inclusion of risk communi-
cation to inform the public and not just regulators
• The increasing use of toxicology, bioavailability, and ecotoxicity
testing of contamination
• The increasing need to find holistic approaches to contaminated-
site management, such as guaranteed remediation programs,
transfer of environmental liability, and the need for understanding
implications of financing mechanisms
Future research could review the effectiveness of the forums
presented in the article and identify what the forums have found so far to
facilitate future efforts in managing and remediating contaminated sites.

20. 122 REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001
TURLOUGH F. GUERIN
Exhibit1.ExamplesofOrganizationsandCollaborationsinSiteContaminationandRemediationBasedinAustraliaandthe
Asia-PacificRegion(a)
OrganizationAbbreviatedMajorActivityOriginContactInformation
Name(a)
AustralianWaterAWAAustraliawww.awa.asn.au
Association
CRCforWasteCRCWMPCAustraliawww.crcwmpc.com.au
Management&
Pollution
Control
CSIROLandCLWAustraliawww.clw.csiro.au/
&Waterresearch/remediation
AustralianACLCAAustraliawww.ozemail.com.au/
Contaminated~aclcai
LandConsultants
AssociationInc.
TheAustralianWaterAssociationisaprofessionalmembership
organizationformedin1962topromotetheresponsiblemanage-
mentofwateranditsrelatedresources.TheAWAhasapproxi-
mately4,000members,includingorganizationsandindividuals.
TheAWAhasahazardouswastegroupandorganizesawaste
managementconventionevery2–3years,whichaddressessoil
contaminationandremediationissues.
Keyareasofactivityarewastewatertreatment,environmental
technologydevelopmentandtechnologytransfertoAsia-
Pacificcountries,andR&D.Itconductsresearchintoenviron-
mentalmonitoringforcontaminatedsites.
CLWrecentlyorganizedacontaminated-soilforumtodiscuss
contaminatedsites,particularlythoserelatedtoindustrialfacili-
ties.CLWisaproviderofscientificservicesthatspecializesin
researchonsoil,water,andatmosphericprocesses.
ThegoalofACLCAistoprovideaforumformembercompanies
todevelop,discuss,andrespondtoissuesthataffectthe
managementofcontaminatedlands.ACLCAestablishesand
maintainsastrongworkingrelationshipwithregulatoryauthori-
tiesandotherrelatedagenciesthathaveaninterestinthe
managementofcontaminatedlandsandencouragespublicand
privatesectorstoacceptanduseACLCAasthecontaminated-
landconsultantindustry’speakrepresentativegroup.Italso
promotesandencouragestheopenexchangeofinformation
betweenmembersandotherinterestedbodies,byproviding
informationtooutsidepartiesandpromotinganawarenessof
therequirementandavailabilityofprofessionalskillsinthearea
ofcontaminated-landmanagement.

21. MANAGING CONTAMINATED SITES AND THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL FORUMS
REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001 123
OrganizationAbbreviatedMajorActivityOriginContactInformation
Name(a)
AustralianCenterACMRRAustraliawww.acmer.com.au
forMinesite
Rehabilitation
Research
EnvironmentEIDNAustraliawww.eidn.com.au
Industry
Development
Network
NationalNEPCAustraliawww.nepc.gov.au
Environmental
ProtectionCouncil
ACMRRisanindustryinitiativetocarryoutenvironmental
researchandprovidetraininginenvironmentalmanagementfor
theminingindustry.
EIDNisanindustrydevelopmentinitiativethataimsto
strengthentheAustralianenvironmentmanagementindustry
andtomakeitmoreinnovativeandinternationallycompetitive.
EIDNisaninitiativeforlinking,collaborating,transferring
knowledgeandtechnology,andencouraginginnovation.
NEPCwasestablishedtosetnationalenvironmentalgoalsand
standardsforAustralia,throughNationalEnvironmentProtection
Measures.TheobjectiveoftheNEPCistoensurethatthepeople
ofAustraliaenjoythebenefitofequivalentprotectionfromair,
water,orsoilpollutionandfromnoise,wherevertheylive.The
NEPCsetssoilandgroundwaterinvestigationlevelsforhuman
healthandenvironmentalprotectionguidelinesforall
Australianjurisdictions.
Exhibit1.ExamplesofOrganizationsandCollaborationsinSiteContaminationandRemediationBasedinAustraliaandthe
Asia-PacificRegion(a)
(Continued)

22. 124 REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001
TURLOUGH F. GUERIN
OrganizationAbbreviatedMajorActivityOriginContactInformation
Name(a)
AustraliaandANZECCAustralia/www.environment.gov.au
NewZealandNew/psg/igu/anzecc/index.html
EnvironmentZealand
Conservation
Council
ResearchRIETSingaporewww.riet.org
Institutefor
Environmental
Technology
Geo-GEPCJapanwww.gepc.or.jp/
Environmentalenglish/eorg
Protection
Center
(a)
Individualsinvolvedinthesecollaborationscanbecontactedthroughtherespectivehomepages.
ThisisagovernmentinitiativebetweenAustraliaandNewZealand
thatiscomprisedofseveralcommitteesaddressinghazardous
wastemanagementissuesintheregion.ANZECCprovidesaforum
formembergovernmentstoexchangeinformationandexperience
anddevelopcoordinatedpoliciesinrelationtonationaland
internationalenvironmentandconservationissues.
ThemissionofRIETistoenhanceenvironmentalmanagement
andtechnologyawareness,understanding,andcapabilityin
Asia.Thegroupalsopromotesinternationalenvironmental
businesspartnershipsandtheenvironmentallycompatibleflow
oftradeandinvestmentwithAsia.Itwasestablishedin1993and
isregisteredinSingaporeasanonprofitorganization.
Thisforumwasestablishedtosolvesoilandgroundwatercontami-
nationissuesthroughqualityresearchimprovementsincounter-
measures,evaluationmethods,andmanagementtechnologies.
Thegoalistoensureappropriateevaluationsofactualconditions
atcontaminatedsitesinJapanandtoevaluatetheeffectsof
contaminationontheenvironment,aswellastoachieveefficient
remediationofcontaminatedsoilandgroundwater.GEPCimple-
mentsenvironmentalimpactassessments,countermeasuretech-
nologies,surveyandanalysistechniques,managementmethods,
andmeasuresfortheeffectiveuseofdecontaminatedsoil.GEPC
suppliestechnicalguidancetolocalgovernmentsandenterprises.
Exhibit1.ExamplesofOrganizationsandCollaborationsinSiteContaminationandRemediationBasedinAustraliaandthe
Asia-PacificRegion(a)
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23. MANAGING CONTAMINATED SITES AND THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL FORUMS
REMEDIATION/WINTER 2001 125
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Cortesi, P., Kasamas, H., and Lewis, A.J. (2001). European networks for sustainable
concepts and research needs—CLARINET and NICOLE. Land Contamination and Reclama-
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Guerin, T.F. (2000). Commercial activities in remediation of soil and sediments and trends
in the Asia Pacific region. Journal of Soils and Sediment, 1. Available: http://dx.doi.org/
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Guerin, T.F. (2001). Emergence of networks to enhance to international cooperation for
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Kasamas, H., Denner, J., Skovgard, I.-M., and Bardos, P. (1998a). International networks
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Kasamas, H., Franzius, V., and Ferguson, C. (1998b). Concerted action on risk assessment
for contaminated sites in the European Union—CARACAS. Contaminated Soil ’98 (London:
Thomas Telford), 1, 19–24.