Environmental issues affect all nations. While some countries still use fossil fuels, natural gas is more economically and environmentally friendly than petroleum or coal. This paper discusses environmental damage in Indonesia, its causes, efforts to prevent further harm, and sustainable development. Key causes of environmental degradation in Indonesia include deforestation, pollution, and natural disasters like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and hurricanes exacerbated by climate change. The government and communities are taking actions like reforestation, pollution control, and green energy to promote long-term environmental conservation and sustainable resource use.

1. CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Environmental issues is not a question of one country alone , but it is the responsibility of all
nations and countries . Therefore , efforts were made to prevent more damage to the
environment. As with the convening of the Earth Summit , Kiyoto Protocol , etc. . Even some
countries are still using fossil fuels , trying to reduce the greenhouse effect by using natural
gas fuel is economically very competitive when compared with the use of petroleum or coal .
Only actual natural gas also remains cause CO2 , but much less when compared to the use of
petroleum and coal .
Besides, it was also creates methane gas during the process of provision , which all can lead
to environmental damage . This paper will discuss the issue of environmental damage on
Earth , especially in Indonesia , following terhapap preventive efforts and sustainable
development efforts .
1.2 Problem Formulation
In this paper , the problem to be addressed are :
I. Definition of the Environment and Earth ?
II . What are the causes of environmental damage in Indonesia ?
III . What are the events - events that occur in the natural destruction in Indonesia?
IV . How do I overcome it ?
V. environmental conservation efforts in sustainable development ?
1.3 Objective Problems
In this paper , a paper that will be discussed aiming to :
I. The earth damage control efforts
II . So that people can find alternatives to conserve natural resources
III . For man is more loved Environment
IV . SDA avoid crisis in the near future
V. To ensure the achievement of efficient use of resources , effective , fair , and equitable .
VI . Optimize community participation
VII . Ensuring the relevance and consistency between planning , budgeting , implementation ,
and pngawasan

2. CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1 Definition of Environment
According to the results of google sense Environment / environment is a term that
encompasses all living and non-living beings in nature that exist on Earth or part of the Earth
, which works naturally without excessive human intervention .
2.2 Environmental Causes Damage in Indonesia
Indonesia has 10 percent of the world's tropical forests are still tersisa.Hutan Indonesia has 12
percent of the mammal species / mammals , the owner of 16 percent of the animal species of
reptiles and amphibians . 1,519 species of birds and 25 percent of the world's fish species .
Most of them are endemic ( found only in the area ) .
Area of native Indonesian natural forests shrink with alarming speed . Until now , Indonesia
has lost 72 percent of its original forest [ World Resource Institute , 1997 ] . Indonesian
Deforestation uncontrolled for decades causing shrinkage of tropical forests on a large scale .
Period 1985-1997 deforestation rate recorded 1.6 million hectares per year , whereas the
period 1997-2000 to 3.8 million hectares per year . This makes Indonesia is one of the places
with the highest deforestation rates in the world . In Indonesia, based on the interpretation of
Landsat imagery in 2000 there were 101.73 million hectares of forests and degraded land ,
including an area of 59.62 million hectares located in the forest area . [ Forestry Planning
Agency , 2003 ] .
With the decrease in forest cover of Indonesia, the majority of Indonesian region has become
an area that is prone to disasters , both droughts , floods and landslides . From 1998 until
mid-2003 , there have been 647 disasters in Indonesia, with 2022 casualties and the loss of
billions of dollars , of which 85 per cent of these disasters are floods and landslides caused by
deforestation [ National Coordinating Agency for Disaster Management , 2003 ] .
Disadvantages of formal rules governing the rights of public and private ownership led to the
use of fire as a weapon in land tenure conflicts . Fire is also used by small landholders to
clear land for growing crops and industry , by the migrants , by shifting cultivators and
hunters and fishermen . Deforestation and degradation of natural forests provide wood waste
flammable - terrestrial landscape and create more fire prone .

