1. Transactional analysis<br />Transactional analysis is a theory of personality and a systematic psychotherapy for personal growth and personal change. It describes how people are structured psychologically. It uses what is perhaps its best known model, the ego-state (Parent-Adult-Child) model, to do this. This same model helps explain how people function and express their personality in their behaviour.<br />It was developed by Canadian-born US psychiatrist Eric Berne during the late 1950s.<br />It is a theory of communication that can be extended to the analysis of systems and organisations. It offers a theory for child development by explaining how our adult patterns of life originated in childhood.[1] This explanation is based on the idea of a quot;
Life (or Childhood) Scriptquot;
: the assumption that we continue to re-play childhood strategies, even when this results in pain or defeat. Thus it claims to offer a theory of psychopathology.<br />In practical application, it can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of many types of psychological disorders and provides a method of therapy for individuals, couples, families and groups.<br />Outside the therapeutic field, it has been used in education to help teachers remain in clear communication at an appropriate level, in counselling and consultancy, in management and communications training and by other bodies.<br />What is communication?<br />Communication: Transference of message from one person to other and many other persons with some purpose through verbal or non-verbal means.<br />Kinds of communication:<br /> 1. Social communication <br /> Focus is on relationships <br /> 2. Academic Communication <br /> Focus is learning<br /> 3. Cultural Communication <br /> Focus is on entertainment <br /> 4. Religious communication <br /> Focus is on getting peace <br /> 5. Business Communication <br /> Focus is getting desired outcome/business results.<br />Communication is the most important skill in almost any job. How one communicates achievements to others is reflection of your quality of work. Sure , one must know how to do the job to accomplish great results but that only a portion of the professional success .Good communication skills are required to report results to others , persuade colleagues to take action , and sell success in Management . (Don Zatyko)<br />Interpersonal communication can mean the ability to relate to people in written as well as verbal communication. This type of communication can occur in both a one-on-one and a group setting. This also means being able to handle different people in different situations, and making people feel at ease. <br /> What are Interpersonal Skills?<br />A set of behaviors which allow you to communicate effectively and unambiguously in a face-to- face setting. They can also be thought of as behaviors which assist progress towards achieving an objective. <br />Interpersonal relationship skills help us to relate in positive ways with our family members, colleagues and others. This may mean being able to make and keep friendly relationships as well as being able to end relationships constructively.<br /> Applicability of Interpersonal Skills<br />Analyzing the situation helps us to set realistic objectives.<br />Establishing objectives, in turn, provides the context in which to make choices about how best to behave.<br />By being conscious of our own behaviour in working towards the achievement of objectives we are more likely to influence other people’s behavior.<br />Constant monitoring will provide the feedback we need to make situation-dependent adjustments.<br />How is TA linked to Communication skills?<br />The signal (input) received by a person is processed by the unique processor in the mind, which processes the information based on available store of past learning's & experiences, and then accordingly it responds.<br />It is necessary for the individual to understand the specifications of the processor so that he/she knows his/her strengths and limitations. Such self-awareness helps in responding to situations with careful thought.<br />Three distinct part of personality called Ego states that are present in every individual. Individual exhibits one or the other ego state while communicating with others. <br />Ego states are known as:<br />Parent Ego state<br />Adult Ego state<br />Child Ego state <br />Parent: This is a set of feelings, thinking and behavior that we have copied from our parents and significant others. One gives judgment based on his experience /recordings<br />Adult: Uses information and data for decision making. Updates the information available from old experiences <br />Child: Uses the information / experience available in mind about what his father said or learnt in a school or from a society.<br />Parent ego state contains:<br />Thoughts, feelings, Beliefs, traditions being subjected to or copied from parents.<br />Should not , or should <br />Nurturing views :Care and concern, love , affection ( you are ok )<br />Critical views: Blame , criticism , firing ,Controlling others . (You are not ok).<br />Adult ego state contains:<br />Thoughts , feelings based on objective analysis and data <br />Makes decisions based on logic and analysis and reasoning and not emotions or traditions <br />(I am ok and you are ok).<br />Child ego state contains:<br />Thoughts feelings , attitudes based on child like emotions , impulses we have experienced <br />Examples <br />Happy , pleasure seeking<br />Angry , fearful<br />Rebellious and reacting <br />Curious <br />Eager to please and follow what is told.<br /> Transaction levels<br />Transactions between people are seen as having 3 levels:<br />Complementary – both people are operating from the same ego state<br />Crossed – the other person reacts from an unexpected ego state<br />Ulterior – two ego states within the same person but one disguises the other.<br />Complementary ‘Transactions’<br />Interactions, responses, actions regarded as appropriate and expected from another person are called complementary transactions.<br />It is shown by Parallel communication arrows and communication continues.<br /> <br /> Example 1:#1what time do you have?<br />#2I’ve got 11:15.<br />
