This document discusses various chemicals used in the paper industry. It describes how chemicals can alter properties of paper like color, brightness, strength and water resistance. It then provides details on specific types of chemicals like starches, gelatines, asphalts, cellulosics, vinyls, acrylics and others. It explains how these chemicals are used for processes like pulping, bleaching, sizing, coating etc. to modify paper characteristics during manufacturing.

1. Paper
Chemicals
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
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Paper chemicals designate
a group of chemicals that
are used for paper
manufacturing, or modify
the properties of paper.
These chemicals can be
used to alter the paper in
many ways, including
changing its color and
brightness, or by increasing
its strength and resistance
to water.

2. Natural:
Starch and dextrin
These materials are derived from cereals or roots etc. The basic constituent is polysaccharide which on hydrolysis
yields long chain glucose units. Different versions can occur with the use of different food materials and with changes
in hydrolysis methods. The main use for these adhesives is the paper industry where they are used in multiwall bags,
corrugated paper etc. Dextrin which is dry roasted starch is used in remoistenable adhesives.
https://www.mexmycorp.com/
Starch has a similar chemical structure as
the cellulose fibre of the pulp, and the
surface of both the starch and fibre are
negatively charged
Cationic starches are widely used as wet end additives
in paper making. They provide ... ces the retention of most
ionic wet-end chemicals and governs many.

3. Natural:
Starch and dextrin …Continued
Exporter of Paper Industry - Oxidised Starch,
Cationic Starch, Paper Binder Starch ... Oxidised starch we
export is one of the most common modified starches in ...
of Application: Paper; Grade Standard: Chemical Grade.
Manufacturer of Paper Machine Chemicals - Spray
Starches offered by Papertex Speciality Chemicals
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4. Natural:
Gelatine (animal, fish, vegetable glues)
These are proteins which are derived from the
hydrolysis of either collagen or soya flour, or by
separating casein from skim milk. Animal glues
from bones and hides are used in gummed tape,
textiles and the paper industry such as book-
binding and case making. Caseirs from skim milk
are used mainly in wood to wood bonds. Soya
bean glues are used in paper backs.

5. Asphalt and Bitumin
These high fractions of
crude oil are more used
as sealers rather than
adhesives except in the
bonding of coarse
grade papers to
produce waterproof
building papers.
Oxidized bitumen 115/15 uses in the
chemical, fuel, paints, lacquers,
varnishes, paper-pulp-board, textile
processing, road construction,
pavement ,crack seal and repairmen,
civil works, roofing, construction
industries; sealing and insulating
buildings, adhesive, construction
materials additive, dust-binding,
coating, insulating and impregnating
agent, make rubber and plastic
products.

6. Semi-synthetic
Cellulosic- Cellulose is in the
structural elements of plants and is
a polymer made up of glucosidic
rings joined by oxygen. Ethers and
esters can be formed to give either
water soluble or solvent soluble
polymers. Available in forms like,
Cellulose nitrate - mainly as a clear
general purpose home handyman
adhesive. Cellulose acetate
butyrate - paper to paper and
plastic adhesives. Methyl cellulose
- leather paste to prevent shrinkage
as drying and wallpaper pastes.
Ethyl cellulose - low temperature
adhesives.
Cellulose Acetate
Butyrate (CAB) are mixed
cellulose esters
containing both acetate
and butyrate functional
groups. They are
commonly used as
binders and additives in
coatings applications for
a variety of substrates,
including plastics,
textiles, metal, and
wood.

7. Synthetic
• Vinyls – Its a range of vinyl products which is used
worldwide in paper industry. The number of vinyl
derivatives is very large and all have some specific
properties. Some members are produced either as
an emulsion or as a solvent soluble type. Polyvinyl
acetate - paper converting, wood. Polyvinyl alcohol
- paper applications.
• Acrylics – As same as vinyls but with few different
compositions are used in pressure sensitive
adhesives, and for flooring, paper lamination,
textiles, flocking adhesives etc.

8. Chemicals in Paper Industry - 1
Optical brightening agent - Optical brightener is used to make paper
appear more white.
Pigment - Pigments that absorb in the yellow and red part of the
visible spectrum can be added. As the dye absorbs light, the
brightness of the paper will decrease. To increase whiteness, a
combination of pigments and optical brightening agent are often
used. The most commonly used pigments are blue and violet dyes.
Retention agent – It is added to bind fillers to the paper. This retention
agent is a polymer with high cationic, positively charged groups. An
additional feature of retention means to accelerate the dewatering in
the wire section of the paper. Polyethyleneimine and polyacrylamide
are some of the chemicals used.

9. Chemicals in Paper Industry -2
Caustic soda - Caustic soda is added to increase the pH in the pulping process of
fibers. The higher pH of the paper fiber solution causes the fibers to smoothen and
swell, which helps in the grinding process of the fibers.
Sizing agent - Internal sizing of paper, most paper types must have some water-
resistance in order to have a specific writing quality and / or printability. Today
mainly AKD (alkyl ketene dimer) and ASA (alkenyl succinic anhydride) are used.
Wet strength additive - These additives ensure that when the paper becomes wet,
it retains its strength. This is especially important in a tissue paper. Typical
chemicals used are as epichlorohydrin, melamine, urea formaldehyde and
polyimines. These substances polymerize in the paper and result in construction
of a strengthening bond.
Dry strength additives – Also known as dry strengthening agents are chemicals
that improve paper strength of normal or not wet condition. Those strength
including compression strength, bursting strength, tensile breaking strength,
delamination resistance etc. Typical chemicals used are as cationic starch and
polyacrylamide (PAM) delivertives. These Dry strength additives act as binder of
fibers, often under aid of aluminum ion in paper sheet.

10. Paper Chemicals - continued
Cationic starch – It is used to enhance the paper strength, cationic starch is
added to wet pulp in the manufacturing process. Quaternary salts that are used
include 2.3-epoxy propyl trimethyl ammoniumchloride (EPTAC, also known as or
Glytac Quab) and (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride
(CHPTAC, also known as Quat 188).
Mineral Fillers - Usually found as China Clay, Calcium carbonate
Coating binders – Available as Styrene butadiene latex, Styrene acrylic, dextrin,
oxidized starch.
Pulping chemicals – Are used for the production of chemical pulp from wood
chips, following chemicals can be used: Caustic soda, Sodium sulfide for the
Kraft process, Sulfurous acid for the Sulfite process, Caustic soda,
Anthraquinone for the Soda pulping.
Bleaching chemicals - Sodium dithionite, Chlorine dioxide, Hydrogen peroxide,
Ozone

11. Silicate solutions of alkali metals which are
used in the paper and pulp industry
for uses like:
stabilizers for pulp bleaching;
additive for de-inking of recycled paper;
adhesive for the production of cardboard and
industrial paper board.

12. Questions?
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