3. 2.3 Events Natural Damage in Indonesia
2 Occurs naturally include:
a) Earthquakes
An earthquake is the vibration of the earth's crust that can be caused by several things ,
including the activities of magma ( volcanic activity ) , absence of movements in the earth's
crust , either horizontal movement and upright movement that resulted in changes in the
shape that results in a new pattern called structure diastropik . ( bending , folding , faulting ,
and cracks ) , as well as the movement of the plates on the ocean floor . Humans can measure
how the intensity of earthquakes using seismographs , but the man is utterly unable to predict
when an earthquake .
Therefore , the danger posed by an earthquake more powerful than the volcanic eruption .
When the earthquake occurred a few events taking place as a result , directly or indirectly ,
including :
1 ) Various buildings collapsed .
2 ) Ground fissure in the earth's surface , the road to be broken .
3 ) Landslides due to shocks .
4 ) There was a flood , due to damage to the embankment .
5 ) An earthquake on the ocean floor can cause a tsunami ( tidal wave ) .
b ) volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions occur because of the activity of magma in the earth's crust which lead to
strong pressure out through the top of the volcano .
Dangers posed by volcanic eruptions such as:
1 ) It rained volcanic ash , causing respiratory problems .
2 ) Lava hot , destructive , and deadly anything passed .
3 ) Hot clouds , can turn off yangdilalui living things .
4 ) Gas containing toxins .
5 ) solid material ( rocks , gravel , sand ) , can override housing , etc.
c ) Hurricanes
Hurricanes occur due to air flow from areas of high pressure toward areas of low pressure .
This air pressure difference occurs because the air temperature differences are striking .
Typhoons for countries in the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic region is a common thing . For
regional areas in California , Texas , until in Asia such as Korea and Taiwan , the danger of a
catastrophic hurricane season. But for Indonesia only be felt in the middle of 2007 . This
suggests that climate change has occurred in Indonesia, which was caused by the

4. phenomenon of global warming . Dangers of hurricanes can be predicted through satellite
photos that illustrate the state of the Earth's atmosphere , including the formation of
hurricanes picture , direction , and speed. Attacks hurricanes ( cyclones ) can cause
environmental damage in the form of :
1 ) Knock down the buildings .
2 ) Damage to agricultural and plantation areas .
3 ) Endangers flight .
4 ) Creates large waves that can sink the ship .
3 Environmental Degradation due to Human Factors
a) The occurrence of pollution ( pollution of air , water , soil , and sound ) as the impact of
the industrial area .
b ) The occurrence of flooding , as a result of poor drainage or sewerage system and failure to
maintain watersheds and the impact of forest destruction .
c ) The occurrence of landslides , as a direct result of the destruction of forests .
Some human activities that may directly or indirectly have an impact on environmental
degradation , among others :
• Illegal Deforestation ( deforestation) .
• Poaching .
• Damaging mangroves .
• Hoarding swamps for settlement .
• Disposal of litter .
• Building wild watersheds ( DAS ) .
3.2 Efforts combating Environmental Damage
1 . Naturally produce oil
There is a process called themo - depolymerization , a process similar to how nature produces
oil . For example, if carbon -based libah heated and pressurized precise , capable of
producing oil material . Naturally this process takes millions of years . From the experiments
they had done before , impurities turkeys can produce about 600 pounds of petroleum .
2 . Removing salt from sea water
The UN noted , the water supply will be very limited for the billions of people in the middle
of this century . There is a technology called desalination , namely eliminating levels of salts
and minerals from sea water so drinkable . This is a solution that can be done to prevent
water crisis . The problem is , this technology is still too expensive and requires considerable
energy . Now scientists are looking for a way for desalination can take place with less energy

