The document summarizes air lift fermenters, which are impeller-free bioreactor systems that use pressurized air circulation to culture shear-sensitive cells. The fermenters have an inner riser region for upward air flow and an outer downcomer region for recirculating degassed media and cells. A density gradient between the two regions drives continuous liquid circulation without mechanical agitation. Key advantages are homogeneous gas/nutrient distribution without focal points of energy dissipation.

1. THE AIR LIFT FERMENTERS

6. Types of Gas separators in Internal loop ALRS

7. Types of Gas separators in External loop ALRs

8. TYPES OF ALRs….

9. Internal Loop reactor External Loop reactor

11. MODIFICATIONS OF ALRs…

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