Chapter of english subject for class VIII student of CBSE BOARDS.

2. • The domestic dog is a subspecies of the
gray wolf, a member of the Canidae family
of the mammalian order Carnivore. The
term "domestic dog" is generally used for
both domesticated and feral varieties.

3. HISTORY OF DOGS AND
EVOLUTION
• Domestic dogs inherited complex behaviors from their wolf
ancestors, which would have been pack hunters with complex
body language. These sophisticated forms of social cognition
and communication may account for their trainability,
playfulness, and ability to fit into human households and
social situations, and these attributes have given dogs a
relationship with humans that has enabled them to become
one of the most successful species on the planet today.
• Although experts largely disagree over the details of dog
domestication, it is agreed that human interaction played a
significant role in shaping the subspecies. Domestication may
have occurred initially in separate areas, particularly Siberia
and Europe. Currently it is thought domestication of our
current lineage of dog occurred sometime as early as 15,000
years ago and arguably as late as 8500 years ago. Shortly
after the latest domestication, dogs became ubiquitous in
human populations, and spread throughout the world.

4. German shepherd
Alsastian
Berger Allemand
GSD
 Other names
 Traits
Weight : Male: 35–43 kilogram Female: 25–33 kilograms
Height : Male :60–65 centimetres Female :55–60 centimetres
 Life span: 9-13 years

5.  The German Shepherd , German pronunciation: is a breed of large-
sized dog that originated in Germany.German Shepherds are a relatively
new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899. As part of the herding
group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for
herding and guarding sheep. Because of their strength, intelligence and
abilities in obedience training they are often employed in police and
military roles around the world.German Shepherds currently account for
4.6% of all dogs registered with the American Kennel club.

6. King Shepherd
 Weight: Male: 41–68 kg Female: 34–50 kg
 Height: Male: 69–81 cm Female: 64–71 cm
 Life span: 10 - 11 years

7. The king shepherd is cross-bred dog developed in the 1990s by
blending German Shepherd with Alaskan Malamutes and Great Pyrenees
The build of this dog is slightly muscular, long, and robust; the structure is solid. The head
is in good proportion with the body and moderately wide between the eyes. The forehead
is slightly rounded. The cheeks are not too full and moderately curved when viewed from
the top. The thick, firm ears are medium sized and moderately wide at base. The eyes are
medium sized and almond shaped. The shades of the eyes can be varying shades of
brown ranging from golden brown to almost black. The chest is broad and deep. Thickly
feathered, the tail reaches at least to the hocks and is slightly curved. Docked tails are
inadmissible. Paws are round and short with a well closed arch. The pads are very hard.
The nails are short, long, and dark colored. Dewclaws are usually removed. The King
Shepherd comes with a wide range of colors: Sable, black saddle with tan, gold, cream,
and tan or silver markings. Pale washed out colors are serious faults. The undercoat is
little colored except in solid black dogs. White, blue, or liver colored dogs or a dog with a
nose that is not black are not accepted in the show ring. Puppies change color until their
final coat. There are two coat varieties - plush-haired and long-haired.

8. Tamaskan bear hound
 Nicknames :Tam, Tamaskan Husky
 Country of origin :Finland
 Weight: Male :29–43 kg Female:25–39 kg
 Height:Male 64–84 cm Female : 61–71 cm

9. The Tamaskan Dog is a crossbred dog of sleddog type, originating
from Finland, and unrecognized by any major dog fancier and
pedigree registry organizations. It is a highly versatile dog that can
excel in agility, obedience and working trials. It is also capable of
pulling sleds, which is inherited from its Siberian Husky and Alaskan
Malamute ancestors. Morphologically, Tamaskans have been bred to
look like wolves and have a notable lupine appearance. Although
there are a little over 400 registered Tamaskan Dogs worldwide,
increasing interest has resulted in their spread throughout continental
Europe, the UK and the USA, as well as Canada and Australia.

10. Scottish deerhound
The Scottish Deerhound resembles a rough-coated Greyhound. It is however,
larger in size and bone. Height of males from 30 to 32 inches (75-80cm) or more,
weight 85 to 110 pounds (40-50kg); height of females from 28 inches (70cm)
upwards, weight from 75 to 95 pounds (35-43kg). It is one of the tallest
sighthounds, with a harsh 3-4 inch long coat and mane, somewhat softer beard and
moustache, and softer hair on breast and belly. It has small, dark "rose" ears which
are soft and folded back against the head unless held semi-erect in excitement.
The harsh, wiry coat in modern dogs is only seen in self-coloured various shades of
gray (blue-gray is preferred). Historically, Deerhounds also could be seen with true
brindle, yellow, and red fawn coats, or combinations. 19th century Scottish
paintings tend to indicate these colours were associated with a wire haired coat,
but, with show breeders preferring a longer coat, these genes now appear to be
lost. A white chest and toes are allowed, and a slight white tip to the tail; a white
blaze on the head or a white collar are not accepted. The head is long, skull flat,
with little stop and a tapering muzzle. The eyes are dark, dark brown or hazel in
colour. The teeth should form a level, complete scissor bite. The long straight or
curved tail, well covered with hair, should almost reach the ground.