5. . One way is by evaporation on the water before it goes into the membrane with microscopic
pores .
3 . Hydrogen power
Hydrogen fuel is considered as a pollution-free alternative fuels . Energy is produced from a
blend of hydrogen and oxygen . The problem is how the hydrogen is produced . Molecules
such as water and alcohol should be processed first to mengekstaksi hydrogen that become
fuel cells . This process also requires large energy . But at least scientists have tried to make
laptops and other devices to power the fuel cell .
4 . solar
Solar energy reaches the earth is made up of photons , can be converted into electricity or
heat . Some companies are already successfully using this app . They put solar cells and solar
thermal energy collector as a medium .
5 . Converting Heat Sea
Media largest solar collector on Earth is sea water . United States Department of Energy (
U.S. ) calls , the sea can absorb solar heat energy produced is equivalent to 250 billion barrels
of oil / day . There is a technology called OTEC is capable of converting ocean thermal
energy into electricity . The temperature difference between the sea surface and is able to run
the turbine drives a generator . The problem is , this technology is less efficient .
6 . Tidal energy
Sea covers 70 % of the earth 's surface . Large wave of energy saving that can drive turbines
to produce electricity . The problem is rather difficult to estimate when the ocean waves large
enough to produce enough energy , the solution is to store some of the energy when the wave
is big enough . East River of New York City is currently a pilot project with six turbine -
powered water waves . While the Portuguese actually already been practicing these
technologies and successfully illuminates more than 1500 cheap .
7 . Planted roof house
Plants were planted on the roof of this house is able to absorb heat and reduce carbon dioxide
. Imagine if the birds and butterflies fly around our green house .
8 . bioremediation
Bioremediation is utilizing microbes and plants to clean up contamination . One is cleaning
the nitrate content in the water with the help of microbes . Or use the plants to neutralize
arsenic from the soil . Some native plants did have areas to clean up our earth of various
pollutants .

6. 9 . Vandal grave goods
Carbon dioxide is a factor utaa cause of global warming . Energy Information Administration
( EIA ) noted , the carbon dioxide emissions in 2030 at 8000 million metric tons . The
simplest method to reduce the content of harmful substances is to bury CO2 sources of
income such as a variety of hazardous electronic waste . But scientists are still not sure that
harmful gases are stored safely .
10 . Electronic Book
How many tons of paper and how many trees must be cut down to seanteo world if we have
to buy up all the newspapers , magazines , novels , textbooks , exercise books , writing paper
, toilet paper up . Electronic books or electronic mail , better known as e -books and e-mail
provide very significant contribution to survival . With the technology, the production of
paper can be reduced , so that the material we do not need to cut down too many trees .
3.3 Environmental Conservation Efforts In Sustainable Development .
The concept of sustainable development is the result of an agreement the Earth Summit in
Rio de Jeniro 1992 . It contains two important ideas , namely :
a) The idea of needs , especially basic human needs to sustain life .
b ) The idea of limitations , the limited ability of the environment to meet the needs of both
the present and the future .
The characteristics of Environmental Development are as follows :
a) To ensure equity and justice .
b ) Valuing biodiversity .
c ) Using an integrative approach .
d ) Using a long-term view .
1 ) Initiatives by Government
• Removing the Basic Agrarian Law No. . 5 of 1960 which regulates Land .
• Publishes Law. 4 In 1982 , on the Basic Provisions of Environmental Management .
• Impose Government Regulation No. . 24 In 1986 , on the EIA ( Environmental Impact
Assessment ) .
• In 1991 , the government established the Environmental Management Agency
2 ) Environmental Conservation Efforts by the Joint Community Government
• Conserving soil ( tableland slopes / hills )
The occurrence of landslides and floods shows events related to land issues . Flooding has
caused soil erosion by water flow layer called erosion that results in the loss of soil fertility