![Transactional analysis<br />Transactional analysis is a theory of personality and a systematic psychotherapy for personal growth and personal change. It describes how people are structured psychologically. It uses what is perhaps its best known model, the ego-state (Parent-Adult-Child) model, to do this. This same model helps explain how people function and express their personality in their behaviour.<br />It was developed by Canadian-born US psychiatrist Eric Berne during the late 1950s.<br />It is a theory of communication that can be extended to the analysis of systems and organisations. It offers a theory for child development by explaining how our adult patterns of life originated in childhood.[1] This explanation is based on the idea of a quot;
Life (or Childhood) Scriptquot;
: the assumption that we continue to re-play childhood strategies, even when this results in pain or defeat. Thus it claims to offer a theory of psychopathology.<br />In practical application, it can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of many types of psychological disorders and provides a method of therapy for individuals, couples, families and groups.<br />Outside the therapeutic field, it has been used in education to help teachers remain in clear communication at an appropriate level, in counselling and consultancy, in management and communications training and by other bodies.<br />What is communication?<br />Communication: Transference of message from one person to other and many other persons with some purpose through verbal or non-verbal means.<br />Kinds of communication:<br /> 1. Social communication <br /> Focus is on relationships <br /> 2. Academic Communication <br /> Focus is learning<br /> 3. Cultural Communication <br /> Focus is on entertainment <br /> 4. Religious communication <br /> Focus is on getting peace <br /> 5. Business Communication <br /> Focus is getting desired outcome/business results.<br />Communication is the most important skill in almost any job. How one communicates achievements to others is reflection of your quality of work. Sure , one must know how to do the job to accomplish great results but that only a portion of the professional success .Good communication skills are required to report results to others , persuade colleagues to take action , and sell success in Management . (Don Zatyko)<br />Interpersonal communication can mean the ability to relate to people in written as well as verbal communication. This type of communication can occur in both a one-on-one and a group setting. This also means being able to handle different people in different situations, and making people feel at ease. <br /> What are Interpersonal Skills?<br />A set of behaviors which allow you to communicate effectively and unambiguously in a face-to- face setting. They can also be thought of as behaviors which assist progress towards achieving an objective. <br />Interpersonal relationship skills help us to relate in positive ways with our family members, colleagues and others. This may mean being able to make and keep friendly relationships as well as being able to end relationships constructively.<br /> Applicability of Interpersonal Skills<br />Analyzing the situation helps us to set realistic objectives.<br />Establishing objectives, in turn, provides the context in which to make choices about how best to behave.<br />By being conscious of our own behaviour in working towards the achievement of objectives we are more likely to influence other people’s behavior.<br />Constant monitoring will provide the feedback we need to make situation-dependent adjustments.<br />How is TA linked to Communication skills?<br />The signal (input) received by a person is processed by the unique processor in the mind, which processes the information based on available store of past learning's & experiences, and then accordingly it responds.<br />It is necessary for the individual to understand the specifications of the processor so that he/she knows his/her strengths and limitations. Such self-awareness helps in responding to situations with careful thought.<br />Three distinct part of personality called Ego states that are present in every individual. Individual exhibits one or the other ego state while communicating with others. <br />Ego states are known as:<br />Parent Ego state<br />Adult Ego state<br />Child Ego state <br />Parent: This is a set of feelings, thinking and behavior that we have copied from our parents and significant others. One gives judgment based on his experience /recordings<br />Adult: Uses information and data for decision making. Updates the information available from old experiences <br />Child: Uses the information / experience available in mind about what his father said or learnt in a school or from a society.<br />Parent ego state contains:<br />Thoughts, feelings, Beliefs, traditions being subjected to or copied from parents.<br />Should not , or should <br />Nurturing views :Care and concern, love , affection ( you are ok )<br />Critical views: Blame , criticism , firing ,Controlling others . (You are not ok).<br />Adult ego state contains:<br />Thoughts , feelings based on objective analysis and data <br />Makes decisions based on logic and analysis and reasoning and not emotions or traditions <br />(I am ok and you are ok).<br />Child ego state contains:<br />Thoughts feelings , attitudes based on child like emotions , impulses we have experienced <br />Examples <br />Happy , pleasure seeking<br />Angry , fearful<br />Rebellious and reacting <br />Curious <br />Eager to please and follow what is told.<br /> Transaction levels<br />Transactions between people are seen as having 3 levels:<br />Complementary – both people are operating from the same ego state<br />Crossed – the other person reacts from an unexpected ego state<br />Ulterior – two ego states within the same person but one disguises the other.<br />Complementary ‘Transactions’<br />Interactions, responses, actions regarded as appropriate and expected from another person are called complementary transactions.<br />It is shown by Parallel communication arrows and communication continues.<br /> <br /> Example 1:#1what time do you have?<br />#2I’ve got 11:15.<br />](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/abhi-obbbbb-110501065634-phpapp02/85/Abhi-obbbbb-1-320.jpg)
