4.  First European people to practice
democratic ideals.
 Trial by juries (501 people to avoid
bribery)
 No judges or lawyers
 Accusers would recommend penalties.

5.  Law of the Twelve Tables in 449 BCE
 Over time law became more complex
 Training of lawyers began
 529 CE – Code of Justinian

6.  Separate system passed down orally
 Iroquois Confederacy –
Gayanashagowa
 Became a reference for the UN and USA
 Self-rule in some areas of Canada

7.  Presumption of Innocence
 Trial by Ordeal
 11th Century William the Conquer
› Local authority to resolve disputes
 12th Century King Henry II
› Consistency and fairness
 King John and the Magna Carta
› Rule of Law

8.  French Civil Law
 Civil laws (private law) was organized
into codes arranged by topic
 Napoleonic Code or French Civil Code
 Precedence is less important

12.  Values and principles of Canadian law
 Body of laws which deal with
government powers and legal principles
 BNA Act, now the Constitution Act 1867
 Constitution Act 1982 and Charter
 Judicial Independence
 Ultra vires and intra vires

13.  Any law passed by the federal or
provincial governments
 Judges interpret the statues
› Mischief rule
› Internal aids
› External aids