7. and soil erosion layer of the earth's surface .
• Preservation of air
a) Promote the planting of trees or ornamental plants around us
b ) Promote the reduction of exhaust emissions or combustion gases ,
c ) Reduce or even avoid the use of chemical gases that can damage the ozone layer in the
atmosphere
• Conservation of forest
a) Afforestation or reforestation bare .
b ) Prohibit deforestation arbitrarily .
c ) Implement a system of selective cutting in the cutting down of trees .
d ) Applying cutting - cropping system in logging activities .
e ) Implement severe sanctions for those who violate the regulations on forest management .
• Preservation of marine and coastal
The effort to preserve the ocean and the beach can be done by:
1 ) Perform reclamation to replant mangroves in the area around the beach .
2 ) Prohibit collection of existing rocks around the coast and on the seabed , because the reef
is a habitat for fish and marine plants .
3 ) Prohibit the use of explosives and other chemicals in fish.
4 ) Prohibit the use of trawling for fish.
• Preservation of flora and fauna
1 ) Establishing nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries .
2 ) Prohibit poaching activities .
3 ) Promote the greening activities .

8. CHAPTER III
CLOSING
3.1 Conclusion
Earth as a living sentient beings have a very important role for the survival , damage caused
especially earth is the result of natural phenomena that occur and also the result of human
activity itself .
Various efforts were made by the government and citizens should be encouraged to avoid
more severe consequences thereof .
3.2 Advice
So , it's good from now on we consider where we take shelter during our life in this world
that is Earth . The short length of this depends on the age of the earth we as GOD Almighty 's
creatures to care for , maintain , and do not damage the environment and natural surroundings
.

9. REFERENCES
Ministry of Environment . , 2002. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Nomor23 Year
1997 on Environmental Management . Jakarta : KMNLH
Ministry of Environment , 2002 , Pursue Sustainable Development Path
in Indonesia , Jakarta .
Central Bureau of Statistics , 2002 , Statistics Indonesia 2001 , Jakarta .
Banda Central Statistics 2002 , Environmental Statistics Indonesia 2001 , Jakarta .
Writers Society of Science and Technology and the Ministry for Research and
Technology , 2001 , coral reefs in Indonesia , May 2001
Indonesia 's official handbook , 2002, November , 2002
Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University and the Ministry of Environment , 2002 ,
Socialization Strategies Integrated Watershed Management in the Context of Autonomy
Bengawan Solo
Area , November 2002
News ISOI , No. . 16 , October-December 2002. Jalan Pasir Putih I / No. 1 , Ancol Timur,
Jakarta 14430 .

10. TABLE OF CONTENTS
WORD PENGANTAR..............................................................................................i
Sign up ISI........................................................................................................... ii
CHAPTER I PENDAHULUAN............................................................................... 1
1.1 Background .............................................. ........................................................ 1
1.2 Problem Formulation ............................................... ....................................... 1
1.3 Objectives and Benefits .............................................. ..................................... 1
CHAPTER II PEMBAHASAN................................................................................ 2
2.1 . Understanding Environment ............................................... ..................... ...... 2
2.2 Causes of environmental degradation ................................................................ 2
2.3 The nature of damage events in Indonesia ......................................................... 3
CHAPTER III PENUTUP...................................................................................... 8
A. Kesimpulan.......................................................................................................... 8
B. Saran.................................................................................................................... 8
REFERENCES ................................................ ...................................................... 9

11. INTRODUCTION
Praise and Gratitude I pray to God the Almighty , because of the blessings and abundance
rahmatnyalah then I must finish an essay in a timely manner .
Here the author presented a paper entitled
" ENVIRONMENT "
Through this preface first writer apologized and pleaded proclamation which the contents of
this paper when there is a shortage and there are posts that I make less precise or menyinggu
reader feeling .
I hereby dedicate this paper with gratitude and may God Almighty bless this paper so as to
provide benefits .
Raha , Maret 2014
" Author "

12. ENVIRONMENT
PAPERS
PREPARED BY :
NAME : SALMIN
CLASS : XII IPA 3
SMA 1 KONTUNAGA
2014