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Technology-Mediated Social Participation Ben Shneiderman  ben@cs.umd.eduTwitter:  @benbendcFounding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction LabProfessor, Department of Computer ScienceMember, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies
  Interdisciplinary research community     - Computer Science & Info Studies     - Psych, Socio, Poli Sci & MITH           (www.cs.umd.edu/hcil)
Design Issues Input devices & strategies Keyboards, pointingdevices,voice Direct manipulation Menus, forms, commands Output devices & formats Screens, windows, color, sound Text, tables, graphics Instructions, messages, help Collaboration &Social Media Help, tutorials, training Search www.awl.com/DTUI Fifth Edition: 2010 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Goal Apply social media to transform society Reduce deaths, medical errors, obesity & smoking Promote energy conservation Prevent disasters & terrorism Increase community safety Improve education  Facilitate good government Resolve conflicts
Challenges Malicious attacks  Privacy violations Not trusted  Fails to be universal Unreliable when needed  Misuse by  Terrrorists & criminals Promoters of racial hatred  Political oppressers
Early Steps                Informal GatheringCollege Park, MD, April 2009 Article: Science March 2009 BEN SHNEIDERMAN http://iparticipate.wikispaces.com
NSF Workshops: Academics, Industry, Gov’t Jenny Preece (PI), Peter Pirolli & Ben Shneiderman (Co-PIs) www.tmsp.umd.edu
  IEEE Computer Special Issue:Technology Mediated Social Participation NSF Sponsored    Workshops Palo Alto, CA  December 2009 Washington, DC   April 2010
Cyberinfrastructure for Social Action on National Priorities - Scientific Foundations - Advancing Design of Social Participation Systems - Visions of What is Possible With Sharable    Socio-­technical Infrastructure - Social Participation in Health 2.0 - Educational Priorities for    Technology Mediated Social Participation - Engaging the Public in Open Government:    Social Media Technology and    Policy for Government Transparency
International Efforts Community Informatics Research Network intlsocialparticipation.net
Vision: Social Participation 1) Focus on National Priorities & Impact Disaster response, community safety Health, energy, education, e-government Environmental awareness, biodiversity 2) Develop Theories of Social Participation How do social media networks evolve?  How can participation be increased? 3) Provide Technology Infrastructure Scalable, reliable, universal, manageable Protect privacy, stop attacks, resolve conflicts
Vision: Social Participation 1) Focus on National Priorities & Impact Disaster response, community safety Health, energy, education, e-government Environmental awareness, biodiversity 2) Develop Theories of Social Participation How do social media networks evolve?  How can participation be increased? 3) Provide Technology Infrastructure Scalable, reliable, universal, manageable Protect privacy, stop attacks, resolve conflicts
911.gov: Internet & mobile devices Residents report information  Professionals disseminate instructions   Resident-to-Resident assistance  Professionals in control   while working with   empowered residents  Shneiderman & Preece, Science(Feb. 16, 2007) www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/911gov
Reporting: Earthquakes & Storms weather.kimt.com earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/dyfi
Reporting: Local incidents watchjeffersoncounty.net    nationofneighbors.net
Disaster Response: Wildfires
Recovery: Connected Giving www.katrinasangels.org
Community Safety: Abducted Children www.ncmec.org www.missingkids.com www.amberalert.gov
Health & Healthcare
Doctor-to-Doctor Networks
Energy Sustainability Energystar.gov                                                                  microsoft-hohm.com
Biodiversity: Encyclopedia of Life eol.org
Serve.gov: Voluntary service Register Your Project & Recruit Volunteers Find a Volunteer Opportunity Read Inspiring Stories of Service & Share Your Own Story
Open Data.gov  +  Recovery.gov
Open Data: DC, SF, NYC. . .
UN Millennium Development Goals To be achieved by 2015 ,[object Object]
 Achieve universal primary education
 Promote gender equality and empower women
 Reduce child mortality
 Improve maternal health
 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
 Ensure environmental sustainability
 Develop a global partnership for development,[object Object]
Network Theories: Evolution models Random, preferential attachment,… Monotonic, bursty,… Power law for degree (hubs & indexes) Small-world property Forest fire, spreading activation,… Matures, decays, fragments, …  Watts & Strogatz, Nature 1998;  Barabasi, Science 1999, 2009; Newman, Phys. Rev. Letters 2002 Kumar, Novak & Tomkins, KDD2006 Leskovec, Faloutsos & Kleinberg, TKDD2007
Network Theories: Social science Relationships & roles Strong & weak ties Motivations: egoism, altruism, collectivism, principlism Collective intelligence Collective action & governance Social information foraging Moreno, 1938; Granovetter, 1971; Burt, 1987; Ostrom, 1992; Wellman, 1993; Batson, Ahmad & Tseng, 2002;  Malone, Laubaucher & Dellarocas, 2009; Pirolli, 2009
Network Theories: Stages of participation Wikipedia, Discussion & Reporting Reader First-time Contributor  (Legitimate Peripheral Participation) Returning Contributor Frequent Contributor Preece, Nonnecke & Andrews, CHB2004 Forte & Bruckman, SIGGROUP2005; Hanson, 2008 Porter: Designing for the Social Web, 2008 Vassileva, 2002, 2005; Ling et al., JCMC 2005; Rashid et al., CHI2006
From Reader to Leader:Motivating Technology-Mediated Social Participation All Users Reader Contributor Collaborator Leader ` Preece & Shneiderman, AIS Trans. Human-Computer Interaction1 (1), 2009   aisel.aisnet.org/thci/vol1/iss1/5/
Motivating Readers
Motivating Contributors
Motivating Collaborators
Motivating Leaders
Vision: Social Participation 1) Focus on National Priorities & Impact Disaster response, community safety Health, energy, education, e-government Environmental awareness, biodiversity 2) Develop Theories of Social Participation How do social media networks evolve?  How can participation be increased? 3) Provide Technology Infrastructure Scalable, reliable, universal, manageable Protect privacy, stop attacks, resolve conflicts
Technology Infrastructure ,[object Object]
100% uptime, 100% secure
Giga-collabs, Tera-contribs
Universal accessibility & usability
Trust, empathy, responsibility, privacy
Leaders can manage usage
Designers can continuously improve ,[object Object]
SocialAction Integrates statistics   & visualization 4 case studies, 4-8 weeks   (journalist, bibliometrician, terrorist analyst,                organizational analyst) Identified desired features, gave strong positive feedback about benefits of integration www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/socialaction Perer & Shneiderman, CHI2008, IEEE CG&A 2009
NodeXL: Network Overview for Discovery & Exploration in Excel www.codeplex.com/nodexl casci.umd.edu/NodeXL_Teaching
NodeXL:Network Overview for Discovery & Exploration in Excel www.codeplex.com/nodexl
NodeXL: Homework projects (CS Grad https://wiki.cs.umd.edu/cmsc734_09/index.php?title=Homework_Number_3
NodeXL: Import Dialogs www.codeplex.com/nodexl
Tweets at #WIN09 Conference: 2 groups
WWW2010 Twitter Community
Kodak Twitter Community www.codeplex.com/nodexl/
Oil Spill Twitter Community www.codeplex.com/nodexl/
CHI2010 Twitter Community www.codeplex.com/nodexl/
Twitter discussion of #GOP Red: Republicans, anti-Obama,    mention Fox Blue: Democrats, pro-Obama,    mention CNN Green: non-affiliated Node size is number of followers Politico is major bridging group

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Ben Sheniderman, Technology-Mediated Social Computing

  • 1. Technology-Mediated Social Participation Ben Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.eduTwitter: @benbendcFounding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction LabProfessor, Department of Computer ScienceMember, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies
  • 2. Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Info Studies - Psych, Socio, Poli Sci & MITH (www.cs.umd.edu/hcil)
  • 3.
  • 4. Goal Apply social media to transform society Reduce deaths, medical errors, obesity & smoking Promote energy conservation Prevent disasters & terrorism Increase community safety Improve education Facilitate good government Resolve conflicts
  • 5. Challenges Malicious attacks Privacy violations Not trusted Fails to be universal Unreliable when needed Misuse by Terrrorists & criminals Promoters of racial hatred Political oppressers
  • 6. Early Steps Informal GatheringCollege Park, MD, April 2009 Article: Science March 2009 BEN SHNEIDERMAN http://iparticipate.wikispaces.com
  • 7. NSF Workshops: Academics, Industry, Gov’t Jenny Preece (PI), Peter Pirolli & Ben Shneiderman (Co-PIs) www.tmsp.umd.edu
  • 8. IEEE Computer Special Issue:Technology Mediated Social Participation NSF Sponsored Workshops Palo Alto, CA December 2009 Washington, DC April 2010
  • 9. Cyberinfrastructure for Social Action on National Priorities - Scientific Foundations - Advancing Design of Social Participation Systems - Visions of What is Possible With Sharable Socio-­technical Infrastructure - Social Participation in Health 2.0 - Educational Priorities for Technology Mediated Social Participation - Engaging the Public in Open Government: Social Media Technology and Policy for Government Transparency
  • 10. International Efforts Community Informatics Research Network intlsocialparticipation.net
  • 11. Vision: Social Participation 1) Focus on National Priorities & Impact Disaster response, community safety Health, energy, education, e-government Environmental awareness, biodiversity 2) Develop Theories of Social Participation How do social media networks evolve? How can participation be increased? 3) Provide Technology Infrastructure Scalable, reliable, universal, manageable Protect privacy, stop attacks, resolve conflicts
  • 12. Vision: Social Participation 1) Focus on National Priorities & Impact Disaster response, community safety Health, energy, education, e-government Environmental awareness, biodiversity 2) Develop Theories of Social Participation How do social media networks evolve? How can participation be increased? 3) Provide Technology Infrastructure Scalable, reliable, universal, manageable Protect privacy, stop attacks, resolve conflicts
  • 13. 911.gov: Internet & mobile devices Residents report information Professionals disseminate instructions Resident-to-Resident assistance Professionals in control while working with empowered residents Shneiderman & Preece, Science(Feb. 16, 2007) www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/911gov
  • 14. Reporting: Earthquakes & Storms weather.kimt.com earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/dyfi
  • 15. Reporting: Local incidents watchjeffersoncounty.net  nationofneighbors.net
  • 17. Recovery: Connected Giving www.katrinasangels.org
  • 18. Community Safety: Abducted Children www.ncmec.org www.missingkids.com www.amberalert.gov
  • 23. Serve.gov: Voluntary service Register Your Project & Recruit Volunteers Find a Volunteer Opportunity Read Inspiring Stories of Service & Share Your Own Story
  • 24. Open Data.gov + Recovery.gov
  • 25. Open Data: DC, SF, NYC. . .
  • 26.
  • 27. Achieve universal primary education
  • 28. Promote gender equality and empower women
  • 29. Reduce child mortality
  • 31. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
  • 32. Ensure environmental sustainability
  • 33.
  • 34. Network Theories: Evolution models Random, preferential attachment,… Monotonic, bursty,… Power law for degree (hubs & indexes) Small-world property Forest fire, spreading activation,… Matures, decays, fragments, … Watts & Strogatz, Nature 1998; Barabasi, Science 1999, 2009; Newman, Phys. Rev. Letters 2002 Kumar, Novak & Tomkins, KDD2006 Leskovec, Faloutsos & Kleinberg, TKDD2007
  • 35. Network Theories: Social science Relationships & roles Strong & weak ties Motivations: egoism, altruism, collectivism, principlism Collective intelligence Collective action & governance Social information foraging Moreno, 1938; Granovetter, 1971; Burt, 1987; Ostrom, 1992; Wellman, 1993; Batson, Ahmad & Tseng, 2002; Malone, Laubaucher & Dellarocas, 2009; Pirolli, 2009
  • 36. Network Theories: Stages of participation Wikipedia, Discussion & Reporting Reader First-time Contributor (Legitimate Peripheral Participation) Returning Contributor Frequent Contributor Preece, Nonnecke & Andrews, CHB2004 Forte & Bruckman, SIGGROUP2005; Hanson, 2008 Porter: Designing for the Social Web, 2008 Vassileva, 2002, 2005; Ling et al., JCMC 2005; Rashid et al., CHI2006
  • 37. From Reader to Leader:Motivating Technology-Mediated Social Participation All Users Reader Contributor Collaborator Leader ` Preece & Shneiderman, AIS Trans. Human-Computer Interaction1 (1), 2009 aisel.aisnet.org/thci/vol1/iss1/5/
  • 42. Vision: Social Participation 1) Focus on National Priorities & Impact Disaster response, community safety Health, energy, education, e-government Environmental awareness, biodiversity 2) Develop Theories of Social Participation How do social media networks evolve? How can participation be increased? 3) Provide Technology Infrastructure Scalable, reliable, universal, manageable Protect privacy, stop attacks, resolve conflicts
  • 43.
  • 49.
  • 50. SocialAction Integrates statistics & visualization 4 case studies, 4-8 weeks (journalist, bibliometrician, terrorist analyst, organizational analyst) Identified desired features, gave strong positive feedback about benefits of integration www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/socialaction Perer & Shneiderman, CHI2008, IEEE CG&A 2009
  • 51. NodeXL: Network Overview for Discovery & Exploration in Excel www.codeplex.com/nodexl casci.umd.edu/NodeXL_Teaching
  • 52. NodeXL:Network Overview for Discovery & Exploration in Excel www.codeplex.com/nodexl
  • 53. NodeXL: Homework projects (CS Grad https://wiki.cs.umd.edu/cmsc734_09/index.php?title=Homework_Number_3
  • 54. NodeXL: Import Dialogs www.codeplex.com/nodexl
  • 55. Tweets at #WIN09 Conference: 2 groups
  • 57. Kodak Twitter Community www.codeplex.com/nodexl/
  • 58. Oil Spill Twitter Community www.codeplex.com/nodexl/
  • 59. CHI2010 Twitter Community www.codeplex.com/nodexl/
  • 60. Twitter discussion of #GOP Red: Republicans, anti-Obama, mention Fox Blue: Democrats, pro-Obama, mention CNN Green: non-affiliated Node size is number of followers Politico is major bridging group
  • 62. Flickr clusters for “mouse” Computer Mickey Animal
  • 63. Flickr commenters on Marc Smith’s pix
  • 64. Figure 7.11. : Lobbying Coalition Network connecting organizations (vertices) that have jointly filed comments on US Federal Communications Commission policies (edges). Vertex Size represents number of filings and color represents Eigenvector Centrality (pink = higher). Darker edges connect organizations with many joint filings. Vertices were originally positioned using Fruchterman-Rheingold and hand-positioned to respect clusters identified by NodeXL’s Find Clusters algorithm.
  • 65. Analyzing Social Media Networks with NodeXL I. Getting Started with Analyzing Social Media Networks 1. Introduction to Social Media and Social Networks 2. Social media: New Technologies of Collaboration 3. Social Network AnalysisII. NodeXL Tutorial: Learning by Doing 4. Layout, Visual Design & Labeling 5. Calculating & Visualizing Network Metrics  6. Preparing Data & Filtering 7. Clustering &GroupingIII Social Media Network Analysis Case Studies 8. Email 9. Threaded Networks 10. Twitter 11. Facebook   12. WWW 13. Flickr 14. YouTube  15. Wiki Networks  http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/723354/description
  • 66. Social Media Research Foundation Social Media Research Foundation smrfoundation.org We are a group of researchers who want to create open tools, generate and host open data, and support open scholarship related to social media.   smrfoundation.org
  • 67. Strategy: Take Personal Initiatives Do great research!!!!  Inspirational Universities Add courses & degree programs Run workshops for funding agencies Help Federal & Local governments Industry Offer researchers access to data Develop infrastructure and analysis tools Government National Initiative for Social Participation Develop Federal & Local applications
  • 68. Strategy: Take Personal Initiatives Let’s get to work!
  • 69. NSF Science & Technology Center Academic Disciplines Computing: Algorithms Sociology: Theories iSchool: Evaluations HCI: Design Empirical Studies Big Data Analysis Technology-Mediated Social Participation Participation Theory Efficacy Metrics Visualization Tools Simulation Tools Applications Public safety Political Participation Biodiversity Citizen science Healthcare/Wellness Education Disaster response Validated Guidelines
  • 70. Strategy: Create Community Roadmap Identify ambitious research themes Set priorities for projects Develop consensus with colleagues Engage other disciplines Reach out to journalists Work with industry Communicate to policy makers Create courses & degree programs

Editor's Notes

  1. Todd Beamer – United 93
  2. five stages of emotional response: (1) denial, (2) bargaining, (3) anger, (4) despair, (5) acceptance. ...
  3. Chapter 3, Figure 1 (page 6). A NodeXL social media network diagram of relationships among Twitter users mentioning the hashtag “#WIN09” used by attendees of a conference on Network Science at NYU in September 2009. Each user’s node is sized proportional to the number of tweets they have ever made to that date.
  4. Figure 13.24. NodeXL network of Flickr users who comment on Marc_Smith’s photos (network depth 1.5; edge weight≥4).
  5. Chapter 3, Figure 1 (page 6). A NodeXL social media network diagram of relationships among Twitter users mentioning the hashtag “#WIN09” used by attendees of a conference on Network Science at NYU in September 2009. Each user’s node is sized proportional to the number of tweets they have ever made to that date.
  6. Figure 13.20. NodeXL cluster visualization showing three Flickr tag clusters, each representing a different context for “mouse”.Figure 13.21. NodeXL display of Isolated clusters for three different contexts for the “mouse” tag in Flickr: mouse animal, computer mouse, and Mickey Mouse Disney character.
  7. Figure 13.24. NodeXL network of Flickr users who comment on Marc_Smith’s photos (network depth 1.5; edge weight≥4).